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Hello everyone, we are going to continue with the online lessons and with the unit 8

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and this is the moment for the new topic that is migration

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that you can find on the book on the pages 138 and 39

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in the book the information is ok, you have some definitions here

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the factors why people migrate in this section

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the different types of migration here

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and then the consequences that can be either positive or negative for the

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countries of origin and arrival I'm going to summarize all of this with my

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presentation so to begin with normally in class I make some questions that is

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why do you think people migrate and then if you think immigration is positive or

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negative we made if you remember a little debate in class but basically the

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basic reason is that people are going to move from one place to another basically

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because they have better expectations okay that is what you can see in the

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picture but first of all we have to start saying what is migration that is

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basically a movement of people from one place to another with the purpose of

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remaining for a long period of time and they will have to know the

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difference between two different concepts immigration immigrants

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immigrants that is the people that came to live in a place from another country

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and immigrants immigrants that are the people who leave the country to go and

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live in another place for example when I immigrated to Ireland like seven years

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ago I was an immigrant in Ireland but I was an Spanish immigrant the net

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migration rate is going to be the statistic or the data that we are going

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to obtain by knowing the difference between immigrants and immigrants so we

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take the number of immigrants we subtract the number of immigrants and we

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will have the net migration rate to know if the country is receiving more people

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or more people are leaving the country why do people normally migrate there are

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different types of reasons for example there are social reasons that is

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basically to have a better quality of life or maybe because a member of the

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family moved to another country and the rest of the family continue as you can

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see in the picture there are also economic reasons that are one of the

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most important because some countries have better economic perspectives more

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job opportunities or better working or living conditions for example when i went to ireland

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it was because in spain had an economic crisis and it was very difficult to find a job in spain

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but in ireland it was easier many people also suffer from really bad working conditions

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in some countries and they prefer to move to countries in which they can have a better quality

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of life then we have also environmental reasons or causes that can be disasters

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for example droughts, sequias, floods, inundaciones, bad harvests or maybe they

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are looking for better climates basically all of this can cause lack of

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food and if they don't have food they are hungry and if they are hungry they

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need to move looking for food and finally one of the main reasons nowadays

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also is political or religious reasons basically we have we are going to have

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people running away from wars from the persecution of ethnic minorities for

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example the war of Syria is one of the most famous nowadays because a lot of

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refugees are leaving their country trying to find peace in other places

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most of them want to come to Europe and that's why we are going to speak about

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this a little bit later as well among the political reasons there can be also

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people that run away from dictatorship that don't want to live in a

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dictatorship like it happened in Spain like 50 years ago many people were

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exiled or went to exile to countries that were

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democratic like Mexico or France so let's continue in this map what you have

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is some movements or migrations that happen from Africa to the rest of the

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planet and this map is really funny because what is telling us is that all

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All humans are immigrants from Africa because this is a map from the prehistory when our

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ancestors that just studied last year on first grade started to migrate in Africa, then they

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went to Asia and Europe and finally they crossed to America as well.

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This is a link to a video that talks about migration that I will recommend in the lesson.

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Then we can also see that migrations have been completely different in time, for example

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in the 16th century most of the people that migrated were europeans that tried to find a

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better life in new places that were discovered for example since the discovery of america

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by columbus many europeans fled to the new continent america to north america and south

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america as you can see with these arrows and many europeans also went to some new colonies

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like Australia New Zealand colonies in Africa and so on the Russians when they

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conquered Siberia they also migrated there and there were also non-european

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migrations for example from Africa to America many slaves were forced by the

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Europeans to go there to live there then also we have Indians and Chinese

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population that migrated but the reason for that was that there was so many

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people there that they wanted or they moved to other places to have a better life.

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Nowadays do you think the map would look similar? It's the opposite. Most of the

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people migrate now but not to new continents. They are migrating to the most

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developed areas so the main reasons for these people to move is because they

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they are looking for democratic states to live because they will have the

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opportunity to run away from the wars and the dictatorship of their native

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nations and also to countries that are developed economically so they have they

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can provide more job opportunities better salaries and so on as you can see

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in the green color we have the countries that receive most of the migrants and in

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In orange, countries that are providing people or that have a lot of emigration to other

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places.

