1 00:00:01,459 --> 00:00:10,460 Hola hola, good day to everybody, hello guys, we are going to see the water on earth in this video 2 00:00:10,460 --> 00:00:20,460 so I try to be quick and we are going to see the unit 3, as you know this unit 3 for us is unit 9 3 00:00:20,460 --> 00:00:36,460 And it's a very interesting unit as we are going to see how our planet has water on the surface or underground, the oceans and the sea. 4 00:00:36,460 --> 00:00:43,460 So I will start with the first point, the Blue Planet. 5 00:00:43,460 --> 00:00:47,460 Why we call our planet the Blue Planet? 6 00:00:47,460 --> 00:00:58,460 Okay, basically, as we saw in the Unit 1, the Earth and the Universe, our planet is called the Blue Planet. 7 00:00:58,460 --> 00:01:11,459 If you remember the speech of Carl Sagan, when they saw the Earth from a long, long distance in the Universe, it was called a pale blue dot, that is called our home. 8 00:01:11,459 --> 00:01:39,620 Well, basically, why is it blue? Well, our planet, 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, so the color that we can see out of the planet is blue, but despite the fact that 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, there's only 0.02% is Earth mass. 9 00:01:39,620 --> 00:01:47,859 so it's a very small percentage of the mass of the earth as well our planet is the only planet 10 00:01:47,859 --> 00:01:56,900 in the solar system who has a permanent supply of liquid water okay all the amount of the whole 11 00:01:56,900 --> 00:02:01,219 water in the planet is called the hydrosphere i'm gonna put this 12 00:02:01,219 --> 00:02:10,900 and it's gonna be easier for you to see what I'm saying. So the hydrosphere includes the 13 00:02:10,900 --> 00:02:18,280 oceans and seas, okay? And the inland water. What is the oceans and seas? Oceans and seas 14 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:24,900 is 90% of the Earth's water and this is salt water. That is not a drinkable water, but 15 00:02:24,900 --> 00:02:29,659 It's the most water that we have in the world. 16 00:02:31,139 --> 00:02:36,599 On the other hand, the inland water is just only 3% of the water in the world 17 00:02:36,599 --> 00:02:41,580 and it's fresh water, as we call in Spanish, agua dulce, 18 00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:44,099 and it's essential for life. 19 00:02:44,219 --> 00:02:45,719 It's water that is drinkable. 20 00:02:46,300 --> 00:02:49,639 So without that water, we cannot survive. 21 00:02:50,159 --> 00:02:54,000 And it only represents 3% of the total water in the planet. 22 00:02:54,639 --> 00:03:02,000 It's amazing, don't you think? Because it depends only on a small percentage of the total water. 23 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:09,919 How we can find the water in the hydrosphere? Solid, liquid or gas? When it's solid? Obviously 24 00:03:09,919 --> 00:03:20,159 in the places where the water gets a congelation state, okay? That is in ice, in the glaciers, 25 00:03:20,159 --> 00:03:25,680 on the top of the mountains in the poles north pole south pole that is the solid water we can 26 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:34,080 find in a liquid state in the aquifers underground we are going to see a point related with that 27 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:41,759 the aquifers is where the water goes through the ground and make big big deposits under the ground 28 00:03:41,759 --> 00:03:46,759 We can find the water in lakes and in rivers. 29 00:03:46,759 --> 00:03:51,759 All those three liquid states usually is fresh water, agua dulce. 30 00:03:51,759 --> 00:03:53,759 So it's water that we can drink. 31 00:03:53,759 --> 00:04:00,759 On the other hand, the oceans and seas is liquid state, but we cannot use this water for consumption. 32 00:04:00,759 --> 00:04:04,759 It represents the oceans and seas. 33 00:04:04,759 --> 00:04:13,139 As well, we can find the water in the gaseous state, in the atmosphere, in water vapor. 