1 00:00:25,329 --> 00:00:41,520 Legislative Assembly and the Girondin Convention in France. The Legislative Assembly was the governing body of France that replaced the National Constituent Assembly, which had approved the Constitution. 2 00:00:42,700 --> 00:00:56,899 The Legislative Assembly governated between October 1791 and September 1792. 3 00:00:56,899 --> 00:01:09,230 2. Constituent Assembly and Legislative Assembly. It had constitutional monarchy. The monarchy 4 00:01:09,230 --> 00:01:17,000 was abolished and France became a republic. It had separation of powers. These three came 5 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:25,590 from the Constitution of 1971. It appears the Girondins that represented wealthy people 6 00:01:25,590 --> 00:01:31,290 and the Jacobins that represented petite bourgeoisie. Girondins supported constitutional monarchy 7 00:01:31,290 --> 00:01:35,930 and limited male suffrage. Jacobins, they wanted to abolish monarchy and introduce universal 8 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:52,519 manhood suffrage. It had limited male suffrage. It abolished feudal privileges and tithes to the 9 00:01:52,519 --> 00:02:01,280 clergy. It had equality in the payment of taxes. It confiscated and sold clergy properties. 10 00:02:03,319 --> 00:02:19,469 Jacobins, Sansculots and Girondins. Girondins was the name given to a political party during 11 00:02:19,469 --> 00:02:30,080 French Revolution. It was composed of different deputies of Gironda. They were all mostly from the 12 00:02:30,080 --> 00:02:41,419 bourgeoisie. They first emerged as harsh critics of the court. They were anti-revolutionary priests 13 00:02:42,139 --> 00:02:51,199 and against emigres. They supported foreign wars as a means to unite people behind the cause of 14 00:02:51,199 --> 00:03:22,460 the revolution jacobins it was formed in 1789 by the british deputies to the state general 15 00:03:26,139 --> 00:03:34,280 they were against the monarchy and they wanted to abolish it after the revolutionary assembly moved 16 00:03:34,280 --> 00:04:00,300 to paris they were reconstituted as the society of friends of the constitution they became 17 00:04:00,300 --> 00:04:05,979 identified with extreme egalitarianism and violence which lead the revolutionary government 18 00:04:05,979 --> 00:04:22,480 from mid 1793 to mid 1794 sans culottes they were commonly people from the lower class 19 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:31,209 in the late 18th century their name is due to their clothing and through that to their lower class 20 00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:37,610 culottes were the fashionable silk knee breeches of the 18th century 21 00:04:37,610 --> 00:04:45,209 nobility and bourgeois, and the working-class sans-culottes wore pantalons or trousers instead. 22 00:04:47,370 --> 00:04:52,810 They were against the rich. Sans-culottes believed in the ideology that all men were equal. 23 00:04:53,930 --> 00:05:00,250 Ideally, each citizen would own a piece of property such as farm or shop and no one would 24 00:05:00,250 --> 00:05:14,300 control large enterprises or states. They called for a radical republic based on direct democracy. 25 00:05:14,939 --> 00:05:27,290 and they also wanted to put a tax on the rich people. 26 00:05:27,290 --> 00:05:31,290 The French constitution is approved in 1791. 27 00:05:31,290 --> 00:05:37,439 France happens to be a constitutional monarchy. 28 00:05:37,439 --> 00:05:42,439 This means that the sovereignty resides in the nation and not in the king. 29 00:05:42,439 --> 00:06:04,399 The king, Louis XVI, does not have another option but accept the constitution, 30 00:06:04,399 --> 00:06:07,399 but it starts a plan to recover his power. 31 00:06:07,399 --> 00:06:13,399 The king and the queen try to escape of France during the night, but they are discovered and couched. 32 00:06:13,399 --> 00:06:38,459 France declares the war to Austria and Prussia. 33 00:06:38,459 --> 00:06:43,459 During this war, they created a new parliament, called National Convention. 34 00:06:43,459 --> 00:06:48,839 The new chosen parliament decides to proclaim the republic, 35 00:06:48,839 --> 00:07:31,779 and they condemn Louis XVI and his wife Maria Antonieta to the guillotine for betrayal. 36 00:07:31,779 --> 00:07:33,779 Battles of the Revolution 37 00:07:33,779 --> 00:07:41,779 In Europe, during the 1791 and 1782, due to the overthrow of Louis XVI and his later execution, 38 00:07:41,779 --> 00:07:45,779 different European monarchs flew with the species to France. 39 00:07:45,779 --> 00:07:51,779 This caused that countries tend to unite each other in order to stop the fervor growing in France. 40 00:07:52,779 --> 00:07:56,779 The words, said by Jacques Rousseau, is surely a wish to his enemy, 41 00:07:56,779 --> 00:08:00,779 but they are not going to cut your throat and going to free you from the yoke under which you live. 42 00:08:00,779 --> 00:08:06,459 This, with the death of Plebo the Circle, made war called the law. 43 00:08:06,459 --> 00:08:14,300 On April 20, the Legislative Assembly stayed at home, the war with Austria and Prussia, 44 00:08:14,300 --> 00:08:23,279 and thought about three different commanders to lead the army. 45 00:08:23,279 --> 00:08:34,460 These commanders were, first, Lafayette, Roquembourg, and Le Bré, that led an army that was in 46 00:08:34,460 --> 00:08:42,120 a partless state due to the revolution that happened before. 47 00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:53,940 On May, due to the bad army and the bad strategy, the Battle of Belgium ended in disaster, which 48 00:08:53,940 --> 00:09:00,059 made French troops martyr their own generals and left Belgium, leaving Austrian and Prussian 49 00:09:00,059 --> 00:09:13,759 troops in the doors of Paris. 50 00:09:13,759 --> 00:09:19,120 On July 25th, the Duke of Brunswick issued his famous provocative manifesto, written 51 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:38,649 in Paris. Then, four weeks later, after the four weeks that passed, the alleys led by 52 00:09:38,649 --> 00:09:45,950 the Duke of Brunswick breached France. They crossed the borders, overrun Longueuil and 53 00:09:45,950 --> 00:09:55,710 Verdun. These streets caused the yawn of August 12th and the massacre of prisoners in September. 54 00:09:55,710 --> 00:10:04,269 As Paris looked lost, Dumouriez instigated an effective manoeuvre which slowed the army. 55 00:10:04,269 --> 00:10:13,669 It consisted on the Austro-Prussian army leading Balmy and the French troops will flank them. 56 00:10:13,669 --> 00:10:22,009 This ended in the Battle of Balmy, which resulted in a perfect win for France. 57 00:10:22,009 --> 00:10:33,230 The painting of M.A. Jean-August Belmette commemorates the winning of the French Symphony, which was a turning point for French forces and was one of the most important victories in French history.