1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:09,720 Did you know that men could produce 500,000 spermatozoa during their whole life? Or that 2 00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:15,960 their penis could be reduced nearly two centimeters because of tobacco? And also 3 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:24,600 penis could break. We're going to learn many things interesting about the male reproductive 4 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:41,429 system we're gonna focus today on the reproductive systems for male and for females you need to know 5 00:00:41,429 --> 00:00:48,630 that for both of them we have organs that we call gonads and we have cells that we call gametes 6 00:00:48,630 --> 00:00:53,909 if you are thinking for example of the espermatozoa and the ovum you are thinking of the cell 7 00:00:53,909 --> 00:01:00,549 but if you are thinking of the different parts like the testes or the ovaries you are thinking 8 00:01:00,549 --> 00:01:06,549 of the gonads. With that, we start with point number three, male reproductive system. 9 00:01:14,870 --> 00:01:21,109 In the male reproductive system, we have gonads and we have ganads. Which one are the gonads of 10 00:01:21,109 --> 00:01:26,150 the male reproductive system? The testes, which in Spanish we call them testiculos. 11 00:01:26,150 --> 00:01:32,150 These are going to be the principal part of the male reproductive system. 12 00:01:32,150 --> 00:01:37,150 Why? Because the function of them is the production of spermatozoa. 13 00:01:37,150 --> 00:01:44,150 Remember that reproduction, the main thing is that we have new individuals in our species. 14 00:01:44,150 --> 00:01:52,150 So, the male needs to produce them, the spermatozoa, to get joined with the ovum. 15 00:01:52,150 --> 00:01:54,150 So, this is the function. 16 00:01:54,150 --> 00:02:11,150 Also, how is it made of? It is formed by some tubes, which we call seminiferous tubes, and they produce, on one side, spermatozoa, the gametes, the sexual cells, and androgens. 17 00:02:11,150 --> 00:02:23,150 Androgens are sexual hormones. For example, testosterone, that we studied when we saw the endocrine system, is part of these sexual hormones. 18 00:02:23,150 --> 00:02:36,150 The testes are very delicate, they need to be taken care of, so they are covered by a layer of skin which is called the scrotum. 19 00:02:36,150 --> 00:02:46,150 However, this spermatozoa cannot get outside without any system that will carry them from the testes inside the female body. 20 00:02:46,150 --> 00:02:49,150 How do they do that? By the reproductive tract. 21 00:02:49,150 --> 00:02:56,150 The reproductive tract, they are going to be all the different vessels and all the different tubes 22 00:02:56,150 --> 00:02:59,150 that are going to connect the testes with the outside world. 23 00:02:59,150 --> 00:03:02,150 We have three different types. 24 00:03:02,150 --> 00:03:05,150 We have the epididymis. 25 00:03:05,150 --> 00:03:11,150 The function of the epididymis is going to be the migration of the spermatozoa. 26 00:03:11,150 --> 00:03:18,590 continuing the way from the testes to the outside we have the ductus deferens 27 00:03:19,150 --> 00:03:25,310 in the ductus deferens the spermatozoa which are mature are going to be stored and they are going 28 00:03:25,310 --> 00:03:34,110 to wait there until they need to get out the final tube is the urethra we sew it in the urinary 29 00:03:34,110 --> 00:03:41,789 system in the male it has a the same tube the one that take the urine out of the body and the 30 00:03:41,789 --> 00:03:49,069 spermatozoa out the urethra is the last part and it takes the spermatozoa out of the body 31 00:03:50,669 --> 00:03:56,110 although the penis is the part that we see from the male reproductive system as you have seen 32 00:03:56,110 --> 00:04:03,550 it's not the only part that we have but how is the penis made of imagine that we cut the penis 33 00:04:03,550 --> 00:04:12,430 in half okay and we see it the inside of it we'll see something like the outer layer will be a layer 34 00:04:12,430 --> 00:04:20,670 of skin then we have a layer of connective tissue which is going to give support to the penis and 35 00:04:20,670 --> 00:04:28,350 inside we have three different tubes these two the corpora cavernosa are those ones which are 36 00:04:28,350 --> 00:04:36,350 the erectile tissue those ones are the ones that can provoke duration because here are full of 37 00:04:36,350 --> 00:04:46,189 blood vessels and when the blood gets into the corpora cavernosa the penis is going to get bigger 38 00:04:46,189 --> 00:04:55,310 and it's