1 00:00:00,620 --> 00:00:11,419 The Spanish Golden Age, in Spanish, el siglo de oro español, was a historical period of improvement in arts and culture. 2 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:26,940 It includes the 16th and 17th centuries and could be divided into two sub-periods, the Renaissance and the Hispanic Baroque. 3 00:00:26,940 --> 00:00:39,579 The Renaissance covers the 16th century with monarchs such as the Catholic monarchs, Carlos I and Felipe II. 4 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:49,179 And the Hispanic Baroque covers the 17th century, ruling the Habsburgs and the Bourbons. 5 00:00:49,179 --> 00:00:58,179 Let's learn about some important Spanish artists influenced by the Golden Age. 6 00:00:58,179 --> 00:01:04,579 This period was especially brilliant for literature. 7 00:01:04,579 --> 00:01:16,579 La picaresca española, the satire, the religious poetry and the comedies were at the peak of their development. 8 00:01:16,579 --> 00:01:30,579 One of the most important writers in this period was Miguel de Cervantes, he was born in Alcalá de Henares, and his most important novel was Don Quixote de la Mancha. 9 00:01:30,579 --> 00:01:40,579 Besides being a writer, he was also a brave man who fought in La Batalla de Lepanto, where he was injured. 10 00:01:40,579 --> 00:02:07,340 Another important famous Spanish book of the Golden Age is El lazarillo de Tormes, which author is unknown. It is the most typical picaresca novel in Spain and tells the story of a boy who has to survive being clever and tricking people. 11 00:02:07,340 --> 00:02:13,379 Francisco de Quevedo was a very famous writer and poet. 12 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:20,400 He wrote many funny poems such as A una nariz. 13 00:02:21,319 --> 00:02:22,939 Let's listen to it. 14 00:02:24,139 --> 00:02:27,300 Érase un hombre a una nariz pegado. 15 00:02:27,719 --> 00:02:29,939 Érase una nariz superlativa. 16 00:02:31,400 --> 00:02:34,680 Érase una nariz sallón y escriba. 17 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,400 Érase un peje espada muy barbado 18 00:02:38,400 --> 00:02:42,039 Era un reloj de sol mal encarado 19 00:02:42,039 --> 00:02:45,199 Érase un alquitara pensativa 20 00:02:45,199 --> 00:02:48,180 Érase un elefante boca arriba 21 00:02:48,180 --> 00:02:51,599 Era Ovidio Nasón más narizado 22 00:02:51,599 --> 00:02:55,520 Érase un espolón de una galera 23 00:02:55,520 --> 00:02:58,599 Érase una pirámide de Egipto 24 00:02:58,599 --> 00:03:01,979 Las doce tribus de narices era 25 00:03:01,979 --> 00:03:12,219 Érase un narcisismo infinito, muchísimo nariz, nariz tan fiera, que en la cara de Anás fuera delito. 26 00:03:13,979 --> 00:03:24,460 Calderón de la Barca was an important dramatist who wrote the play La vida es sueño, in which we can recognize beautiful poems such as the following. 27 00:03:24,460 --> 00:03:32,689 Misero de mí, ay infelice, apurar cielos pretendo, ya que me tratáis así, qué delito 28 00:03:32,689 --> 00:03:34,349 cometí contra vosotros naciendo. 29 00:03:35,490 --> 00:03:38,370 Aunque si nací, ya entiendo qué delito he cometido. 30 00:03:39,189 --> 00:03:44,449 Bastante causa ha tenido vuestra justicia y rigor, pues el delito mayor del hombre es 31 00:03:44,449 --> 00:03:45,169 haber nacido. 32 00:03:47,599 --> 00:03:56,500 Fernando de Rojas wrote the famous La Celestina, a novel about a couple in love and a matchmaker 33 00:03:56,500 --> 00:03:58,120 woman who tricks them. 34 00:03:58,180 --> 00:04:04,460 We can also see the influence of the Golden Age in painting. 35 00:04:05,460 --> 00:04:13,259 The most important characteristics of this period are the exaggeration of shapes and abundance in content. 