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Hi everyone, today we are going to correct the exercises that we have to do

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related to geography. I know these exercises are very easy if you have

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understood all the explanation from the other class, so I think it is easy for you

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to understand these exercises. As you can see in the screen you have here a

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a miniature of the page in which the exercises are okay so here we have the number of exercise

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page and the question of each exercise to be easier for you to correct them remember you have

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to deliver the your notebook through the aula virtual okay and the last the deadline is tomorrow

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okay second option and with this we finished okay so you only have to correct the exercises if

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there they are correct you only have to mark a tick and that's it okay and you deliver the

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notebook if you have any questions you can ask through the through the aula virtual or by mail

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okay so first of all we are going to correct these exercises and the first one is this related to the

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pyramid population and here we have four different questions. What information does the pyramid show?

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Which age group has the most people? Which age group has the least amount of people? And are

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there more boys or girls in the 0-4 age group? Okay, so first one, what information does the

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pyramid show? We have to focus on the title that we have here, okay? And this pyramid shows the

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world population in 2015 divided into percentages of men and females in each

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age group okay is the definition of a pyramid population but you have

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to include the year specific the year okay if we have a place a specific place

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we have to notice them okay second or B which are which age group has the most

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people eight people or the most people sorry the zero four h group has the most people if you know

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here we can see okay it's the the biggest group in the pyramid always the the zero four h group

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has the most people because we have a lot of birds but later uh some of these children died so

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So, we start to reduce the number of people, but at the beginning is the most prevalent.

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Okay, C, which age group has the least amount of people?

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Okay, the elderly.

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In here, we have over than 85 age group, okay?

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Because normally, in these years, a lot of people have died before.

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Are there more boys or girls in the 0-4 age group?

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As we know, there are more boys in this group, but later these boys start dying and girls start to be in a higher number, especially in the adult period.

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This is very easy, you only have to look at the pyramid and try to answer the question looking at the information that we have.

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Also, here we have different explanations that help us to understand this exercise.

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Okay.

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Number three, correct the following sentences.

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Here we have a mistake in your book, okay?

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In your book it's written they are, okay?

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There are more males over 65 than females in the world.

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That is wrong, okay?

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The correct one is there are more females than males over 65 in the world.

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Letter B, the active population includes students, is wrong.

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We can say it in two ways.

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The active population does not include students.

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Or, the inactive population includes students.

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That means, podemos decirlo con que la población activa no incluye estudiantes,

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que sería la primera, o podemos hacer referencia que en la población inactiva están los estudiantes.

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Podéis ponerlo de las dos maneras.

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Letter C. Most people in Ethiopia work in the tertiary sector.

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It is wrong because Ethiopia is a country in Africa, and normally in Africa a lot of countries work in the primary sector.

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So we can change the number of the country or another European country.

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Most people in Germany work in the tertiary sector.

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Or we can add that people in Ethiopia work in the primary sector.

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Okay, next ones.

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Questions A and B from page 12.

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Okay, this is the page 12 with the 0.5.

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What is the difference between birth rate and fertility rate?

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Birth rate is the number of births relative to the total population of a place,

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es decir, el número relativo de nacimientos dentro de una población,

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es decir, los centros de los nacimientos.

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Okay, whereas fertility rate is the number of live births per woman aged 15 and 49.

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That means el número de niños o de hijos que pueden tener las mujeres en edad fértil.

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Normalmente se considera que una mujer está en edad fértil desde los 15 a los 49 o 45,

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depende del momento con la menopausia, ¿vale?

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Both rates are expressed in per mile.

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That means, okay.

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And the period of the time is usually a year.

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So, each year, these rates are recalculated again, okay?

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B, what is the infant mortality rate?

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Infant mortality rate refers to the number of babies that died before the first birthday

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in relation to the number of live births in a place.

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It is expressed in per mile once again.

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Por tanto, la mortalidad infantil mide aquellos niños que no han llegado al año de vida.

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Por lo tanto, cada año se calcula la mortalidad infantil, ¿vale?

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Comparando con el resto de niños que se han pasado el año y de la población de la región.

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Okay, page 14.

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These demographic models is the most important part of this unit or this geographic part, okay?

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The transition models or the demographic models.

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A. When does the population growth become negative?

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That means, ¿cuándo empieza a decrecer la población?

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Se puede decir, ¿cuándo el crecimiento es negativo o cuándo decrece la población?

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The population growth becomes negative in some parts of the modern demographic model,

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where the birth rate dips below the death rate.

