1 00:00:06,830 --> 00:03:43,759 Okay, let me start the debate and the people will be coming in very shortly for the debate, 2 00:03:44,319 --> 00:03:48,340 but they want us to start without a comment. 3 00:03:48,340 --> 00:03:59,379 Okay, the last debate, this is the last debate of the tournament for the proposition of the 4 00:03:59,379 --> 00:04:04,939 and against the other authorities. 5 00:04:04,939 --> 00:04:08,939 And so, when you are ready, 6 00:04:08,939 --> 00:04:14,509 I want the first speaker from Polnareff 7 00:04:14,509 --> 00:04:27,810 to present his opinion. 8 00:04:27,810 --> 00:04:29,810 This is used rightly. The European Union 9 00:04:29,810 --> 00:04:31,810 to solve the recent economic crisis 10 00:04:31,810 --> 00:04:33,810 has been too hard for the two nations. 11 00:04:33,810 --> 00:04:37,810 As I and my teammates, 12 00:04:37,810 --> 00:04:39,810 although I'm scared, 13 00:04:39,810 --> 00:04:41,810 we will be arguing on the first side again 14 00:04:41,810 --> 00:04:49,810 The rest define which countries we are referring to when we use the phrase poor investment. 15 00:04:49,810 --> 00:04:55,810 We would like to focus our conversation today on the unfair impact the EU's Australian policies 16 00:04:55,810 --> 00:05:00,810 has had on Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain. 17 00:05:00,810 --> 00:05:06,810 While there are countries in the EU and Eurozone with lower GDP levels that could be considered 18 00:05:06,810 --> 00:05:22,810 To be considered further, this rule of 5.0 is traditionally based on various programs with social workers' spending, GDP free ratios, and single and best income direction that it uses to proportionate austerity policies. 19 00:05:22,810 --> 00:05:33,810 Next, and for the purposes of simplicity, we would like to talk about these three major austerity priorities that we would like to label policies that punish the benefits. 20 00:05:33,810 --> 00:05:42,810 Firstly, making cuts or paying sanctions. Countries were not given a true choice, let alone accept the policies of the EU format. 21 00:05:42,810 --> 00:05:51,810 Either they listened to the bodies of countries such as Germany, France and Britain in implementing rights, or they were forced to pay unvaluable sanctions. 22 00:05:51,810 --> 00:06:05,810 Secondly, driving down wages, EU austerity measures focus too much on lowering the wages of the citizens of each country and not on regulating the financial backs of institutions that hold the government back. 23 00:06:05,810 --> 00:06:12,810 This, in turn, continues to plunge the victim at the most personal levels, the ones who give homes. 24 00:06:12,810 --> 00:06:16,810 And third and final, unilateral fiscal combat. 25 00:06:16,810 --> 00:06:26,810 Sovereignty, autonomy, and freedom are all threaded in the fiscal agreement that countries have been forced to say as a part of the fiscal combat. 26 00:06:26,810 --> 00:06:35,810 Forging of them through national legislation, payment restrictions, even for citizens who may decide a more socialist country. 27 00:06:35,810 --> 00:06:49,810 While these are just a few of the many policies that have been conferred to the total economic countries we have mentioned, such as Italy or Portugal, these are by far the ones that have the worst and most conferred impacts. 28 00:06:49,810 --> 00:06:55,810 Allow me to focus more on our first agreement of making cuts and main sanctions. 29 00:06:55,810 --> 00:07:07,810 The really developed countries were barred with too much support. Therefore, the EU forced them to remain practically attached to their markets when their internal economies got to pay a sanction. 30 00:07:07,810 --> 00:07:20,810 This situation made these countries decide whether they wanted to pay their debts by hiring their citizens, as they are the ones who were going to suffer the most from this tax for having to pay the sanctions to the EU. 31 00:07:20,810 --> 00:07:25,810 But how is a country that is already in debt going to pay its section? 32 00:07:25,810 --> 00:07:33,810 These estates are left with the only chance of making ends as they cannot appropriate the section due to the economic crisis 33 00:07:33,810 --> 00:07:37,810 and this is why the EU didn't give any freedom of choice to the countries. 34 00:07:37,810 --> 00:07:43,810 In fact, this gravy and energy cycle made it impossible for these countries to escape. 35 00:07:43,810 --> 00:07:56,810 By forcing countries to make a choice which was in fact not a choice, we believe that policies used by the European Union to solve the recent economic crises have been too hard for the poorer countries. 