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All right, so how do you think you did?

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Well, your mathematical computations and reasoning are going to be important skills to answering

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the questions.

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And speaking of questions, here with me now to answer some student questions are Dick

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and Hugh.

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So let's go to Washington, D.C., and meet up with a group of students from 14 schools

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that are spending a day with their adoptive business partner, the FAA, in a special event

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recognizing the 95th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' first flight.

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On the stage, we have some important leaders to our country in transportation research,

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and I'd like to take a moment to introduce our viewers to them.

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First, we have Mr. Rodney Slater, Secretary of the Department of Transportation.

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We also have Mrs. Jane Garvey, who is the head of the FAA.

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And we have Mr. Daniel Golden, the head of NASA, who also has a very special message

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for our viewers.

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Mr. Golden.

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Hi, Mr. Golden.

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Hi, Mr. Golden.

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I understand you have some words for us, for our viewers.

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Yes.

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I hope all the students here in Washington and around the country, 700,000 of them, see

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the kind of tools we use at the FAA to make planes fly safer, at NASA to send the shuttle

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into space, and they understand that these are real tools and they're going to learn

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how to use them.

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And they also understand that if they understand how to use these tools, they'll have good

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jobs when they grow up, and they'll be able to lead our country.

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Mr. Golden, thank you.

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Those are very good words for our viewers.

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And now, beside Secretary Slater and Mrs. Garvey, is a student whom they will introduce.

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They will have a question for our researchers back here in the studio.

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So, Mr. Slater, will you introduce your guest, please?

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Yes.

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Thank you, Dr. Kenwright.

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Let me just say that I'm here next to Anthony Marino, and we were listening and saying,

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These are some good questions, I'll tell you.

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Well, Anthony is a student at the Tuckahoe Elementary School, and he actually has a question

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that he'd like to ask.

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Anthony?

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Thank you.

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My question is, how did we navigate before GPS?

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Oh, all right.

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Good question.

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And let's see, who'd like to answer that?

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All right, Hugh, all right.

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That's a really good question, because before GPS, people did navigate.

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And so I think the best way to answer that is to take you back several hundred years

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ago and show you how some of the early people navigated.

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Well, one thing people would do is if they'd go to a certain location, as they traveled

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over the land, they would mark where they went, and they'd make a map.

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And that would become a map, and they could give to somebody else, and they could navigate

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the same route.

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In fact, we still use that today.

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We have highways, that's a path, and we have road maps, and that's how we get from city

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to city.

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So you'll see some of these techniques, even though they're very old, they still use them

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today.

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Another technique was developed when we invented the compass.

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Now the compass has a needle that points to the north, and if you know what direction

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you're going to go, you point in that direction and you see the angle, and that's called a

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bearing.

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And you follow that bearing, and then you can travel in that direction.

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Again, the compass is still used today.

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Any aircraft that you fly in will have a compass.

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That's great.

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So what I'm hearing from you is some of the tools from the past are still being used today.

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That is true.

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That's great.

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It's a combination of all of these tools, and they help back up each other, and make

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sure that you have a more accurate path of direction.

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Fantastic.

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Great.

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That's a good answer.

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And I know we've got someone else back there with Mrs. Garvey.

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So Mrs. Garvey, could you please introduce for us your guest, and then the question,

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please?

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Well, yes.

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Thank you very much.

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We're joined by a wonderful young student named Brittany Jones.

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And Brittany is from Bradbury Heights Elementary School, and she has a question for us today.

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Thank you.

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My question is, how does GPS work?

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That's great.

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All right.

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How does GPS work?

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You got something there for us?

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Yes.

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I expected this question, and I used this illustration to try to answer that question.

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The GPS satellite sends signals down to the earth, and then the receiver on the earth

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makes measurements on these, and the first thing it does is determine the distance or

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range to those satellites.

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So let's let this wire here represent the range from this satellite, and this one the

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range from this satellite.

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Then with mathematical equations in the computer of the GPS receiver, it calculates where these

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ranges intersect, and that becomes your latitude and longitude of your position on earth.

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All right.

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Well, Dan and I were able to get where we needed to go.

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All right.

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Well, I see we're quickly running out of time.

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Thank you, Dick and Hugh.

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Oh, but I understand we have a special caller with a message.

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It's from Senator and astronaut John Glenn.

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Mr. Glenn, welcome.

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Thank you.

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Glad to be able to participate this morning.

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Thank you.

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I understand you have some words for our viewers.

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I do indeed, and I'm glad to be able to give some encouragement to our young people today.

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You know, today is the 95th anniversary of when the first airplane ever lifted off the

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ground under powered flight, when the Wright Brothers made that first flight from Kill

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Devil Hill down in North Carolina.

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And it wasn't a very long flight, but they were the first people to ever get airborne

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in a powered vehicle.

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And ever since then, we've been trying to go higher and faster and higher and faster,

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and we're into space now.

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And you might even look at the Wright Brothers as the first astronauts, if you want to look

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at it that way.

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They didn't get where they were and make their discoveries by just having an interest

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in it.

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You know, they were people who studied things.

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They made little wind tunnels at the time.

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They did the mathematical measurements.

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They had to know their mathematics, and they had to have a scientific mind.

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And that's what we like to encourage in all our young people today.

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You just have to have the background that you get from school with regard to math and

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reading skills and all those other things.

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And that's the good part about being in school.

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You all have the ability and the place that you're at now in school to do all those same

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things and make tremendous contributions in the future, just like the Wright Brothers

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did 95 years ago.

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Senator Glenn, thank you.

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Powerful words there, and I appreciate it.

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Now, if you want to discover more ways researchers are using GPSN, check out our website.

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And for those of you interested in the world of transportation, check out the online resources

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of our program partners.

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We're going to have to say goodbye now.

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Let's wrap up.

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Thanks, program partners and all our guests.

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Thank you.

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Here, you will engage in an online road rally that will take you to five continents with

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a checkpoint on each continent as seen from space.