0 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:11,000 So, let's have a look to Germany. We are in the year 1936 and Hitler realized that neither 1 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:18,000 the League of Nations nor the Western democracies didn't do anything in Manchuria and Ethiopia. 2 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:28,000 It was the moment when Hitler decided to reoccupy again the Rhineland, La Zona de Renania, which 3 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:37,000 is this area, the Rhineland. It was an industrialized area. So, Hitler in 1936 launched a campaign 4 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:48,000 to reoccupy the Rhineland, but Hitler gave the order to their soldiers to withdraw if 5 00:00:48,000 --> 00:01:03,000 the UK and France wanted to stop them in Renania, in the Rhineland. But when the Germans occupied, 6 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:12,000 when they reoccupied the Rhineland without any problem, it was the moment when Hitler 7 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:22,000 decided to be involved in the Spanish Civil War. When Hitler saw that there wasn't a reaction 8 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:34,000 from the UK and France when he occupied, reoccupied the Rhineland, it was the moment when he decided 9 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:44,000 to help General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. We are going to see this in another lesson, 10 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:56,000 but there was an uprising in 1936 in Spain in July. General Franco needed basically war 11 00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:04,000 planes to cross the Strait of Gibraltar. He didn't have war planes and he asked for 12 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:13,000 the help from Hitler. So, it was Hitler who gave enough planes to General Franco to cross 13 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:25,000 with his troops from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula to carry on the military uprising. 14 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:36,000 Why did Hitler give his help to General Franco? Basically, because he needed raw materials, 15 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:46,000 like the Japanese. For example, the Germans didn't have enough petrol, oil, steel, coal, 16 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:58,000 and one important raw material, which was Bollfram. The Bollfram was a really good raw 17 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:07,000 material because they were building the tanks with these materials and it was harder than 18 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:14,000 other materials. The German tanks were built with Bollfram and that's why this moment in 19 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:20,000 1936 the German tanks were better than the rest. But this is only to know more, okay? 20 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:26,000 Remember that you have to explain only the conceptual map. I'm going to stop in a minute. 21 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:31,000 You have to explain only the conceptual map, but I would like to explain also the reasons 22 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:38,000 about why Hitler invaded and also gave help to General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. 23 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:40,000 I'm going to stop here. Do you have questions? 24 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:51,000 It's just that Irene said that she can't see or talk or do anything and that it got blocked 25 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:53,000 and she put it on the chat. 26 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:06,000 Basically, I'm recording the class so I can send the class after that to Irene, okay? So, 27 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:12,000 don't worry. And also, what was the reaction from the League of Legends? 28 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:24,000 Basically, because the UK had a policy of appeasement. They saw that moment that it 29 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:32,000 was possible to deal with Hitler, to reach a commitment with him, but we all know that it was 30 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:38,000 impossible. But at that time, they believed in the League of Nations and also in the UK that it was 31 00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:50,000 possible to reach a commitment with Hitler, okay? Can I carry on? Great. 32 00:04:51,000 --> 00:05:03,000 Great. And also, Hitler wanted to be involved in the Spanish Civil War because you know that the 33 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:12,000 Soviet Union gave his help to the republic and it was a battle not only for preparing the Second 34 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:20,000 World War, but also it was a battle and ideology. Ideology is the battle because you know that the 35 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:30,000 Soviet Union were communists. The Hitler ideology was based on extreme nationalism and that's why 36 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:41,000 both countries fought in the Spanish Civil War. So, as to have some importance in this area, 37 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:48,000 in the Iberian Peninsula, because the Iberian Peninsula was a strategic country in the south 38 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:55,000 of Europe and both of them wanted to have some influence in the country. So, as I said before, 39 00:05:55,000 --> 00:06:03,000 what was their reaction in August in 1936 from the League of Nations and from the UK and France? 40 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:12,000 There wasn't any reaction. Actually, France, this is the president, Leon Blum, gave the idea to 41 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:23,000 Anthony Eden to maintain peace in Spain and actually they created a committee of non-intervention 42 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:34,000 so as to not intervene in the Spanish Civil War. So, in reality, it was true that France 43 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:45,000 and the UK didn't give any help in theory to the republic and to Franco, but in reality, 44 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:55,000 Mussolini and Hitler gave a lot of help to General Franco and also the Soviet Union to the republic. 45 00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:03,000 So, we could say that the Spanish Civil War was the first step before the Second World War. 46 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:18,000 So, this moment is really important. We are in 1936, because once Hitler knew that the UK 47 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:26,000 and France wouldn't move their troops to the Spanish Civil War, to Spain, it was the moment 48 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:35,000 when Hitler realized that he could conquer more and more territories in the East. For example, 49 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:48,000 in 1938, he launched another attack over Austria with the pretext of having German population. 