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¿Esto qué quiere decir?

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Que la tasa de nacimiento se hunde y está por debajo de la tasa de defunción, de mortalidad.

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¿Qué quiere decir?

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Que muere más gente, o sea, nace menos gente de la que muere.

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That is, the mortality rate is here and the birth rate is here.

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So, if we have this, which is the birth rate, here in the middle, that is negative growth.

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If here the birth rate, which is this one down here, goes up to the mortality rate, this is positive growth.

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Because there are more births than deaths.

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In this case, the question A asks us when it happens that the growth of the population is negative.

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Es decir, hay más muertes que nacimientos, ¿vale?

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What is the natural growth like in the old and modern demographic models?

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In the old and modern demographic models, there is low population growth and negative natural growth, respectively.

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That means in both, in the first stage and in the third, the growth is very low because they have, or a lot of births, or a lot of deaths.

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So, there are growth and negative natural growth also sometimes.

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Both models show a relative stable population.

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This is because birth and death are both very high in the old and they are very low in the modern.

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That means in the old demographic model, we have a lot of births and a lot of deaths.

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So the population grows in that way.

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In the transition, we have this development of this growth.

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But in the modern, yes, in the modern, we have this again.

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Low births and low deaths.

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It's positive to have low deaths, okay, but it's negative to have low births, okay?

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O sea, es positivo.

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En el demográfico antiguo era normal que naciera mucha gente y sobreviviera poca,

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es decir, era normal que familias tuvieran siete hijos y sobrevivieran solo dos, ¿vale?

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Entonces, crecía poco porque había mucho nacimiento y mucha mortalidad.

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En la actual, hay muy poca mortalidad, es decir, la gente, obviamente, sigue falleciendo gente, pero no en cantidades muy grandes, como se ocurre ahora con la epidemia, sino que en situación normal la gente es bastante longeva, pero como nacen pocos niños, el crecimiento es poco, es un crecimiento estable, no hay una gran crecida como tenemos aquí con el régimen de transición demográfica, ¿vale?

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Questions

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Uy

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Ah, vale, este era el ejercicio uno

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Perdón que me dio

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And questions A and B

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He will have questions A and B

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Okay

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What are the characteristics of the old and modern demographic models?

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The characteristics of the old demographic model are

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Low population growth

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High birth rate

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High death rate

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And very low life expectancy

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Es decir, una esperanza de vida muy baja

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La gente en esta época, es decir, antes del siglo XVIII, llegará a 40 años bien de salud, cero milagro.

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O sea, la gente era anciana con 50, ¿vale?

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O sea, imaginaos.

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And the characteristics of the modern demographic model are population stagnation, that means estancamiento de la población, no crecen, no se mueren.

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And demographic slowdown due to negative natural growth, birth rates and death rates are very low and life expectancy is very high, lo que decíamos antes.

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Vaya gente tarda mucho en morirse, pero no nacen niños, ese es el problema.

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And what are the two phases of the demographic transition model?

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Firstly, a phase of high birth rates and declining death rates, which produce a population explosion, this one.

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And secondly, a gradually failing birth rate and declining death rate, which slow population growth.

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That means here we have an explosion of population and here we start to be in a decline to be stable here in the modern demographic regime or model.

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And the last two exercises. How do migrants possibly affect the economy in their host countries?

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Migrants possibly affect the economy of the host country, but increasing their labor supply, stimulating economic expansion, revitalizing the domestic labor market, and increasing consumption.

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Okay, this is the positive.

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And what are some of the social effects of immigration?

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Bringing a professional and academic qualification to a host country, okay, como la fuga de cerebros, no sé si suena, pero es gente preparada que en su país de origen no tiene opción de trabajo y emigra a otro país.

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Changing demographic patterns, for example, young immigrants can offset the aging population in their host country and increase birth rates.

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Esto ocurre en España. España, al principio de los años 2000, era un país envejecido como ahora, pero como hubo un boom de inmigración, se rejuveneció el país por toda la población inmigrante que llegó al principio de los 2000.

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Luego con la crisis de 2007-2008, la inmigración se frenó, porque nadie va a emigrar a un país en crisis, pero gracias a la población se consiguió mantener la población española más o menos joven, o sea que es importante.

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And later, isolation of immigrants and difficulty integrating fully in their host country, discrimination, racism, all these kind of things.

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Okay, we have finished. Okay, so if you have any questions, you can ask, like always, by email or in Diabola Virtual. And if you don't have any questions, he will finish the lesson.