going to be erectile these two underneath we have a spongy tissue which recovers the urethra 39 00:04:55,310 --> 00:05:03,870 and as we said in the urethra is the tube that the red soa are going to pass by to get outside 40 00:05:05,230 --> 00:05:12,430 also in the penis at the end of the penis there are two parts we have the glands the glands is the 41 00:05:13,470 --> 00:05:21,870 most upper part of the penis and usually is recovered but is covered by the foreskin 42 00:05:21,870 --> 00:05:27,629 which in Spanish is called prepucio. In some cultures, like for example Jewish culture, 43 00:05:27,629 --> 00:05:35,790 it's a tradition that they have to cut the foreskin when the baby is born. In our tradition 44 00:05:35,790 --> 00:05:44,589 in Spain, we don't have that tradition, most of us, but what happens if the man can have problems 45 00:05:44,589 --> 00:05:54,430 if the foreskin doesn't go backwards enough and in this case the doctor will have to cut the foreskin 46 00:05:55,870 --> 00:06:01,949 in the male reproductive system there are also some gland accessory glands which are responsible 47 00:06:01,949 --> 00:06:08,670 to produce some substances which are going to help the espermatozoa to get to the ovum 48 00:06:08,670 --> 00:06:15,069 we have three different glands, we have the seminal vesicles, the prostate and the copper glands 49 00:06:15,949 --> 00:06:22,910 the seminal vesicles are behind the bladder, they are going to produce spermatic fluid 50 00:06:22,910 --> 00:06:30,350 and this spermatic fluid is a substance which is going to have nutrients for the sperm 51 00:06:30,350 --> 00:06:37,230 remember that spermatozoa are cells, we have gametes which are cells and these cells need 52 00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:43,870 to get some energy to travel to go swimming up to the oval so these nutrients come from the 53 00:06:43,870 --> 00:06:52,110 spermatic fluid the prostate is below the bladder it's going to secrete prostatic fluid what does 54 00:06:52,110 --> 00:06:58,110 it do it protects against against the vagina's acidity the vagina we're going to see it when 55 00:06:58,110 --> 00:07:05,149 we study the female reproductive system is a very acid place because it's open to the outside world 56 00:07:05,149 --> 00:07:13,310 and we cannot get bacteria viruses get inside the the reproductive system get to the ovaries and 57 00:07:13,310 --> 00:07:20,670 have a chaos there to do so there is an acid environment where bacteria cannot survive 58 00:07:20,670 --> 00:07:25,790 but if bacteria cannot survive espermatozoa will die also when they get into the vagina 59 00:07:26,350 --> 00:07:32,750 how is it sorted out with this prostatic fluid this prostatic fluid gives this protection against 60 00:07:32,750 --> 00:07:39,949 this vagina's acidity the copper glands are on the base of the penis they are going to create 61 00:07:39,949 --> 00:07:48,189 a lubricating fluid what is the purpose of this lubricating fluid if we have a sexual intercourse 62 00:07:48,189 --> 00:07:55,629 meaning male and female get together then we need some fluids that are going to help the 63 00:07:55,629 --> 00:08:04,269 penis get into the vagina if that doesn't happen then it soars a female don't want to have sex 64 00:08:04,269 --> 00:08:12,430 men will be hurt also how do we sort it out with lubrification there's a lot of lubrification in 65 00:08:12,430 --> 00:08:19,310 the vagina but also the penis has its own lubrificating fluid which are the copper glands 66 00:08:19,310 --> 00:08:26,850 now with all the information that you have we have seen that the testes produce the spermatozoa 67 00:08:26,850 --> 00:08:33,490 and we have some accessory glands that produce other fluids with all that mix we have the semen 68 00:08:33,490 --> 00:08:39,850 the semen maybe you thought it was all the spermatozoa there but no they are not actually 69 00:08:39,850 --> 00:08:47,629 only 10 percent of the semen are spermatozoa are cells that are going to travel to the ovum 70 00:08:47,629 --> 00:09:17,509 The rest of it, what is it? 90% are nutrients. We say that the spermatozoa are living cells and they need nutrients, basically glucose, glucose to survive. We have neutralizing substances. If we do not have these neutralizing substances, the spermatozoa are going to die when they enter the vagina and also a mucous lubricant to facilitate the sexual intercourse. 71 00:09:18,590 --> 00:09:24,669 Now you're gonna make a very beautiful drawing of the spermatozoa. Remember that you need to 72 00:09:24,669 --> 00:09:32,830 do the drawing also of all the sexual reproductive system and see you next day!