50 00:07:49,000 --> 00:08:01,000 Hitler launched a campaign over Austria in 1938 and also Hitler, in the same year, in 1938, 51 00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:09,000 as he didn't see any reaction from the UK and France, he wanted to expand his territories, 52 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:15,000 the German territories, and he launched another campaign over this territory 53 00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:23,000 in the West of the Czech Republic, which was called at that time the Sudetenland, 54 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,000 Los Sudetes in Spanish, and in English, the Sudetenland. 55 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:37,000 And both events, the conquest of Austria and also the conquest of the Sudetenland, 56 00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:48,000 happened in 1938. Okay, what happened next? The first reaction from the League of Nations 57 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:57,000 and also from the UK and France happened in September 1938. It was the moment when the 58 00:08:57,000 --> 00:09:05,000 Western democracies, above all the UK, this is the leader of the UK at that time, Neville Chamberlain, 59 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:12,000 held a conference in Munich in order to stop Hitler. 60 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:21,000 As you know, Chamberlain, together with the French Prime Minister, thought that it was 61 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:27,000 possible to deal with Hitler, to reach a commitment with him, and that's why they held 62 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:39,000 the Munich conference in 1938. They gave concessions to Hitler in order to avoid the 63 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:47,000 conflict, and these concessions were the Sudetenland. They allowed Hitler to conquer 64 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:55,000 the Sudetenland, and all of this happened in September 1938 in the Munich conference. 65 00:09:56,000 --> 00:10:04,000 So the idea of this conference came from Chamberlain. He wanted to avoid war, 66 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:16,000 and that's why he gave the Sudetenland to Hitler. But once Hitler knew that 67 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:23,000 it was possible for him to conquer more and more territories, because the UK gave concessions to 68 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:33,000 him, one year later on he conquered definitely the whole country, Czechoslovakia, in March 1939. 69 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:39,000 So he conquered first the Sudetenland after the Munich, after the conference in Munich 70 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:51,000 in October 1938, and definitely he conquered the whole country, Czechoslovakia, in March 1939. 71 00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:58,000 And what was the reaction of the League of Nations and the UK when Hitler conquered 72 00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:04,000 Czechoslovakia in the month of March in 1939? Elisa, your question? 73 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:11,000 Did he conquer Sudetenland before or after the conference? 74 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,000 After the conference. The conference took place in September. 75 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:31,000 Lukas, please, you need to behave, okay? The conference took place in September and Hitler 76 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:33,000 conquered the Sudetenland in October, okay? Okay. 77 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:40,000 In 1938. And why did Hitler conquer the Sudetenland? This is only to know more, because it was the 78 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:51,000 industrialized area in the Czech Republic. All the fortresses and the soldiers were in the 79 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:57,000 Sudetenland, and when the League of Nations and Chamberlain allowed Hitler to conquer the 80 00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:04,000 Sudetenland, they were giving the hand to Hitler to conquer the rest of the country. 81 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,000 And he did it one year later, in March 1939, okay? 82 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:20,000 So, what happened next? What happened next? We are in the month of March in 1939, 83 00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:31,000 when Hitler conquered Czechoslovakia. It was a moment when Mussolini also gave the green light 84 00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:40,000 to conquer Albania, something that is going to happen in April 1939. Both leaders signed the 85 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:48,000 agreement between themselves in the Steel Pact in the same month, in April 1939. And now we are 86 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:56,000 going to see the spark of the Second World War, the catalyst of the war, in the month of August 87 00:12:56,000 --> 00:13:02,000 in 1939. Are you ready to explain the catalyst of the war? And with this, we are going to finish. 88 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:11,000 Okay? Okay. More questions? Wait, wait one moment. 89 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:23,000 In April 1939, Mussolini gave the green light to Hitler, so Hitler could conquer Albania or 90 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:31,000 the other way around. Well, once Mussolini knew that Hitler conquered Czechoslovakia, 91 00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:39,000 Mussolini gave the green light to his troops to conquer also Albania. Because he knew that 92 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:46,000 he wasn't going to have a reaction from the League of Nations and from the UK and France. Maria? 93 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:59,000 Elena, sorry. Elena? Diaz? No? Okay. Shall I carry on or do you have a question? Enrique? 94 00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:09,000 No? Elena, Elena Salinas. So, Mussolini allied with Hitler. They all conquered, 95 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:14,000 they together conquered Czechoslovakia and Albania, right? Yes. Together. Okay, both of 96 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:21,000 them. Thank you. No, no, no. In this case, Hitler conquered Czechoslovakia and Mussolini Albania. 97 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:28,000 Okay. Thank you. But after that, they signed the important treaty of the Steel Pact. 98 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:36,000 Between Mussolini and Hitler? Yes. They were preparing to join the forces 99 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:41,000 in the Second World War. And now we are going to explain the catalyst of the war and with this, 100 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:55,000 we are going to finish. Okay? So, the catalyst of the war began with the invasion of Poland. 