36 00:07:56,810 --> 00:08:10,910 Thank you for your time. 37 00:08:10,910 --> 00:08:19,910 Good afternoon. We're going to debate about it, and we think that the recent austerity measures taken in the EU are not hard for the poorer European countries. 38 00:08:19,910 --> 00:08:28,910 These are our three arguments. First of all, if all the countries work together to solve this crisis, and they carry out the necessary measures, we will all come out benefitting from it. 39 00:08:28,910 --> 00:08:38,539 Soon, all the European countries have been benefitting from the EU, and now we all have to collaborate in this effort. 40 00:08:38,539 --> 00:08:52,879 And based on country-to-country cooperation, when that has been done, for some time now, there has been a huge worldwide economic crisis. 41 00:08:52,879 --> 00:08:57,879 Lots of proposals to solve them, some from left-wing parties and those from right-wing ones. 42 00:08:57,879 --> 00:09:00,879 But we think the solution is across this country from any of those of us. 43 00:09:00,879 --> 00:09:03,879 The only way of making this is with austerity. 44 00:09:03,879 --> 00:09:06,879 Believe it or not, we all take part in these decisions, 45 00:09:06,879 --> 00:09:08,879 throughout our representation in the European Parliament, 46 00:09:08,879 --> 00:09:12,879 that representing the interests of the European people has the EU budget. 47 00:09:12,879 --> 00:09:16,879 The European Commission makes laws and ensures their enforcement. 48 00:09:16,879 --> 00:09:18,879 Austerity restores the lives of Europeans. 49 00:09:18,879 --> 00:09:21,879 It's not something so great for the regime to talk about. 50 00:09:21,879 --> 00:09:24,879 Now, let me set up a hypothetical scenario. 51 00:09:24,879 --> 00:09:27,879 Europe's four countries do not comply with austerity. 52 00:09:27,879 --> 00:09:33,879 The country's government keeps spending its money, not only on basic services, but also on non-essential ones. 53 00:09:33,879 --> 00:09:36,879 So the country keeps digging its own grave. 54 00:09:36,879 --> 00:09:41,879 People lose their jobs in the public sector because the government won't be given any loans. 55 00:09:41,879 --> 00:09:47,509 What the government wants is creating awful conditions. 56 00:09:47,509 --> 00:09:51,509 Now, let's imagine the four countries do comply with austerity. 57 00:09:51,509 --> 00:09:58,509 In the beginning, there would be some decrease in living conditions, but nothing substantial for the working classes if the country has a good tax system. 58 00:09:58,509 --> 00:10:08,509 Now, the state has money because they pay off their debt and can invest in COVID services, and new loans start to emerge for businesses for people to continue consuming. 59 00:10:08,509 --> 00:10:13,509 This hikes living conditions 10 times as much compared to not taking the measures. 60 00:10:13,509 --> 00:10:24,509 Also, many studies and historical facts have shown that a country that has gone past an economic crisis is much more reinforced and powerful than it was before the crisis and living conditions are much better. 61 00:10:24,509 --> 00:10:30,509 This is, for example, the example of the United States right after the Great Depression. 62 00:10:30,509 --> 00:10:37,509 If all European countries do this, the poorest countries coming out with the help of the richest, as the case agrees, 63 00:10:37,509 --> 00:10:42,509 Europe will become a greater world power and the immediate consequences for the Europeans 64 00:10:42,509 --> 00:10:46,509 will be a huge increase in the living conditions compared to not taking the measures. 65 00:10:46,509 --> 00:10:48,509 Thank you. 66 00:10:48,509 --> 00:11:08,940 First, I would like to thank you for the excellent argument from the opposition. 67 00:11:08,940 --> 00:11:11,940 We accept the points the opposition presented. 68 00:11:11,940 --> 00:11:16,940 However, we need to do several factors that I will again elucidate. 69 00:11:16,940 --> 00:11:20,940 The first argument stated that the opposition presented 70 00:11:20,940 --> 00:11:23,940 was that we could all be benefited by these measures. 71 00:11:23,940 --> 00:11:28,940 However, in having numerous reliable sources which back up our counter-argument, 72 00:11:28,940 --> 00:11:34,940 we are in possession, too, of the fact that these outstripped measures are not decreasing the unemployment rates, 73 00:11:34,940 --> 00:11:41,940 but that, on the very opposite, more people are losing their jobs as consequence of such strong policies. 74 00:11:41,940 --> 00:11:42,940 We also feel... 75 00:11:42,940 --> 00:11:43,940 I have a question. 76 00:11:43,940 --> 00:11:44,940 Yes? 77 00:11:44,940 --> 00:11:47,940 If you don't think that our thoughts are okay, what do you suggest? 