1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:06,320 The 27th of March, 1566, in a small graveyard in el Monasterio del Señor San Francisco, 2 00:00:06,759 --> 00:00:11,880 a lifeless body, or so they thought, the famous composer and organist Antonio de Cabezón laid. 3 00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:16,780 The musician was surrounded by his family, including his wife and his daughters and sons, 4 00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:18,960 and also by his close friends. 5 00:00:20,379 --> 00:00:24,379 Behind all of them, a ghostly body appeared, or rather, there I was. 6 00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:28,219 Yes, I'm dead, well, technically, because my heart doesn't beat. 7 00:00:28,219 --> 00:00:30,179 But look, at least now I can see. 8 00:00:30,559 --> 00:00:34,880 for having lived in the 16th century with wars, pandemics, changes. 9 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:41,200 Nevertheless, my life has not been that bad. I mean, I could have lived in the Bahamas, but, 10 00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:46,479 well, my life was full of love, happiness, passion for my music and for my work. 11 00:00:46,479 --> 00:00:51,840 But now let's go back to 1509, when my parents decided to have a child. 12 00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:56,159 And guess who that child was? It was my brother Diego. 13 00:00:56,159 --> 00:01:04,459 My life began in the year 1510, when my parents, Sebastián de Cabenzón and María Gutiérrez, decided to have their third child. 14 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:06,219 Juan was the other one. 15 00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:09,400 I was born in Castillo Mota de Judíos, in Burgos. 16 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:12,140 Well, Ilgo has not always been called like that. 17 00:01:12,540 --> 00:01:23,239 When I was born, it was called Castillo de Judíos, but in 1623, a scribe decided to copy a text where the name of the town appeared and change it to Castillo Mota Judíos. 18 00:01:23,239 --> 00:01:38,719 I think he didn't really like them, but as everyone in the town lived peacefully and never discriminated against anyone for their religion, in 2015 there was an act to change the name of the town back to its original name. 19 00:01:39,319 --> 00:01:43,920 Well, continuing with the story, where was I? Oh yes, although my family was Hidalgo. 20 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:53,920 Brief explanation, Hidalgo was a Castilian nobility title. They fought in battles as a way of living and they were considered to be part of the low nobility. 21 00:01:53,920 --> 00:02:03,920 I received a good education that let me compose and learn about music. In spite of, I went blind at 8 years old due to an infection. 22 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:08,919 Despite being blind I had a childhood like the rest of the children of my age. 23 00:02:08,919 --> 00:02:15,400 During it I did a lot of tricks on my parents and they punished me, but as a good son I 24 00:02:15,400 --> 00:02:17,340 kept doing them. 25 00:02:17,340 --> 00:02:23,860 When I decided I wanted to be a great composer and organist, or at least a competent one, 26 00:02:23,860 --> 00:02:30,139 first I went to Castro Jerez to study the organ, and then I was sent to Parencia to 27 00:02:30,139 --> 00:02:32,319 study at a cathedral. 28 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:37,000 There I learned to play the organ and learned about music thanks to García de Baeza, the 29 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:38,599 organist. 30 00:02:38,599 --> 00:02:43,819 He was like a best friend to me, although sometimes he totally flipped and he became 31 00:02:43,819 --> 00:02:44,819 the devil. 32 00:02:44,819 --> 00:02:50,719 I didn't say this, if so he would kill me, oh well, I'm already dead. 33 00:02:50,719 --> 00:02:55,759 Seriously, I didn't say that, he was really religious, I remember when he was teaching 34 00:02:55,759 --> 00:03:02,319 me, we woke up so early, I think for him only for praying, and we prayed again and again 35 00:03:02,319 --> 00:03:04,419 until he died. 36 00:03:04,419 --> 00:03:13,180 I mean, until he stopped being part of my life, because I was presented in 1522, when I was 12 years old, to the Emperor Carlos I. 37 00:03:13,879 --> 00:03:23,039 Three years later, I moved to Toledo, where I came to the service of the Empress Isabel de Portugal, wife of the king, as its chapel musician. 38 00:03:23,580 --> 00:03:32,620 I spent many years working there, but one day I met the beautiful love of my life, who I married in 1538, Luisa Núñez. 39 00:03:32,620 --> 00:03:46,620 We had five children. Furthermore, the same year I began to serve as a chamber musician of Carlos I, in addition to continuing with my work as organist of the Empress Isabel. 40 00:03:46,620 --> 00:03:53,620 Unfortunately, a year after our wedding, Isabel de Portugal passed away. Poor woman, she was so nice to me. 41 00:03:54,039 --> 00:03:57,780 Once she gave me a shirt that was cool as a cucumber for my birthday. 42 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:05,659 In those times, I lived in Madrid, where my son Hernando got baptized in 1541 in the parish of San Ginés. 43 00:04:06,259 --> 00:04:10,599 I started working for her children, but especially for Felipe II. 44 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:12,180 He was my favorite. 45 00:04:13,039 --> 00:04:19,819 Shortly after, in 1543, the Infante Don Felipe was appointed regent of Spain by Carlos V, 46 00:04:20,019 --> 00:04:22,519 and I became the organist of the Chapel of the Prince. 47 00:04:23,620 --> 00:04:31,220 For my misfortune, Maria, Carlos' wife, died in 1545, when the court had settled in Valladolid. 48 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:35,000 However, due to her death, the court moved back to Madrid. 49 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:41,100 In typical 1548, I traveled with the future prince and my bro for over three years around Europe. 