34 00:04:13,139 --> 00:04:19,639 That is interesting because the water has a cycle where the water pass through the liquid 35 00:04:19,639 --> 00:04:28,879 state to the gaseous state and later on pass again to liquid state and have or suffer congelation 36 00:04:28,879 --> 00:04:37,040 and stay on the top of the mountains after the hot or warm seasons like summer or spring melt 37 00:04:37,040 --> 00:04:47,720 and goes again to be liquid that is called the the water the water cycle okay as you can see here 38 00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:55,560 the water on the top of the mountains snow melt goes to the river and lakes and end in the seas 39 00:04:55,560 --> 00:05:04,259 suffer evaporation it goes to the clouds condense condensation and after that rain and go back to 40 00:05:04,259 --> 00:05:11,639 the top of the mountain okay so the water is like in a cycle the water never disappear from from 41 00:05:11,639 --> 00:05:21,360 our from our system and probably the the molecules of the water is coming back from the is they are 42 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:34,079 we keep them from millions and millions years ago okay here you can see the water cycle evaporation 43 00:05:34,079 --> 00:05:43,600 is when the when the water cycle begins the heat of the Sun makes that the water goes from the 44 00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:49,920 earth surface to the into the atmosphere condensation up in that it forms clouds 45 00:05:51,040 --> 00:06:01,120 that later on that become precipitation that clouds across the skies fall down or fell back 46 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:07,519 down to the earth's surface it forms like rain snow or hail remember hail is the word that we 47 00:06:07,519 --> 00:06:15,199 use in english to say granizo and after the precipitations the journey continues again 48 00:06:15,199 --> 00:06:24,449 one and again and again that is called the water cycle and it's important to understand 49 00:06:25,810 --> 00:06:36,129 how the hydrosphere is always with water now we are going to go deep into the oceans and seas 50 00:06:36,129 --> 00:06:45,009 We can make a difference between oceans and seas. 51 00:06:45,009 --> 00:06:46,970 What is an ocean? 52 00:06:46,970 --> 00:06:49,930 Basically the difference is the size. 53 00:06:49,930 --> 00:06:58,709 Oceans are large bodies of salt water between the continents. 54 00:06:58,709 --> 00:07:01,790 These oceans, we can identify five oceans. 55 00:07:01,790 --> 00:07:04,189 You can see in the map that you have in your screen. 56 00:07:04,189 --> 00:07:12,189 We have the Atlantic Ocean near our country or our territory, Spain, we have the Pacific 57 00:07:12,189 --> 00:07:20,689 Ocean, Indian Ocean, we have the Arctic Oceans in the north and Southern Oceans in the south. 58 00:07:20,689 --> 00:07:27,029 On the other hand, the seas are smaller bodies of salt water and we identify three types. 59 00:07:27,029 --> 00:07:35,589 We have the continental seas, like the Mediterranean Sea, as you can see, it's between or among 60 00:07:35,589 --> 00:07:42,100 some two continents, in this case Africa and Europe. 61 00:07:42,100 --> 00:07:49,019 We have the coastal seas, like the Caribbean Sea, because it's a sea that at the same time 62 00:07:49,019 --> 00:07:51,420 is inside an ocean, okay? 63 00:07:51,420 --> 00:07:57,800 The Caribbean Sea is just the part of the Atlantic Ocean between Mexico, Cuba, Puerto 64 00:07:57,800 --> 00:08:06,199 because Jamaica this is a coastal sea and we have the inland seas like the black sea that is totally 65 00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:11,639 inside the continents the difference between the continental species that they have 66 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:19,639 some parts that connect the sea with the ocean but in the other hand the coastal sea the inland seas 67 00:08:19,639 --> 00:08:30,759 sorry they don't have any any part to connect with the with an ocean okay grab here what i already 68 00:08:30,759 --> 00:08:39,960 said um and this is important now we are gonna see deep in the oceans why because we need to know 69 00:08:40,679 --> 00:08:46,759 what how the oceans have movements and what are the oceans currents 70 00:08:46,759 --> 00:08:51,360 In Spanish, we can say that the oceans move like the movements of the ocean. 71 00:08:52,639 --> 00:09:00,259 That is, all the movements of how the water moves through the oceans and what consequences they have for us. 72 00:09:00,519 --> 00:09:02,879 Which consequences they have for us. 73 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:07,259 And the ocean currents, we can translate as the ocean currents. 