78 00:11:47,940 --> 00:11:51,940 We are going to address that point when I finish my speech, if you were to question 79 00:11:51,940 --> 00:11:55,940 again, I'll answer it. We are in position of the fact that these 80 00:11:55,940 --> 00:12:00,940 auster measures are not decreasing behind the only rates, but that, on the very opposite, 81 00:12:00,940 --> 00:12:06,940 more people are losing their jobs. Other measures to be implemented which do not increase our 82 00:12:06,940 --> 00:12:11,940 individual centre are as they imply in the Amazon State. The second argument stated that 83 00:12:11,940 --> 00:12:16,940 the European Union was made for helping each other into the nations, while the third, in 84 00:12:16,940 --> 00:12:23,940 says that the poorer countries shouldn't receive help, which is a counter-argument. 85 00:12:23,940 --> 00:12:29,940 Therefore, we consider that the poorer countries should be aided, these being the most vulnerable 86 00:12:29,940 --> 00:12:33,940 and human thing to do, to take action and not just stare while the whole nation, which 87 00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:37,940 has millions of lives, is being dragged apart. 88 00:12:37,940 --> 00:12:44,940 Now, I will address our second argument, that the driving down of wages is drastic and beneficial 89 00:12:44,940 --> 00:12:50,940 for individual citizens. European austerity measures focus too much on lowering the wages 90 00:12:50,940 --> 00:12:55,940 of the citizens of these countries and not on regulating the financial values and institutions 91 00:12:55,940 --> 00:13:01,940 that brought the problem out. This, in turn, continues to punish the victim at the most 92 00:13:01,940 --> 00:13:06,940 personal level instead of punishing the real source of the problem. 93 00:13:06,940 --> 00:13:11,940 Clear evidence presented by ERA News shows that the jobless rate among young people in 94 00:13:11,940 --> 00:13:18,940 people in Italy stands at 35% today. This number has not risen higher despite the wage 95 00:13:18,940 --> 00:13:23,940 decreases. This perceptive is showing how this unrelated uncertainty measures largely 96 00:13:23,940 --> 00:13:30,940 proves how citizens, particularly the future generations, are being affected by these standards. 97 00:13:30,940 --> 00:13:36,940 Now, I let me turn to our third argument today regarding the dangers of the fiscal compact 98 00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:41,940 we have entered into as a result of the European Union policies. 99 00:13:41,940 --> 00:13:47,940 According to the title 3 of the fiscal company treaty, countries were, among others, forced 100 00:13:47,940 --> 00:13:53,940 to subject themselves to the Balanced Budget Rule, the Debt Break Rule, the Iron Man Corruption 101 00:13:53,940 --> 00:13:55,940 Mechanism, the Debt Location Rule. 102 00:13:55,940 --> 00:14:00,940 By themselves, these were not bad reforms, but the issue that these rules removed sovereignty 103 00:14:00,940 --> 00:14:05,940 from member nations and the member nations were forced to accept these rules or face sanctions. 104 00:14:05,940 --> 00:14:12,940 This is embarrassing and fake. Furthermore, while countries at the poorer end of the spectrum 105 00:14:12,940 --> 00:14:17,940 have worked tirelessly to reach the goals stated by these rules, we have reached signs 106 00:14:17,940 --> 00:14:22,940 that wealthier countries such as France or Germany are not keen on reaching themselves. 107 00:14:22,940 --> 00:14:26,940 This argument surfaced in the article widely from The Economist titled 108 00:14:26,940 --> 00:14:28,940 I'm the German Chancellor Angela Merkel. 109 00:14:28,940 --> 00:14:30,940 Therefore, I'm concluding the speech. 110 00:14:30,940 --> 00:14:32,940 We deeply believe in total agreement with today's motion 111 00:14:32,940 --> 00:14:34,940 that these incremental policies are extremely hard 112 00:14:34,940 --> 00:14:36,940 and particularly inconvenient for individual citizens. 113 00:14:36,940 --> 00:14:38,940 Thank you. 114 00:14:38,940 --> 00:14:40,940 Ladies and gentlemen, 115 00:14:40,940 --> 00:14:42,940 in the past decade, 116 00:14:42,940 --> 00:14:44,940 poor countries like Ireland, 117 00:14:44,940 --> 00:14:46,940 Greece, 118 00:14:46,940 --> 00:14:59,980 Spain, 119 00:14:59,980 --> 00:15:01,980 Italy, 120 00:15:01,980 --> 00:15:03,980 Portugal, 121 00:15:03,980 --> 00:15:05,980 Greece, 122 00:15:05,980 --> 00:15:09,980 First of all, police in actual military life. 123 00:15:09,980 --> 00:15:12,980 They were not able to afford it. 124 00:15:12,980 --> 00:15:14,980 They paid everything back in credits. 125 00:15:14,980 --> 00:15:19,980 For these funds, the funds that were afforded in those credits to them, 126 00:15:19,980 --> 00:15:22,980 they were not able to reach the salaries if they could pay back. 127 00:15:22,980 --> 00:15:25,980 How could it be reasonable? 