1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:06,540 Hi guys, welcome to another video of our channel. Today we are going to talk about World War II by Nora, Sara, Lucia and Victoria. 2 00:00:09,009 --> 00:00:15,689 Causes of World War II. After the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany quest for revenge. 3 00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:23,920 Democracy was very unstable so there was an increase on totalitarian ideologies. 4 00:00:26,980 --> 00:00:32,000 There was a rise of nationalism and militarism. 5 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:41,350 the economic depression of the United States expanded to Europe. 6 00:00:42,509 --> 00:00:46,109 An aggressive military policy was started by totalitarian powers. 7 00:00:47,649 --> 00:00:50,670 In 1932, Japan invaded Manchuria. 8 00:00:52,049 --> 00:00:57,090 Italy annexed Ethiopia in 1935 and Albania in 1939. 9 00:00:58,149 --> 00:01:03,369 Germany annexed Austria and the Seychelles region of Sudetenland in 1938. 10 00:01:03,369 --> 00:01:20,379 Western democracies granted some concessions to the Axis powers with the aim of avoiding global conflict, the spark that led into the war. 11 00:01:20,379 --> 00:01:38,480 Germany invaded Poland the 1st of September of 1939 after signing the Treaty of Molotov-Ribbentrop that was a non-aggression pact and without a previous declaration of war. 12 00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:48,480 Two days later, UK and France declared the war to Germany. 13 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:54,480 Hi, I'm Nora. I'm going to talk about the phase one of the war, called the Victories of the Axis Powers, from 1939 to 1941. 14 00:01:54,480 --> 00:02:00,480 It all started with the tactics that the Germans wanted to carry out, including the Blitzkrieg or Lightning War, 15 00:02:00,480 --> 00:02:07,480 that were based on the use of tanks and planes together, with the intention of winning the war as quickly as possible. 16 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:12,360 possible. These tactics enabled Germany to occupy all the Western Europe until 1940. 17 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:17,879 Germany forced France to sign an armistice, an occupied part of the French territory. 18 00:02:17,879 --> 00:02:22,439 France was classified into Occupied and Free France. The Occupied France was the France of 19 00:02:22,439 --> 00:02:27,000 Vichy, that was led by the General Petit that adopted fascist ideas. The Free France was a 20 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:33,639 resistance movement led by Charles de Gaulle from London. Later on, United Kingdom suffered from 21 00:02:33,639 --> 00:02:42,479 heavy bombing. Germany also conquered territories, in this case in North of Africa and the Balkans 22 00:02:42,479 --> 00:02:51,379 in 1940. They also invaded the USSR in 1941, but they were stopped in Stalingrad from 1942 to 1943. 23 00:02:53,900 --> 00:02:59,819 On the other side, Japan sought to extend its influence in the Pacific, and in 1941 destroyed 24 00:02:59,819 --> 00:03:05,360 the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, a natural harbor in the lagoon of the island of Oahu in 25 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:13,580 Hawaii. This attack brought the U.S. into the war. Phase 2. The war evens out. The 1st of March of 26 00:03:13,580 --> 00:03:23,219 1941, Bulgaria joins the Axis powers. The 6th of April of 1941, Germany, Italy and Hungary invade 27 00:03:23,219 --> 00:03:35,379 Yugoslavia and together with Bulgaria dismember it. Germany and Bulgaria invade 28 00:03:35,379 --> 00:03:43,460 Greece in support of Italians. The 22 of June of 1941 Hitler begins operation 29 00:03:43,460 --> 00:03:48,680 Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans quickly overrun the 30 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:56,759 Baltic states. They lose siege Leningrad by September. The 7th of December of 1941 31 00:03:56,759 --> 00:03:59,199 In 1941, Japan bombs the Pearl Harbor. 32 00:03:59,199 --> 00:04:04,759 The 8th of the same month, the United States declared war on Japan, entering in the World 33 00:04:04,759 --> 00:04:07,280 War II. 34 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:10,280 Germany and the Axis declare war on the United States. 35 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:15,500 In January of 1942, starts the mass murder of Jewish people at Auschwitz. 