50 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:46,879 Although we had those typical brothers' fights about who was going to sleep on the biggest bed at Inns, 51 00:04:47,079 --> 00:04:50,720 it was great to forget about my children and spend time with my brother. 52 00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:59,720 We managed to visit several countries. Luxembourg and the Netherlands are known for making and extending its influence around the continent. 53 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:07,720 During one of those trips, I played the organ in Genoa at a potential mass. Not gonna lie, I think I caused admiration. 54 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:18,720 Upon my return to Spain, I had permission to go to my home, Ávila. I stayed there from the beginning of June 1552 until December of the same year. 55 00:05:19,439 --> 00:05:23,540 By the way, you have to meet my besties, Luis de Narváez and Tomás de Santa María. 56 00:05:23,899 --> 00:05:26,620 I met them at the court in 1526. 57 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:32,620 I remember when we spent afternoons together criticizing the king's music taste. 58 00:05:33,579 --> 00:05:34,360 It's awful. 59 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:40,360 For my luck, the emperor abdicated and in 1555 Felipe II was crowned. 60 00:05:40,839 --> 00:05:43,379 And guess what? He ordered a portrait of a person. 61 00:05:43,540 --> 00:05:45,120 Do you know who is the portrait of? 62 00:05:45,420 --> 00:05:46,300 Exactly, me. 63 00:05:46,759 --> 00:05:48,360 I've always known I'm flawless. 64 00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:51,040 I'm not saying this to brag or anything like that. 65 00:05:53,180 --> 00:05:57,759 They complied my music work in a book as an example of perfection. 66 00:05:58,160 --> 00:05:59,899 Also, they called me the Spanish bug. 67 00:06:01,079 --> 00:06:03,100 We all know that bug is handsome. 68 00:06:04,660 --> 00:06:10,680 In 1560, the king installed permanently in Madrid, but unfortunately, I was sick for two years, 69 00:06:10,779 --> 00:06:14,819 so I asked for a permission and I moved temporarily to the town of Jara, in Cuenca. 70 00:06:14,819 --> 00:06:21,819 My wife and I made our will in Ávila, the place I really loved, but that wasn't the place where my life ended. 71 00:06:21,819 --> 00:06:26,819 As you know, I passed away yesterday, the 26th of May, 1566. 72 00:06:26,819 --> 00:06:35,819 I know all of you are really sad because now your favorite musician is dead, but at least I have a substitute who is obviously my blue-eyed boy Hernando. 73 00:06:35,819 --> 00:06:39,819 I know he is not like me, but at least our nose has got the same shape. 74 00:06:39,819 --> 00:06:46,139 in shape. I've talked about how great I was at music but I haven't shown my masterpieces yet. 75 00:06:46,540 --> 00:06:52,699 Trigger warning, if you are sensitive please be careful to admire so much magnificence, you may 76 00:06:52,699 --> 00:06:59,519 go deaf. Even though most of my perfect compositions were lost, these are some of my most important and 77 00:06:59,519 --> 00:07:30,259 favorite works. The book compiling of the above unloads more because he really loves me or he 78 00:07:30,259 --> 00:07:35,600 should if he wants a good inheritance. I am unique, my artworks have these three 79 00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:40,939 special characteristics. I use two types of compositional techniques, one more 80 00:07:40,939 --> 00:07:45,319 instrumental, coming from the vihuela, and the second time, which is almost an 81 00:07:45,319 --> 00:07:50,480 adaptation of polyphonic vocal music to the organ. Some people call it an 82 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:56,000 instrumental motete. I'm a trendsetter. Instead of using a single theme and 83 00:07:56,000 --> 00:08:01,920 and imitating it throughout the whole composition, as everyone else did, I used different motifs and 84 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:07,040 things that brought great unity to the work and developed better harmonic richness. 85 00:08:08,319 --> 00:08:14,480 I composed 26 tientos, including some that are based on melodies by other composers. 86 00:08:15,519 --> 00:08:22,560 Others, such as the first-tone tiento and the sixth-tone tiento, in two parts, are works that 87 00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:28,800 reached a certain scale. I also took special care in the transitions between one variation and the 88 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:37,200 other, and I was able not to reduce any procedure, no matter how small. Each variation is novel with 89 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:44,559 respect to the previous one, with which, as the piece progresses, the dramatic intensity of the 90 00:08:44,559 --> 00:08:52,639 work increases. I composed also a vocal work, the Sancta Maria prayer preserved in the Cancionero 91 00:08:52,639 --> 00:08:59,200 de Medinaceli. I created it for the church. It mixes monophonic and polyphonic melodies. 92 00:09:00,159 --> 00:09:06,480 As you have seen I was one of the most important artists in the world and I'm sure I'm going to be 93 00:09:06,480 --> 00:09:13,360 the inspirations of a lot of artists in the future. My life was also really interesting 94 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:15,820 But there's one thing I could never do 95 00:09:15,820 --> 00:09:17,399 Look at myself in the mirror 96 00:09:17,399 --> 00:09:18,500 But don't worry 97 00:09:18,500 --> 00:09:20,620 I know I'm the most handsome man in Europe 98 00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:25,480 It has been a pleasure to talk to you 99 00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:27,299 But now that I'm a ghost 100 00:09:27,299 --> 00:09:29,019 I can't wait to scare people 101 00:09:29,019 --> 00:09:30,679 So I have to go 102 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:31,419 Bye