128 00:15:25,980 --> 00:15:29,980 That's not reasonable. People couldn't pay back their funds. 129 00:15:29,980 --> 00:15:31,980 So the death started. 130 00:15:31,980 --> 00:15:37,980 Although, this is not the only reason why this doctrine has got into crisis. 131 00:15:37,980 --> 00:15:39,980 Yes? 132 00:15:39,980 --> 00:15:43,980 Do you think there was ban schools and not for people? 133 00:15:43,980 --> 00:15:45,980 Do you know? 134 00:15:45,980 --> 00:15:47,980 Yeah? True. 135 00:15:47,980 --> 00:15:53,980 But the one who gives you credit is also a person, so everyone has a fault. 136 00:15:53,980 --> 00:15:58,309 Okay. Strong statement. 137 00:15:58,309 --> 00:16:03,309 are saying this, not all the institutional founders think that we have a crisis, but 138 00:16:03,309 --> 00:16:12,519 also give the example of this. In Portugal, the TPCs of the state were given one name 139 00:16:12,519 --> 00:16:18,519 for their state, like a normal one, but during the afternoon they have their own business. 140 00:16:18,519 --> 00:16:25,519 I give the example to you to understand it. A marginal TPC works only after noon for an 141 00:16:25,519 --> 00:16:31,779 an electricity company. And then the state says, a law, a new law, and says, we won't 142 00:16:31,779 --> 00:16:39,120 raise the electricity bill. What is activity going to go for? Of course, yes, it is going 143 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:46,679 to earn more money. That's the example of corruption, of intellectual crisis. There 144 00:16:46,679 --> 00:16:54,139 are more and more reasons for acquisition all day of the year. From past years, these 145 00:16:54,139 --> 00:16:59,139 These countries have given these small countries loads of money. 146 00:16:59,139 --> 00:17:05,140 1.63 million euros were given only to solve the bank problems. 147 00:17:05,140 --> 00:17:08,140 If these small countries solve the bank problems, 148 00:17:08,140 --> 00:17:12,140 the amount of money will be 1.63 million euros. 149 00:17:12,140 --> 00:17:16,140 The standard of life of this country was very serious. 150 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:21,140 That, on the serious side, is not even for the German people. 151 00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:35,140 It's too much. We can't have three cars, three houses, three more iPhones, three travelling places every year, one to New York, one to Europe. We can't. That's not a standard of life. 152 00:17:35,140 --> 00:17:40,140 That's why the European Union applied all these things. 153 00:17:40,140 --> 00:17:46,140 Which is not concerned with what these small countries are going to do with the money. 154 00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:49,140 Are they going to do wrong again, like they did before? 155 00:17:49,140 --> 00:17:52,140 They have to be controlled, because they made a mistake. 156 00:17:52,140 --> 00:17:54,140 Some of them made a mistake. 157 00:17:54,140 --> 00:18:02,140 So now, do we expect our country to do good with money? No. 158 00:18:02,140 --> 00:18:06,140 The European Union has to give these policies. 159 00:18:06,140 --> 00:18:15,140 They might be hard, I'm not saying that they are easy, but we make mistakes for deserving this. 160 00:18:15,140 --> 00:18:23,140 We have to accept these mistakes and accept the matter to have these policies for making a better country. 161 00:18:23,140 --> 00:18:36,480 That's the end of, because all these policies have to be applied, it is over 10 years, we have many states, over and over, so we want to teach us how to do it. Thank you for your time. 162 00:18:54,930 --> 00:19:07,130 Ladies and gentlemen, welcome for the last time to today's proposition. I mean, with today's motion, the policies used by the European Union to solve the recent economic crisis have been too hard for the Korean nation. 163 00:19:07,130 --> 00:19:14,130 It is now a pleasure to summarize the arguments that were expressed today and talk into itself 164 00:19:14,130 --> 00:19:17,130 the association of your own conclusions on this subject. 165 00:19:17,130 --> 00:19:22,130 Firstly, we have outlined our position that the European Union is reducing the freedom 166 00:19:22,130 --> 00:19:27,130 of choice of the countries of Europe and Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain. 167 00:19:27,130 --> 00:19:32,130 They have done this by issuing them anti-consumption when they can only choose what they want 168 00:19:32,130 --> 00:19:33,130 these countries to own. 169 00:19:33,130 --> 00:19:39,130 Thus, the European Union is setting up a system for a system where you have to go along to get along. 