101 00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:11,000 Yes? Sorry. What? Do you have a question? I do. Why was there no reaction when 102 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:20,000 Hitler conquered Czechoslovakia? Because they already had signed a treaty saying that he 103 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:26,000 couldn't. No? Really good question. Thank you so much. Because the UK and France wasn't ready for 104 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:40,000 a war. Basically, Germany prepared their troops, their rearmament from 1935, but the UK and France 105 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:47,000 didn't have enough money to spend more money in the army. And they were not ready in 1938. 106 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:58,000 They began to be ready in the month of August, September in 1939. And that's why when Hitler 107 00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:08,000 invaded Poland, it was the last straw for the UK and France. And that's why both of them 108 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:16,000 decided to help Poland. And they didn't help Czechoslovakia or Austria because the UK and France 109 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:23,000 were not ready at this moment for the rearmament policy. Okay, Elisa? Thank you for the question. 110 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:31,000 Okay. We're going to finish with this. So, we are in the month of August. 111 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:40,000 So, could you wait because I'm going to finish with Poland and then I will give you the 112 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:51,000 rest of the class so as to answer your questions. Okay. So, we are in August in 1939 and it was the 113 00:16:51,000 --> 00:17:00,000 spark, the catalyst of the war because it was the moment when Hitler invaded Poland on the 114 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:10,000 1st of September in 1939. But before that, it's important to point out that in the month of August 115 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:22,000 on the 23rd of August in 1939, it's incredible but it's shocking. But at that moment, 116 00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:29,000 Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement. It was the non-aggression pact 117 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:41,000 between Germany and the Soviet Union. So, the question is, why was it possible to sign an 118 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:47,000 agreement between both countries who had a different completely ideology and who fought 119 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:54,000 in the Spanish Civil War? They signed an agreement. This is the moment when Stalin 120 00:17:54,000 --> 00:18:01,000 signed an agreement together with Von Ribbentrop who was the foreign minister in Germany 121 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:08,000 on the 23rd of August in 1939. They signed an agreement for 122 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:16,000 four different reasons. I'm going to explain the four different reasons. Reason one, because both 123 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:23,000 countries Germany and the Soviet Union were interested in Poland. Both of them wanted to 124 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:36,000 conquer Poland. Secondly, because the Soviet Union wanted to conquer to take over the Baltic countries 125 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:45,000 Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Third reason, because both of them, Stalin and Hitler, 126 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:55,000 wanted to avoid a war on the Eastern Front. I will say that Stalin also wasn't ready for a war and 127 00:18:55,000 --> 00:19:05,000 he wanted to buy time. He wanted to buy time and sign an agreement with Hitler. 128 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:16,000 And I'm going to explain the fourth reason also because Germany, as he avoided a war on 129 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:27,000 on the Eastern Front, he could move all their troops to the Western Front in order to conquer 130 00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:35,000 the Western countries Poland, Belgium, France, which happened before. Which happened, sorry, 131 00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:41,000 after that. After the signing of an agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany. 132 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:54,000 Okay. So... Could you go back for a moment? Yes. Thanks. Okay. So, to sum up, they signed 133 00:19:54,000 --> 00:20:01,000 the agreement, both of them, the Soviet Union and Germany, because both countries were interested in 134 00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:06,000 Poland. Both of them wanted to conquer Poland. Also, because the Soviet Union, only the Soviet 135 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:13,000 Union, wanted to take over the Baltic countries. Both of them wanted to avoid war on the Eastern 136 00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:23,000 Front. And as they avoided war on the Eastern Front, Hitler might launch an attack over the 137 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:34,000 Western Front. Okay. So, war started on the 1st of September, the Second World War, when Germany 138 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:41,000 invaded Poland. According to the agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union, Germany 139 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:50,000 launched an attack over half of Poland and the Soviet Union launched another attack over the 140 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:59,000 other half later on, on the 17th of September. This is the moment when the Germans raised the 141 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:08,000 barrier and it was the beginning of the Second World War, because this time there was a reaction 142 00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:17,000 from Chamberlain, from the UK, from France, and it began the war when Chamberlain, the leader of the 143 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:24,000 UK, and Daladier, the leader of France, declared war on Germany on the 3rd of September. 144 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:28,000 Well, I think that we have enough for today. 145 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:40,000 Would you repeat this last part, please? Yes. War started when Germany invaded Poland on the 1st of 146 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:49,000 September. They invaded half of Poland, according to the agreement between the Soviet Union and 147 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:58,000 Germany, which was signed on the 23rd of August. The Germans raised the barrier of Poland and it 148 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:05,000 was the beginning of the war, because the UK and France declared war on Germany on the 3rd of 149 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:11,000 September.