1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:22,000 Spain in the Modern Ages 2 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:26,000 The modern age started in 1492, 3 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:31,000 and it finished in 1789 with the French Revolution. 4 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:39,000 In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America. 5 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:45,000 This year is considered to be the beginning of the modern age. 6 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:50,000 It was a time of discovery when people's ideas about the world changed. 7 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:52,000 Everything changed. 8 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:56,000 We had a much better world compared with the Middle Ages. 9 00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:03,000 There were significant advances in economy, trade, politics and science. 10 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:08,000 Explorers discovered new lands and routes around the world 11 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:13,000 and brought back products that had not been seen in Europe before. 12 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:21,000 As a result, sea trade flourished and Spain became a rich and important power. 13 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:33,000 The discovery of America initiated the exchange of plants and animals between the continents. 14 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:35,000 Here are some examples. 15 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:55,000 Some examples of exportation are the following. 16 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:05,000 Or onions. 17 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:12,000 When the Spanish arrived in America, they found a great variety of people. 18 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:19,000 These were usually small tribes, but some groups had created big empires. 19 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:23,000 The Spanish expeditions invaded their territories, 20 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:27,000 imposing their language, culture, religion and customs. 21 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:32,000 The Mayas were organized as powerful city-states. 22 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:41,000 They lived in Central America, in a region that is today Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. 23 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:47,000 They were the only American civilization that developed an advanced writing system. 24 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:54,000 They were also very advanced in sciences such as astronomy, medicine and mathematics. 25 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,000 The Aztecs were governed by an emperor. 26 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:02,000 They lived in the region that is today known as Central Mexico. 27 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:05,000 Their life was centered around religion. 28 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:11,000 To honor their gods, they built temples in the shape of a pyramid. 29 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,000 Most Aztecs were farmers. 30 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:19,000 They cultivated corn, vanilla and tomatoes. 31 00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:25,000 The Incas lived in South America, in the region that is now called Peru. 32 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:30,000 Their capital city was Cuzco, and their language Quechua. 33 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:37,000 The Incas built a system of roads and used lamas to transport goods. 34 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:43,000 Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón 35 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:50,000 received the title of Catholic monarchs from the Pope after conquering the Kingdom of Granada. 36 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:55,000 During their reign, they unified the Iberian Peninsula, 37 00:03:55,000 --> 00:04:00,000 reinforced royal authority and imposed the Catholic religion. 38 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:03,000 The Spanish Inquisition was established. 39 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:09,000 Its aim was to punish people who didn't follow the rules established by the Catholic Church. 40 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:15,000 The first Spanish grammar book was published in 1492 by Antonio de Nebrija. 41 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:22,000 The early modern age in Spain began with the marriage of Isabel I and Fernando II. 42 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:29,000 In 1479, they united the Kingdom of Castilla and of Aragón 43 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:33,000 and created one large powerful Christian kingdom. 44 00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:39,000 Then, in 1492, they conquered the Kingdom of Granada. 45 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,000 This was the end of the Reconquista. 46 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:49,000 Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator and explorer. 47 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:52,000 He wanted to find a new sea route to Asia. 48 00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:55,000 Other navigators sailed around the coast of Africa, 49 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:59,000 but Columbus decided to sail west, across the Atlantic Ocean, 50 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:03,000 because he was convinced this was a shorter route. 51 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,000 The Catholic monarchs financed his expedition, 52 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:12,000 which led to the discovery of a new continent from a European point of view. 53 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:17,000 Columbus promised to bring back gold, spices and silks from the Far East 54 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:22,000 to spread Christianity and later on to lead an expedition to China. 55 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:29,000 On the 3rd of August of 1492, the three caravels left Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, 56 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:35,000 and on the 12th of October, 1492, arrived in San Salvador, an island in the Bahamas. 57 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:40,000 Carlos I became king in 1516. 58 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:44,000 He was the first Spanish king of the Habsburg dynasty. 59 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:50,000 He ruled over a great empire, which included Spain and its territories in America. 60 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:54,000 He also ruled over the Spanish capital of Madrid, 61 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:57,000 which was the capital of the Spanish Empire. 62 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:01,000 He was the first Spanish king of the Spanish Empire. 63 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:06,000 He ruled over a great empire, which included Spain and its territories in America. 64 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:11,000 He also inherited the German Empire from his father's family. 65 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:16,000 For this reason, he was also called Carlos V of Germany. 66 00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:23,000 His personal and national motto was Blues Ultra, which means further beyond. 67 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:30,000 Before Carlos I died, he divided his empire into two kingdoms. 68 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,000 He gave the German Empire to his brother, Fernando. 69 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:41,000 His son, Felipe II, inherited his Spanish Empire, which included Spain and the Netherlands. 70 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:46,000 Felipe II became king in 1556. 71 00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:51,000 In 1561, he established his permanent residence in Madrid. 72 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:58,000 The Spanish Empire expanded under his reign, especially in America. 73 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:05,000 In 1580, Felipe II conquered Portugal, which meant he controlled all of the Iberian Peninsula 74 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:10,000 and also ruled over the Portuguese territories in America, Africa and Asia. 75 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:15,000 The reign of Felipe II was also a period of wars and conflicts. 76 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:20,000 Felipe II's armies won many important battles on land and at sea. 77 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:23,000 In 1571, in the Battle of Lepanto, 78 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:29,000 the Spanish fleet stopped the Turkish Empire from taking control of the Mediterranean Sea. 79 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,000 However, these wars were very expensive, 80 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:37,000 so the king had to use gold and silver brought from America to pay for them. 81 00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:43,000 The price of some products increased and the Spanish population became poorer. 82 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:48,000 Spain in the modern ages 83 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:56,000 Spain in the modern ages