74 00:09:07,779 --> 00:09:12,200 Which are those movements, how we identify them. 75 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:19,559 Okay, first we are going to speak about the ocean's movements. 76 00:09:19,559 --> 00:09:26,120 The oceans are constantly moving and we are going to see the causes that create or causes 77 00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:28,120 that those movements. 78 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:34,399 In the first, firstly we have the gravitational pull of the moon. 79 00:09:34,399 --> 00:09:37,000 We already show how the moon affect the water. 80 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:50,440 water has a very thin mass and it's affected by the moon. How they are affected? The tides 81 00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:56,120 are the regular changes in the sea levels. We already know how the tide can be high tide when 82 00:09:56,120 --> 00:10:05,320 the water goes inside the continent or the land and the low tides when the water retire from the 83 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:13,000 land and goes far away to the ocean. The explanation of that is the position of the moon. 84 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:22,039 Every day we have two high tides when the earth is facing the moon and when it's facing away. 85 00:10:22,039 --> 00:10:27,879 Why facing away? Because if it's facing away that means that in other parts of the world 86 00:10:27,879 --> 00:10:36,279 is facing the moon so or is not having that attraction so the water comes to other part 87 00:10:36,919 --> 00:10:42,919 okay so if it's moving from one side that means that affect to the other part of the earth 88 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:51,000 that's why we have two high tides and two low tides what else affect the movements of the oceans 89 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:57,639 the next two are very very easy and simple and simple okay there are we are going to see the 90 00:10:57,639 --> 00:11:04,840 wind the wind is moving the surface of the sand on the sea we if you have visited the 91 00:11:05,879 --> 00:11:12,600 the sea and the seashore you will see the waves the waves are moving because of the wind okay 92 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:24,360 as much as stronger is the wind the waves increase their height and the other way how the oceans move 93 00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:32,840 is the tectonic plates we show in the last unit how the tectonic plates affect to the earth to 94 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:40,759 create earthquakes and those earthquakes can be called tsunamis and affect the waves that arrive 95 00:11:40,759 --> 00:11:48,600 to our shore by the way the word shore i hope everybody knows that in spanish is orilla 96 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:50,919 okay seashore es la orilla del mar 97 00:11:59,320 --> 00:12:02,440 we are going to carry on and we are going to see what is the 98 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:06,600 ocean currents and this is this is very interesting 99 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:16,759 i think because the ocean currents are the permanent flows of water that circulate like 100 00:12:16,759 --> 00:12:36,860 rivers through the oceans and seas one second okay so the we are gonna see how the currents 101 00:12:36,860 --> 00:12:44,539 the ocean currents happen okay the ocean currents as i already said are permanent flows of water 102 00:12:45,100 --> 00:12:50,379 that circulate like rivers through the oceans and seas what that means okay the 103 00:12:50,379 --> 00:12:59,179 essence currents are like small roads that are in the oceans you have to think that the oceans are 104 00:12:59,179 --> 00:13:08,740 a massive amount of water inside these amounts of water these currents that we 105 00:13:08,740 --> 00:13:22,159 can use for the navigation purposes for example in Christopher Columbus times he 106 00:13:22,159 --> 00:13:32,539 arrived to America, to the continent, to the new continent, they start using these 107 00:13:32,539 --> 00:13:38,159 currents to move the boat between two continents, okay? That it was called the 108 