1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:24,620 16th century, Juana la Loca. During the 16th century, different monarchs ruled Spain, all of them from the Austria dynasty. 2 00:00:24,620 --> 00:00:40,850 When Isabel I died in 1504, Juana I and Felipe I were proclaimed kings of Castile. 3 00:00:40,850 --> 00:00:56,810 In 1506, Felipe died, and Fernando el Catolico recovered the regency in Castile in the name of Prince Carlos, the future Carlos I of Spain and V of Germany, son of Felipe el Hermoso and Juana la Loca. 4 00:01:05,750 --> 00:01:09,629 Fernando el Catolico imprisoned Juana because of her dementia. 5 00:01:09,629 --> 00:01:19,900 When in 1516, Fernando el Católico died and Carlos I was proclaimed King of Castile and Aragon, 6 00:01:19,900 --> 00:01:25,900 Carlos I also kept his mother's prison in Tordesillas. 7 00:01:25,900 --> 00:01:36,659 There were people who tried to put Juana against her son to occupy the throne, but she refused the proposal. 8 00:01:36,659 --> 00:01:53,150 Carlos I was grandson of the Catholic Monarchs. 9 00:01:55,150 --> 00:02:02,150 He became king of Spain when he was 16, but he was born in Belgium. 10 00:02:02,150 --> 00:02:09,150 Carlos I inherited many territories from his maternal and paternal grandparents. 11 00:02:09,150 --> 00:02:13,150 He became Carlos I of Spain and Carlos V of Germany. 12 00:02:13,150 --> 00:02:17,150 He kept the independent kingdoms and their institutions. 13 00:02:17,150 --> 00:02:31,539 When Carlos I became king of Spain, he did not know the language or customs of the country. 14 00:02:31,539 --> 00:02:36,539 He had foreign counselors who increased taxes. 15 00:02:37,539 --> 00:02:43,539 This caused two rebellions in 1520 in Castilla and Valencia. 16 00:02:45,539 --> 00:02:50,539 Carlos I fought against France who wanted to control the north of Italy. 17 00:02:51,539 --> 00:02:57,689 against German Protestants to defend Catholicism, 18 00:02:59,550 --> 00:03:04,009 and against Turks who wanted to control territories in the Mediterranean. 19 00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:16,939 In 1556, Felipe II became the king of Spain, 20 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:23,060 and in 1561 established the capital of Spain in Madrid. 21 00:03:23,780 --> 00:03:28,520 In 1580, became the king of Portugal, 22 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:32,000 joined the crown of Portugal to his territories. 23 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:37,159 He had to rule a great empire with territories all over the world, 24 00:03:37,319 --> 00:03:40,099 in America, Africa and Asia. 25 00:03:42,599 --> 00:03:46,120 Felipe II continued fighting as his father did. 26 00:03:46,599 --> 00:03:49,199 The conflict with the French continued 27 00:03:49,199 --> 00:03:55,599 and Felipe II defeated the French in the Battle of San Quintín. 28 00:03:55,599 --> 00:04:04,039 Fighting for the control of the Mediterranean Sea, he defeated Turks in the Battle of Lepanto. 29 00:04:04,039 --> 00:04:13,240 Felipe II fought a long war against the Netherlands, who wanted independence. 30 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:19,240 The English supported the Netherlands in this war. 31 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:30,810 In 1588, Felipe II tried to invade England with a fleet of ships called the Armada, but it was defeated. 32 00:04:30,810 --> 00:04:55,790 In the 16th century, Spain became the greatest world power. Carlos I and Felipe II ruled the empire with territories all over the world. 33 00:04:55,790 --> 00:05:05,139 The king was responsible for the army, institution, taxes, war and peace. 34 00:05:05,139 --> 00:05:08,180 Many counselors helped the king. 35 00:05:08,180 --> 00:05:14,860 The kings had a lot of power, but there were some limitations of their power. 36 00:05:14,860 --> 00:05:21,500 There were courts in its kingdoms that could accept or reject certain laws. 37 00:05:21,500 --> 00:05:32,959 kingdoms had justice symptoms to ensure the king kept the laws Felipe II after losing 38 00:05:32,959 --> 00:05:42,879 against the English with the Armada the decline began Spain did not develop or prosper 39 00:05:42,879 --> 00:05:51,279 Spain was constantly at war and this war was very expensive for the crown 40 00:05:51,279 --> 00:06:04,939 Nobility were lazy. They didn't work. Manual work was dishonorable. People with money didn't 41 00:06:04,939 --> 00:06:12,399 invest and the country didn't prosper or develop. There is no industry or manufacturing, so 42 00:06:12,399 --> 00:06:15,060 Spain didn't grow economically. 43 00:06:15,060 --> 00:06:23,500 Meanwhile, the rest of European countries grew and developed, thanks to the raw materials 44 00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:25,060 brought by Spain. 45 00:06:25,060 --> 00:06:34,439 Felipe II, the following kings delegated their responsibility and did not comment there was 46 00:06:34,439 --> 00:06:39,920 a lot of corruption that did not improve the economy in this situation. 47 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:44,040 In the period there were also bad harvests.