36 00:04:15,500 --> 00:04:25,420 The 30th of May of 1942, the British bomb, Kohn, was the start of a bombing campaign. 37 00:04:25,420 --> 00:04:31,699 In June of 1942, the U.S. Navy holds the Japanese naval defense in the Central Pacific at Midway. 38 00:04:32,120 --> 00:04:36,420 American naval victory at Battle of Midway marks turning point in the Pacific War. 39 00:04:36,699 --> 00:04:43,939 The 28th of June of 1942, Germany and Axis launch a new offensive in the Soviet Union. 40 00:04:44,220 --> 00:04:49,360 German troops fight their way into Stalingrad by mid-September. 41 00:04:49,360 --> 00:05:00,300 With German forces in North Africa having penetrated Egypt, Germany was at the height 42 00:05:00,300 --> 00:05:05,939 of its military success in World War II. 43 00:05:05,939 --> 00:05:09,620 Germany suffers setbacks at Stalingrad and El Alamein. 44 00:05:09,620 --> 00:05:15,360 The 7th of August of 1942, for the first time, Allied forces go on defensive against Japanese 45 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:18,879 forces. 46 00:05:18,879 --> 00:05:24,540 The 8th of November of 1942, the failure of the Vichy French troops to defend against 47 00:05:24,540 --> 00:05:33,079 invasion enabled the Allies to trigger the German occupation of southern France. 48 00:05:33,079 --> 00:05:40,680 The 23rd of November of 1942, the Soviet troops counterattack, breaking through the Hungarian 49 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:53,779 and Romanian lines northwest and southwest of Stalingrad. 50 00:05:53,779 --> 00:06:00,139 Forbidden by Hitler to retreat or try to break out of the Soviet ring, the survivors of the 51 00:06:00,139 --> 00:06:12,620 Sixth Army surrendered on 3rd of January and 2nd of February of 1933. This army 52 00:06:12,620 --> 00:06:22,759 surrender marks Germany's first major defeat. 1943, the 3rd of May of 1943, Axis 53 00:06:22,759 --> 00:06:28,160 forces in Tunisia surrendered to the Allies ending the North African 54 00:06:28,160 --> 00:06:37,779 campaign. The victory enabled the invasion of Italy. The 10th of July of 1943, US and British 55 00:06:37,779 --> 00:06:46,279 troops land on Sicily. By mid-August, the Allies control Sicily. The 25th of July of 1933, the 56 00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:53,779 fastest Grand Council deposes Benito Mussolini, enable Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio to form 57 00:06:53,779 --> 00:07:01,620 a new government. Italy surrenders but Germany takes over the battle. The 6th of November Soviet 58 00:07:01,620 --> 00:07:09,120 troops liberate Kiev. Phase 3. The Allies turn the tide from 1943 to 1945. The Allies gained 59 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:30,079 advantage in the war after a double offensive in Europe. In the west after the Normandy landings 60 00:07:30,079 --> 00:07:36,399 in 1944 the Allies freed Paris and entered Germany. This was known as the D-Day. In the east 61 00:07:36,399 --> 00:07:41,939 the Red Army of the Soviets occupied several eastern European countries, while partisan 62 00:07:41,939 --> 00:07:52,589 paramilitary units freed Yugoslavia and Albania from Nazis. In April 1945, Mussolini was captured 63 00:07:52,589 --> 00:07:58,370 and executed, and just two days later Hitler committed suicide in Berlin, after the Russian 64 00:07:58,370 --> 00:08:17,209 army entered the city. The US and the USSR put together against Japan because of the invasion 65 00:08:17,209 --> 00:08:23,050 of Manchuria, while U.S. dropped two atomic bombs in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 66 00:08:23,050 --> 00:08:24,149 and Japan surrendered. 67 00:08:24,430 --> 00:08:26,490 This marked the end of World War II. 68 00:08:28,509 --> 00:08:29,189 Consequences 69 00:08:29,189 --> 00:08:33,690 The atomic bomb was delivered from the U.S. military plane Enola Gay. 70 00:08:34,509 --> 00:08:42,690 It exploded at an altitude of 600 meters and released a tremendous and harmful amount of 71 00:08:42,690 --> 00:08:45,250 several radiation and heat rays. 72 00:08:45,250 --> 00:08:51,649 this was the first time using the atomic bomb the number of deaths is estimated to be around 73 00:08:51,649 --> 00:08:58,409 90 000 to 166 000 meanwhile the number of population of hiroshima was between 340 000 74 00:08:58,409 --> 00:09:06,710 to 350 000 the survivors of both were 280 000 people hiroshima was the 6th of august 75 00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:12,570 and nagasaki the 9th of august 40 