00:13:38,159 --> 00:13:46,480 Tornaviaje. We see in the map how Spain, as you can see, there are a circle, 109 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:52,759 circular current that if you take the current from this part where is Canary 110 00:13:52,759 --> 00:13:59,100 Island the simple current moves you to the America and if you want to back the 111 00:13:59,100 --> 00:14:05,159 current will move again to the Canary Island as well happened in Africa the 112 00:14:05,159 --> 00:14:12,100 first sailors that started using that technique they were the 113 00:14:12,100 --> 00:14:19,299 Portuguese sailors okay and it was called the Tornaviaje so that is how the 114 00:14:19,299 --> 00:14:26,419 currents works nowadays we know that the currents give us or affect us for the 115 00:14:26,419 --> 00:14:33,600 weather as well how affect the weather okay as you see the red arrow are warm 116 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:41,700 water okay and the blue arrow it's cold water the temperature of the ocean or 117 00:14:41,700 --> 00:14:49,139 the sea near the coast affect the continent or the area near the coast where the warm current 118 00:14:49,779 --> 00:15:01,639 arrive to a place to a to the coast this area experience high temperatures and more rainfall 119 00:15:01,639 --> 00:15:10,679 okay are areas they are areas with a lot of precipitation so a lot of in the other hand the 120 00:15:10,679 --> 00:15:16,519 cold currents experience low temperatures and dry weather okay as you can see here in chile 121 00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:27,559 the coast of chile is very dry because the water is cold okay so that is how effect the hot 122 00:15:27,559 --> 00:15:35,159 temperate the hot temperature of the water brings rain and the cold temperature of the water brings 123 00:15:35,159 --> 00:15:43,980 drier weather. As you can see here in England, this hot water is coming from the Caribbean 124 00:15:43,980 --> 00:15:56,470 island straight to the English island and that is why it is so rainy. As well, what 125 00:15:56,470 --> 00:16:01,690 affects or what moves that currents, especially the earth movements. As you know, the earth 126 00:16:01,690 --> 00:16:10,330 is moving all the time, rotation movement, and that helps the currents to move. 127 00:16:10,330 --> 00:16:16,190 The sun energy, the sun warms the water and makes it move. 128 00:16:16,190 --> 00:16:26,049 As I already said in class, the warm water is lighter than the cold water and that allows 129 00:16:26,049 --> 00:16:34,389 to move and to help the cold water to occupy the space that the hot water left. 130 00:16:34,389 --> 00:16:40,289 The position and the shape of the continents as well help to the movement of the currents 131 00:16:40,289 --> 00:16:46,029 and the underwater landforms, you know that under the oceans there are massive continents 132 00:16:46,029 --> 00:16:54,190 that help to this movement, the winds and that are the factors that influence. 133 00:16:54,190 --> 00:17:01,509 As you can see in this scheme that I did, the ocean currents have a significant effect 134 00:17:01,509 --> 00:17:04,309 on climates around the world. 135 00:17:04,309 --> 00:17:13,230 Now we are going to see the next point is the inland water. 136 00:17:13,230 --> 00:17:20,170 Inland water is the opposite to the oceans and seawater, is the water that we can find 137 00:17:20,170 --> 00:17:27,289 the surface of the continents okay apart of the oceans and seas we have another water and then we 138 00:17:27,289 --> 00:17:35,130 have the surface water that is represented in lakes and rivers we have the ice represented 139 00:17:35,130 --> 00:17:41,930 in glaciers ice flows and permafrost and the ground water that is in spanish depositos 140 00:17:41,930 --> 00:17:53,799 Subterraneos. Okay I will go to the surface water and we have the rivers. What is a river? A river 141 00:17:53,799 --> 00:18:01,559 is a permanent flow of water that moves over the earth surface downwards and towards the sea. So 142 00:18:01,559 --> 00:18:07,319 basically it's water that is coming from the mountains, it's born in the mountains or in the 143 00:18:07,319 --> 00:18:16,559 springs later on we are going to see what is a spring and goes to the sea the rivers not only 144 00:18:16,559 --> 00:18:23,200 goes to the sea as well can go to