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Basically we have migrations from South America to the US and to Spain, migrations from the

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north of Africa to Europe, then there is people also going to South Africa and some people

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going to developed countries like Australia, South Korea and so on.

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in this last map what you can see is the net migration rate in the world so if the net

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migration is positive for the countries that are in blue there is more people that enters in the

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country that people than lives so the population increase in the case of the negative net migration

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for the countries that are in red there is more people leaving the country than entering the

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countries of these countries these nations are losing population and in

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green you have an immigration grade that is more or less balanced now we can see

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that the migrations are different depending on the situation of people

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there are different duration depending on the time different character and also

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there are differences in the space in which the people move so for example

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There are permanent migrations for the people that are permanently moving to one place or another.

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For example, the nomads that just started last year at the school were migrating constantly.

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There are also definitive migrations for people that move to a place and never come back to their country.

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And there are also temporary or seasonal migrations.

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For example, Romanian people that came to Spain for the grape harvesting in September

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and sometimes they go back to their country when they have work in Spain for that short period of time.

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That will be temporary or seasonal.

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That is, they come for a short period of time to work and they return to their country.

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Also, the character can be different.

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For example, there is migrations that are voluntary,

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which means that people move because they want to and also people that are forced to move so forced

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migration especially for refugees or asylum seeker. Gente que busca asilo quiere decir personas que

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son perseguidas en su país y piden a algún gobierno democrático que les conceda asilo

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político para que les proteja porque si no su vida estaría en peligro. Finally regarding the

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space we are going to have international migrations but also internal migrations

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because there are movements from for example from people from the UK Romania

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Italy or Morocco to Spain that will be international but also there are

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internal movements of migration in Spain that we call rural Exodus exodus rural

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the people that leave the countryside to live in the cities for example many

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people from Castilla-La Mancha or from Castilla y León that moved in the past to Madrid,

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for example, or also to Catalonia, to the Basque Country.

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In this map of the Spanish migrations along the 20th century what you can see is that

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the Basque Country, El País Vasco, Catalonia, Valencia and Madrid were the autonomous communities

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that received more population and then you can see in yellow especially castilla la mancha

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extremadura castilla leon and andalucía the countries from which all these people move to

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other places okay and normally i like to make a question in class that is how many of your

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grandparents are from aranjuez so i'd like you to think about that because um most of the population

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that live in Madrid and also in Leganés, Getafe, Valdemoro or Aranjuez are not originally from

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here many of them were migrants in the past so this can make us think a little bit we are

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we maybe we are not migrants now but many people were migrants well I'm a migrant myself because

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I don't I am not from Aranjuez okay another thing that I find interesting and it's not in your book

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is that we need to know also which is the most common country of origin

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of foreign-born population, that is, what is the origin of the majority of the foreign population

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in each country and this is a map of Europe in which you can see that information in Spain

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obviously is Morocco because Morocco is very close to Spain but for example in Italy most

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Most of the people are from Romania, in Germany from Poland, in Russia from Ukraine, in Great

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Britain from India because it was a colony, and so on.

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You can see that there are a lot of differences depending on the European country.

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In Spain, most of the people, more than half a million, came from Morocco, there is also

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more than half a million that are from Romania, and then we have people from the UK, Italy,

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china and so on okay you can see that there are a lot of migrants from different places in spain

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and as you can see not everything is like you can see in the social media because there are a lot of

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people that are from europe as well like british italians germans french portuguese and so on

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Finally, I'd like you to take a look to this table that compares the benefits and the problems caused by migration by the countries of arrival and the countries of origin.

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For example, for the countries of arrival, like Spain, it's positive because normally migrants are young people and they increase the birth rate.

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That is to say, they have more children and so the population pyramid is renewed, which, as you saw the other day, was getting older.

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These people, the migrants, also pay a lot of taxes and contribute to economic growth.

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That is to say, the economy is going to improve thanks to them because they work, pay taxes and in this way they can provide more services,

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such as health care or schools or security.

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more consumers more people mean that we can make more products to sell es decir si hay

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más consumidores aunque vengan de fuera quiere decir que vamos a conseguir también que se

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produzca más y haya más empleo porque esa gente también va a comprar nuestros productos and there

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is also cultural diversity which can be also positive because we can learn from different

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cultures problems in the countries of arrival the integration of people basically these people

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normally live in similar neighborhoods because they are poor and they don't have money to live

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in other places and this is going to cause racism and racism xenophobia and marginalization

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You have probably seen this many times in your short life and you still have a lot to see.