000 people died immediately consequences the holocaust 76 00:09:12,570 --> 00:09:17,470 or Shoah is the planned and systematic extermination of the Jewish communities in Europe but not only 77 00:09:17,470 --> 00:09:24,830 Jewish but Romani and homosexuals and also disabled people. They were sent to prison camps 78 00:09:24,830 --> 00:09:34,110 and most of them died because of starvation or disease because life was harsh. They were excluded 79 00:09:34,110 --> 00:09:40,190 from public life. The Norman locks were created with the pride use of the German citizenship and 80 00:09:40,190 --> 00:09:45,009 band marriage between Germans and Jews. The ghettos were created and they were closed-off 81 00:09:45,009 --> 00:09:50,649 city neighborhoods where all Jewish residents were required to live together. Extermination 82 00:09:50,649 --> 00:09:56,870 between 1941 and 1945. Germany invaded the USSR. The target was to kill all the Jews they came 83 00:09:56,870 --> 00:10:02,169 across as they advanced eastwards. In January 1942, the final solution was decided and this 84 00:10:02,169 --> 00:10:08,809 was killed Jews by cremation ovens and gas chambers. For example, in Auschwitz-Birkenau, 85 00:10:08,809 --> 00:10:13,210 over a million youths were killed and horrific genetic and medical experiments were carried out. 86 00:10:17,389 --> 00:10:27,830 Peace agreements. Before the war ended, Stalin from USSR, Roosevelt from US and Churchill from UK 87 00:10:27,830 --> 00:10:37,730 met at the Yalta conference in February 1945. The main agreements were that Germany would be 88 00:10:37,730 --> 00:10:46,289 divided into occupation zones and pay for war reparations. Stalin promised to hold free elections 89 00:10:46,289 --> 00:10:53,690 in Europe and USSR would annex eastern Poland and Baltic states. Moving to peace settlement, 90 00:10:53,870 --> 00:10:57,309 the League of Nations was considered a failure since it hadn't prevented the World War II. 91 00:10:58,309 --> 00:11:02,929 Representatives from over 15 countries met at the San Francisco conference in June 1945. 92 00:11:02,929 --> 00:11:11,480 The United Nations were based on international peace and security, right of self-determination 93 00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:19,360 to each nation, individual rights and peaceful cooperation among nations such as UNESCO, UNICEF. 94 00:11:19,360 --> 00:11:29,820 After the war ended, Stalin from USSR, Churchill from UK and Truman from USA met at the Potsdam 95 00:11:29,820 --> 00:11:37,100 conference in july of 1945 the main agreements were that germany was divided into occupation zones 96 00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:45,659 administrated by ussr france usa and uk the number of reparations that germany would have to pay 97 00:11:45,659 --> 00:11:52,379 were determinated and not only money nazi criminals would be tried at the naremberg trial 98 00:11:52,379 --> 00:11:58,379 and poland borders were established human laws at least 60 million people died because of war 99 00:11:58,379 --> 00:12:02,120 Over the half where civilians, USSR suffered the most amount. 100 00:12:02,700 --> 00:12:07,519 A massive displacement of individuals because the liberation of prisoners, changes on borders, 101 00:12:08,139 --> 00:12:09,659 economic consequence. 102 00:12:09,840 --> 00:12:12,279 In Central Europe, communication network had disappeared. 103 00:12:12,539 --> 00:12:17,379 Petroleum was scarred, industrial production reduced, cities, farms and infrastructures 104 00:12:17,379 --> 00:12:18,059 were destroyed. 105 00:12:18,539 --> 00:12:20,419 The war benefited the United States. 106 00:12:20,419 --> 00:12:22,240 It was the main producer of arms to Alice. 107 00:12:22,740 --> 00:12:26,559 To avoid situations like the crash of 1929, the International Monetary Fund and International 108 00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:33,809 Bank for Reconstruction Development were created. Political and territorial changes. Western Europe 109 00:12:33,809 --> 00:12:39,370 lost its political dominance in benefit of the US and USSR. Their relations soon grew tense, 110 00:12:39,450 --> 00:12:47,440 leading to the Cold War. In Western Europe, parliamentary democracy and capitalism were 111 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:52,539 restored, while the Eastern part saw the rise of popular democracies, which in fact were communist 112 00:12:52,539 --> 00:12:57,559 dictatorships now pump it up and back it up like a tonka truck