another river and is when it's called a tributary in spanish 145 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:31,150 everybody knows what is a tributary can you tell me what is a tributary okay i will tell you tributary 146 00:18:31,150 --> 00:18:40,670 is a fluente okay when a river goes to another river is an affluente of the the other river 147 00:18:41,470 --> 00:18:49,819 at least it's tributary um a river have a course that is the amount of water that it takes to the 148 00:18:50,460 --> 00:18:56,140 through the land it could be a regular if the flow is the same through the year or irregular 149 00:18:56,140 --> 00:19:02,220 if there are variations what is the what is happening in spain in spain most of the rivers 150 00:19:02,220 --> 00:19:11,099 are irregular and you can ask to yourself why that is easy and simple in spain we have a very very 151 00:19:11,099 --> 00:19:19,099 very heavy summer okay in summer have a very high temperature and that makes that the water 152 00:19:19,099 --> 00:19:27,099 evaporate and we have a lack of rain during the months of june july august and the rivers 153 00:19:27,099 --> 00:19:35,740 that time of the year start being start being dry and that's why it's irregular after that in autumn 154 00:19:35,740 --> 00:19:44,940 winter and spring maybe the flow increase but in this in the normally summer it's like that 155 00:19:44,940 --> 00:20:03,079 Okay. What is a lake? Lakes is when the water accumulates in the land because of the type 156 00:20:03,079 --> 00:20:12,700 of floor where the water goes. This water is coming from, wait a moment, is coming from 157 00:20:12,700 --> 00:20:24,750 precipitation rivers or groundwater and basically the lakes are fresh water that we can drink 158 00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:30,109 we have a population in Spain we have several lakes where 159 00:20:32,430 --> 00:20:39,470 where we can have a deposit of water for the consumption of the humans 160 00:20:39,470 --> 00:20:53,579 okay that is the surface water now we are gonna go to see the the ice the ice is almost the 70% 161 00:20:53,579 --> 00:21:00,920 of the earth's water so that's only this 3% of the water that we can drink the 70% of them is 162 00:21:00,920 --> 00:21:12,559 frozen that is amazing don't you think so we just can use 3% but the most of those of that 3% is 163 00:21:12,559 --> 00:21:20,480 frozen. How is it frozen? In glaciers, ice floes and permafrost. Glaciers are the 164 00:21:20,480 --> 00:21:26,380 large masses of ice and they are moving across the Earth's surface. Where 165 00:21:26,380 --> 00:21:31,160 are located the glaciers? The top of the mountains, in places where the 166 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:37,880 temperatures are very low. When it's a warm season usually they melt, a part of 167 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:46,119 them and goes for us some most of them goes to the oceans as well okay because of the warming 168 00:21:46,119 --> 00:21:55,079 the warming the alert of warming temperature of the earth the glaciers are being lost at some 169 00:21:55,079 --> 00:22:04,039 point so we have to try the earth don't increase the temperature to save them we have the ice flows 170 00:22:04,039 --> 00:22:12,920 as well this like like largest section of floating ice that um that it's mostly in the arctic ice in 171 00:22:12,920 --> 00:22:18,519 the arctic and in the antarctic so in the north pole and the south pole and they are floating 172 00:22:18,519 --> 00:22:26,440 on the oceans okay of course as it happens with the glaciers they are bigger during the winter 173 00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:35,339 and smaller during the summer and we have the permafrost that is the frozen floor that 174 00:22:36,380 --> 00:22:45,829 It is not possible to have agriculture there and it is frozen during the whole year. 175 00:22:45,829 --> 00:22:53,490 This is how the water is kept in the solid state and in the very low temperature. 176 00:22:53,490 --> 00:22:59,930 The last concentration of water that we are going to see is the groundwater. 177 00:22:59,930 --> 00:23:06,190 And the groundwater is when the rain goes to the floor and has an infiltration through 178 00:23:06,190 --> 00:23:14,750 the stones or through the ground, just sand and gravel and form a deposit called aquifer. 