36 00:04:15,340 --> 00:04:23,319 There is where the word Baroque comes, as it means overloaded, recargado. 37 00:04:23,319 --> 00:04:30,259 One of the most well-known painters in this period was Velázquez. 38 00:04:31,100 --> 00:04:39,519 He was born in Sevilla, but he moved to Madrid as he was named the royal painter in the court of Felipe IV. 39 00:04:40,439 --> 00:04:45,040 His most famous painting is Las Meninas. 40 00:04:45,639 --> 00:04:52,139 El Greco was born in Greece, but he became famous in Toledo. 41 00:04:52,139 --> 00:05:02,500 He painted this self-portrait called El Caballero de la Mano en el Pecho, but usually was focused on religious paintings. 42 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:15,300 His most famous piece is El Entierro del Conde Orgaz, but other paintings such as Vista de Toledo are also important. 43 00:05:17,649 --> 00:05:22,930 Zurbarán was a religious man who also became important in the Golden Age. 44 00:05:23,829 --> 00:05:33,189 He used to paint religious art like Santa Agueda or still life like this Naturaleza Muerta. 45 00:05:35,790 --> 00:05:38,009 Claudio Coelho was born in Madrid. 46 00:05:38,610 --> 00:05:46,769 His most important painting was La Adoración de la Sagrada Forma, which is in El Escorial. 47 00:05:46,769 --> 00:05:55,870 He also painted some royal personalities such as this portrait of Carlos II. 48 00:05:59,069 --> 00:06:03,350 Architecture became very important in the Golden Age. 49 00:06:04,290 --> 00:06:09,769 Many buildings were built all over Spain and specifically in Madrid. 50 00:06:09,769 --> 00:06:17,470 For example, El Escorial was built by order of Felipe II. 51 00:06:18,470 --> 00:06:25,389 It was the royal palace for him and for the Bourbons that later ruled Spain. 52 00:06:25,970 --> 00:06:31,529 The architect who built it was Juan Bautista de Toledo. 53 00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:38,410 Also, La Plaza Mayor de Madrid was built during the Golden Age. 54 00:06:39,129 --> 00:06:42,029 Three architects took part in the construction. 55 00:06:42,029 --> 00:06:48,970 Juan Gómez de Mora, Juan de Villanueva, and Juan de Herrera. 56 00:06:49,750 --> 00:06:55,810 Do you know who is the man on the horse in the statue in the center of the square? 57 00:06:57,430 --> 00:07:00,550 And why is he there? 58 00:07:03,250 --> 00:07:11,209 The University of Salamanca, another amazing building of this period, is full of fun facts. 59 00:07:11,209 --> 00:07:22,430 For example, all the students pass their exams if they can find the frog in the front of the building. 60 00:07:23,290 --> 00:07:32,670 There is also an astronaut, but how is it possible if the front was built in the 16th century? 61 00:07:32,670 --> 00:07:40,470 In sculpture, one very famous artist was Luisa Roldán. 62 00:07:41,410 --> 00:07:48,910 Also known as La Roldana, she was the first recognized sculptor woman. 63 00:07:50,329 --> 00:07:59,389 Her most important piece is San Miguel Venciendo al Demonio, which we can see in El Escorial. 64 00:07:59,389 --> 00:08:07,839 Finally, music was also important in the Golden Age. 65 00:08:07,839 --> 00:08:14,680 Music for the palace and religious pieces were the typical creations. 66 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:24,800 You are now listening to a piece by Antonio de Cabezón, who was a composer, musician 67 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:29,269 and famous harpist. 68 00:08:29,269 --> 00:08:35,909 As you have seen, the Golden Age was full of amazing artists that developed different 69 00:08:35,909 --> 00:08:42,450 skills and made out of Spain a very cultural place to live in.