1 00:00:00,370 --> 00:00:11,070 Hello guys once again and welcome back. Today we will talk about chapter number 4 related to livestock farming and chapter number 5 related to fishing. 2 00:00:11,650 --> 00:00:15,669 We will see the different types of livestock farming and fishing that we have. 3 00:00:16,089 --> 00:00:22,969 But first, just to remind or to review the aspect that we have studied up until now. 4 00:00:22,969 --> 00:00:29,230 For example, related to agriculture, we saw the different factors that affect agriculture. 5 00:00:29,230 --> 00:00:39,149 They could be physical, such as the relief, or the climate, or human, such as the population, the labor, the markets, and so on. 6 00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:50,130 Then, we will mention different factors that are changing nowadays because of the new consumer trends or the new scientific advances. 7 00:00:50,929 --> 00:00:54,270 Then, we mention what is an agricultural landscape. 8 00:00:54,270 --> 00:01:01,030 If you remember, it's a natural area modified by humans, and we saw the different agricultural 9 00:01:01,030 --> 00:01:06,590 landscapes divided into the type of settlement, the plot characteristics, or the cultivation 10 00:01:06,590 --> 00:01:07,590 systems. 11 00:01:07,590 --> 00:01:16,890 And finally, we compare the different agricultural systems, the one related with subsistence 12 00:01:17,609 --> 00:01:24,969 agriculture and the one related to the commercial agriculture with different techniques that we have 13 00:01:24,969 --> 00:01:34,010 so now we are going to start with livestock farming first of all start it with the definition 14 00:01:34,010 --> 00:01:42,329 what is livestock farming livestock farming consists consists of raising domesticated animals 15 00:01:42,329 --> 00:01:49,290 for food and other produced there are a lot of forms of livestock farming 16 00:01:49,930 --> 00:01:53,129 that are influenced by geographical factors 17 00:01:55,370 --> 00:02:02,329 but what we are going to study are the two type of livestock farming that are the most typicals 18 00:02:02,329 --> 00:02:08,490 all around the world we are going to use exactly the same difference that we mentioned with 19 00:02:08,490 --> 00:02:14,430 agriculture we are going to compare the traditional livestock farming against 20 00:02:14,430 --> 00:02:20,250 the commercial livestock farming and we will do exactly the same with fishing so 21 00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:25,650 keep in mind the characteristics are going to be more or less quite similar 22 00:02:25,650 --> 00:02:31,349 so I started with the livestock farming we have the traditional livestock 23 00:02:31,349 --> 00:02:37,490 farming that are produced to feed farmers and their families so with no 24 00:02:37,490 --> 00:02:45,229 commercial purpose maybe maybe if they have a little surplus they can sell the 25 00:02:45,229 --> 00:02:52,949 product in the local market but this is not the main idea the main idea is just 26 00:02:52,949 --> 00:03:01,909 to feed the farmers and their families and it used to complement the arable 27 00:03:01,909 --> 00:03:10,610 farming because the animals are used to work the fields and the dunks are used 28 00:03:10,610 --> 00:03:18,050 to fertilize the land so the dunks excrements are going to be used to 29 00:03:18,050 --> 00:03:25,530 fertilize the crops normally this livestock farming the animals are fed 30 00:03:25,530 --> 00:03:34,030 with leftovers or with the grass that is located close to the farm this kind of 31 00:03:34,030 --> 00:03:41,789 farming is quite typical in tropical regions but also in certain places along 32 00:03:41,789 --> 00:03:49,289 the Mediterranean Sea they could be used as a traditional livestock farming but 33 00:03:49,289 --> 00:03:59,389 sometimes in the source of the Mediterranean Sea also produce any other product for looking 34 00:03:59,389 --> 00:04:09,639 for any kind of benefit for the farmers. 35 00:04:09,639 --> 00:04:18,259 Also in very dry locations close to the Sahara, for example, where arable farming is almost 36 00:04:18,259 --> 00:04:24,420 non-existent we could find nomadic pastoralism 37 00:04:24,420 --> 00:04:30,819 normally these nomadic farmers are taking care of animals such as camel 38 00:04:30,819 --> 00:04:38,819 of goats that they are quite get used to having 39 00:04:38,819 --> 00:04:43,620 this kind of climate climate and there they are 40 00:04:43,620 --> 00:04:52,100 they don't need to to drink water for a long period of time then we have the commercial 41 00:04:52,100 --> 00:04:59,939 livestock farming that is totally different from the traditional one here we are looking for the 42 00:04:59,939 --> 00:05:07,060 highest profit the highest benefit and we have to tie the extensive livestock farming and the 43 00:05:07,060 --> 00:05:14,819 intensive the extensive is carried out in regions with large areas of open land 44 00:05:14,819 --> 00:05:23,300 such as in the United States or in and you're in the Argentina despite the 45 00:05:23,300 --> 00:05:30,819 limit need for labor this requires capital to buy livestock and set up a 46 00:05:30,819 --> 00:05:34,560 a solid commercial structure. 47 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:42,740 On the other hand, we have the intensive livestock farming in highly specialized farms. 48 00:05:42,740 --> 00:05:51,819 We could find this kind of livestock normally in Canada, United States, the Atlantic Europe 49 00:05:51,819 --> 00:05:53,500 and so on. 50 00:05:53,500 --> 00:06:00,620 intensive livestock farming aims to maximize productivity in the shortest time possible. 