179 00:23:14,750 --> 00:23:23,529 Those aquifers we can use at some point, it's fresh water and it's not seen at the simple 180 00:23:23,529 --> 00:23:24,529 view. 181 00:23:24,529 --> 00:23:33,809 It's 30% of the earth fresh water, so as you can see the lakes and the river represent 182 00:23:33,809 --> 00:23:44,289 very very small percentage um and depending on the type of rock this this aquifers has different form 183 00:23:45,730 --> 00:23:52,289 because there are rocks that allow the filtration the infiltration and some of them just allow 184 00:23:52,289 --> 00:23:57,250 through the cracks okay for la grietas de la roca el agua se introduce 185 00:23:57,250 --> 00:24:04,650 the aquifer. When the aquifer becomes saturated, as you can read, they have to be broke and 186 00:24:04,650 --> 00:24:12,049 the water has to go out at some point and that is called spring. Spring in Spanish is 187 00:24:12,049 --> 00:24:25,470 un manantial. You can see there are a lot of rivers that are coming from the springs 188 00:24:25,470 --> 00:24:36,109 they form in the mountain from the aquifer okay and that will be the last inland water that we 189 00:24:36,109 --> 00:24:44,910 can find i'm gonna recapitulate we are gonna go to the top we already see the surface water 190 00:24:44,910 --> 00:24:52,750 form of lakes and rivers the ice water in from in form of glaciers and ice flows and permafrost 191 00:24:52,750 --> 00:25:01,950 and the groundwater that is represented in aquifers and the last point is the water hazards 192 00:25:07,390 --> 00:25:19,390 the water can has some hazards okay unfortunately the water can be scarce at some point you know 193 00:25:19,390 --> 00:25:31,529 scarce is falta de agua. We have another hazard, another peligro that the water can give us 194 00:25:31,529 --> 00:25:41,400 that is the floods. The floods are responsible of the 40% of human loss caused by natural 195 00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:54,599 hazards we have a very brief summary of human loss by natural causes can be the 196 00:25:54,599 --> 00:26:02,440 earthquakes the hurricanes the tsunamis but the water the floods are responsible 197 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:10,259 for 40% actually the tsunamis can create floods and usually occur around the river 198 00:26:10,259 --> 00:26:18,259 banks las orillas de los rios and coastlines areas okay and that's why because the human being 199 00:26:18,819 --> 00:26:27,700 lives near the coast mostly um in our country in spain the mediterranean rivers usually in summer 200 00:26:27,700 --> 00:26:35,140 and in autumn sorry in autumn and spring they suffer that increases that are not or cannot 201 00:26:35,140 --> 00:26:43,380 be controlled by the human and this water goes out the riverbank and affects the humans. 202 00:26:43,380 --> 00:26:48,799 Another hazard of the water is the drafts, that is the opposite, there is a significant 203 00:26:48,799 --> 00:26:55,779 decrease in rainfall and that can lead to something called desertification, desertification 204 00:26:55,779 --> 00:27:06,740 can be caused by the lack of water and how the human being use the water without any control. 205 00:27:07,619 --> 00:27:12,740 Okay, the ground that lost fertility is unproductive for agricultural use 206 00:27:14,420 --> 00:27:21,220 and as it cannot produce food, it's a problem for the humans. 207 00:27:21,220 --> 00:27:31,079 Okay, and that's all, I hope this presentation is gonna be useful for you to answer the questions. 208 00:27:31,079 --> 00:27:42,880 You will find a test in this part of the aula virtual, so you just need to go there, check 209 00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:49,279 it and if you have any question, please don't hesitate to ask me. 210 00:27:49,279 --> 00:27:57,119 I hope it can be funny if you enjoy this presentation and I will upload the presentation as well 211 00:27:57,119 --> 00:28:03,240 because if maybe you didn't understand any word that you can say, that I could say, maybe 212 00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:11,480 because of my English or whatever, you can find the presentation near the exam, ok? 213 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:16,759 Thank you very much for your attention, I hope you enjoy and bye bye bye bye bye, adios!