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And there is also an increase of cost of social services, but as I told you, this is not really important because if they are paying taxes, they are paying for these social services.

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Then, in the countries of origin, the benefit is that there is less political, social and

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economic pressure.

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¿Qué quiere decir esto?

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Que es un poco complicado.

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Pues quiere decir que si un país tiene problemas, lo normal es que esta población, si no encontrara

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una vía de escape, hicieran una revuelta, una revolución contra el gobierno para mejorar

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las condiciones de vida que tienen en su país.

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embargo si abandonan su país para irse a otro en el país de origen toda esta

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gente que podría estar protestando ya no está se ha marchado

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then there is less unemployment es decir baja en la tasa de desempleo el paro

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porque estos desempleados se han ido a otro país and they also persist money from other

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countries muchas de las personas que viajan a otro país para trabajar envían

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dinero a sus familias y esto a los países de origen les viene muy bien en

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españa en los años 60 esto ocurrió es decir hace unos

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hace ya más de 60 años muchos españoles se fueron a trabajar a francia a

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dinamarca noruega alemania y enviaban dinero a sus familias y gracias a eso la

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economía española mejoró bastante which are the problems in these

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countries? ¿Cuáles son los problemas? There are less young adults, so they lost working

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power, es decir, como la mayoría de la gente que se marcha son jóvenes, que son la gente

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que normalmente trabaja, pues pierden a esta población que se ha marchado. The imbalance

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between sex groups, esto es porque la mayoría de la gente que se marcha son hombres, por

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lo tanto va a haber más mujeres que hombres en el país, y esto puede causar un problema

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demográfico. And there is also a loss of qualified population. La mayoría de la gente que se marcha

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es gente que tiene recursos y que tiene la facilidad para poder irse. Los más pobres no

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pueden irse del país. Por lo tanto, muchas veces la gente que deja los países es gente con estudios.

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Yo, muchos de los inmigrantes que he conocido a lo largo de mi vida han venido a España ya con

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alguna carrera cuando en españa llegó la crisis en 2007 mucha gente con carrera universitaria

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sobre todo científicos se marcharon a países como alemania entonces españa que gastó mucho

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dinero en la formación de estos jóvenes ha perdido la inversión porque la están dando en los países

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que los reciben como por ejemplo como por ejemplo alemania irlanda o gran bretaña final in my

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presentation what you have is a series of slides that I normally use for

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debating in class like this one about the Spanish migration there were illegal

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immigrants from Spain in the past for example in which we compare these

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population pyramids we speak also about the journey these people the migrants

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from Africa have to take through the Sahara Desert to cross the street of

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Gibraltar or crossing to the Canary Islands using these cayucos, pateras or lanchas.

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Also we speak about the conditions in which they arrive, the fence of Melilla or Ceuta in which

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many of them are stopped by the national police. Also they welcome that some racist people are

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giving this these people that came from other countries looking for a better

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life some jokes that normally I need to explain like why do you think people say

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that the immigrants steal our jobs and they also say that they are lazy and

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they don't work that's very stupid no for example and also we speak about the

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working conditions or living conditions they have when they arrive which are

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normally terrible and finally normally we speak also about the refugee crisis

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that in the media is not normally it was in the past something that we could hear

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about all the time and even though these refugees are in the borders here in this

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area of Hungary Greece Turkey and so on we don't have any news about them they

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are just dying of hunger, starvation, cold, diseases and so on. Imagine what has to

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be the life of all these people that are running away from wars in Afghanistan,

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Syria, in Eritrea or Somalia that are trying to find a better life in Europe

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and when they arrive they have to do it illegally, when they are escaping from

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wars they have to be living in concentration camps like these ones or

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refugee camps as some people say and they are prevented to advance into

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freedom basically normally I like to debate about all of this in class but

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without the classes is going to be impossible but if we have time in the

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video conference of this Wednesday maybe we can take some time to speak about all

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of these if we are done with the doubts you have about the unit in the aula

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virtual I'm going to tell you the activities that you have to do that are

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basically all of these ones if you have any questions that can't wait for

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Wednesday video conference and you can as always write to me bye bye