51 00:06:01,980 --> 00:06:13,339 Normally the animals are housed in buildings or sets in farms and so on. Instead of leftovers 52 00:06:13,339 --> 00:06:23,160 or grass, normally they are fed with specialized animal feed. And one of the problems of this 53 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:29,279 livestock farming is the high pollution that they produce because of the big 54 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:38,819 amount of excrement of dunks cannot be utilized cannot be used but also another 55 00:06:38,819 --> 00:06:45,300 problem is the big amount of water that they need for example for the cattle 56 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:54,819 farming they need very big amount of water and it's an important problem for the consumption 57 00:06:54,819 --> 00:07:01,779 of water for the population here in the picture we can say so we can see the difference between 58 00:07:01,779 --> 00:07:08,980 the extensive and the intensive place of farming for example this one is a dehesa a typical 59 00:07:08,980 --> 00:07:17,779 landscape in spain where in this case the sieves but also we could find cattle or or pigs 60 00:07:19,139 --> 00:07:27,579 are in a big plot of land on the other hand we could see an extensive livestock farming with 61 00:07:27,579 --> 00:07:37,100 chickens that all of their are in a not a big it's a big building but with a big amount of chickens 62 00:07:37,100 --> 00:07:44,300 in this case here we can compare the extensive and the intensive livestock farming related to cattle 63 00:07:45,019 --> 00:07:56,019 and finally also the difference between extensive and intensive related to peak then we are going to 64 00:07:56,019 --> 00:08:04,019 talk a little bit about fishing what is fishing fishing is the method used to extract food 65 00:08:04,019 --> 00:08:14,500 resources from rivers lake seas and oceans the big majority of the catches at about the 80 percent of 66 00:08:14,500 --> 00:08:24,819 the catches is intended for the human conceptions and the rest is for producing oils and fish meal 67 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:33,000 we are going to have three type of fishing the first one is the traditional one 68 00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:40,740 such as the agriculture and the livestock farming that we have mentioned. The artisan 69 00:08:40,740 --> 00:08:50,159 fissile normally is located close to the shore and uses simple fishing gear. We could find this 70 00:08:50,159 --> 00:08:57,320 kind of fishing normally in less developed regions or in less developed countries. They 71 00:08:57,320 --> 00:09:03,019 don't have a commercial purpose normally they are looking just for the local 72 00:09:03,019 --> 00:09:12,259 consumption and if it's possible a small port is sold in local markets but 73 00:09:12,259 --> 00:09:18,419 sometimes in developed countries they are using this kind of fishing for 74 00:09:18,419 --> 00:09:27,299 highly valued species such as the lobsters the langosta the second type of 75 00:09:27,299 --> 00:09:35,460 fishing is the commercial fishing then it's totally to supply markets they are 76 00:09:35,460 --> 00:09:45,899 going to invest a big amount of capital to maintain a large fishing fleet with 77 00:09:45,899 --> 00:09:54,539 the cutting-edge technology the new the new devices that appear to improve the 78 00:09:54,539 --> 00:10:00,899 productivity in the fishing we have three type of commercial fishing the 79 00:10:00,899 --> 00:10:07,500 coastal fishing in a small boat near the coast and they are going to use better 80 00:10:07,500 --> 00:10:16,259 nets and strong fishing lines that the artisanal fishing nets Redis strong 81 00:10:16,259 --> 00:10:24,840 fishing lines serales then we have the deep sea fishing with that is carried 82 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:32,460 out by fleets of large well equipped boats with brothers for examples to 83 00:10:32,460 --> 00:10:44,879 locate the soul of faces normally they have an important refrigeration equipment to preserve 84 00:10:44,879 --> 00:10:54,340 the coaches on board and finally we have the large-scale fishing service it's written season 85 00:10:54,340 --> 00:11:03,139 is fishing here we have a large supply ship to unlock the to unload the catch 86 00:11:03,139 --> 00:11:10,240 when all the catches are prepared for sale and from this boat from this large 87 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:18,399 supply ship we have small boats that are going out to fish and return to the 88 00:11:18,399 --> 00:11:25,600 supplier to give the catches then finally we have to mention another type 89 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:33,519 of fishing that is the aquaculture that is the farming of animal and plant such 90 00:11:33,519 --> 00:11:43,679 as the seaweed in both fresh and salt water the industry leaders include China 91 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:51,179 Indonesia the United States or Japan for example normally this is going to be 92 00:11:51,179 --> 00:11:59,279 located in rivers close to rivers or in the source but where are the main 93 00:11:59,279 --> 00:12:08,879 fishing grounds most fish are caught in certain areas called fishing grounds in 94 00:12:08,879 --> 00:12:18,000 spanish calaveros the most prominent fishing grounds could be found in areas of extensive 95 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:27,200 continental self such as the north sea here can you locate iceland and norway this is the north 96 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:37,440 seer and they have an extensive continental self another fishing ground are in areas which cold 97 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:48,240 and warm sea currents that meet such as in the japan sea in this place right here where the 98 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:58,960 current of Ibo Shibo and Kuro Shibo are meeting and finally in areas near cold sea currents such 99 00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:09,679 as chile or peru but also in namibia and south africa these are the best places for catches 100 00:13:09,679 --> 00:13:18,879 or for fishing so guys with this we are going to finish today and in the next recording i will 101 00:13:18,879 --> 00:13:26,240 start with the forestry and the primary sector in spain so i hope that you are doing well 102 00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:33,879 and having a good time so see you soon guys