170 00:19:39,130 --> 00:19:43,130 Is it in these countries no other choice than to implement this service? 171 00:19:43,130 --> 00:19:50,130 At the end, those who are the most fortunate and the less fortunate are the citizens, the ones who are not guilty at all of this crisis. 172 00:19:50,130 --> 00:19:53,130 In our second argument, we have outlined the consequences. 173 00:19:53,130 --> 00:20:01,890 explaining that the European Union's assertive measures should have focused more on regulation-backed institutions, 174 00:20:01,890 --> 00:20:05,890 at least starting on super-doctrine crisis in the first place. 175 00:20:05,890 --> 00:20:12,890 Instead, it hurts individuals, it hurts fathers, mothers and families who are technically supported in the commonwealth. 176 00:20:14,890 --> 00:20:20,890 And finally, the Amazon Agreement, representing the importance of the leap of the time in a different country, 177 00:20:20,890 --> 00:20:26,890 forcing them to pass laws claiming limiting their spending limits on the debt-to-GDP regime. 178 00:20:26,890 --> 00:20:32,890 If countries actually add such laws to their constitutions, they are limiting their responsibility to address future problems. 179 00:20:32,890 --> 00:20:36,890 Today's solutions are not necessarily the solutions for tomorrow's problems. 180 00:20:36,890 --> 00:20:42,890 Furthermore, and more importantly, with such a central direction coming from the European Union, 181 00:20:42,890 --> 00:20:48,890 these policies threaten sovereignty, autonomy and individual freedom that are so present to the contemporary countries. 182 00:20:48,890 --> 00:20:56,890 While we cherish our union and how we belong to each other, within the European Union, we must remind you, we are sovereign nations, not states. 183 00:20:56,890 --> 00:21:09,890 Ladies and gentlemen, we are part of the interior student, but not of an employee. Everyone, please for a moment, look to your left. Now, look to your right. 184 00:21:09,890 --> 00:21:13,890 Thank you. I dare you to consider this. 185 00:21:13,890 --> 00:21:21,720 Who among us does not know a neighbour, a friend, a family who is in the EU with us? 186 00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:27,720 Every day, on the train, in our villages, in our parks, we see people suffering. 187 00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:30,720 This situation is not isolated to Spain. 188 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:34,720 It is happening all across the European countries of the European Union. 189 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:37,720 We live on hope of improving soon. 190 00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:41,720 These policies punish the victims. 191 00:21:41,720 --> 00:21:43,720 We believe we can do better. 192 00:21:43,720 --> 00:21:48,720 We believe that as neighbors of our country, as Europeans, 193 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:51,720 we can stand up together to confront these challenges. 194 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:56,720 But to do so, we must share the love all together. 195 00:21:56,720 --> 00:22:03,720 Ladies and gentlemen from the audience, judges, and our hosts in competition today, thank you. 196 00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:35,549 Well, as I said before, the European Union was created after the Second World War in order to create, to avoid that the number of casualties of that war would be, but after that it was over. 197 00:22:35,549 --> 00:22:43,549 They decided to take together the European countries to create a strong market that would face China, we will say. 198 00:22:43,549 --> 00:22:49,549 All the countries are different. The economy is different. And this creates a huge problem. 199 00:22:49,549 --> 00:22:54,549 Because not all the countries that enter the European Union have the same amount of money. 200 00:22:54,549 --> 00:22:59,549 So once they are in, they don't give the same amount of money to the European Union. 201 00:22:59,549 --> 00:23:02,549 That's why they don't receive the same amount of money. 202 00:23:02,549 --> 00:23:06,549 Each member of countries provides money to help each other. 203 00:23:06,549 --> 00:23:12,549 It is common to reach an equilibrium so that those countries will get the same level. 204 00:23:12,549 --> 00:23:22,549 Like for example, Greece, Spain, Italy have been receiving funds from other countries for employment, infrastructures, healthcare, etc. 205 00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:28,549 We took over the policy institutes. They are too hard for the poor countries. 206 00:23:28,549 --> 00:23:33,549 Well, the reality is that there has been a crisis. 207 00:23:33,549 --> 00:23:41,549 This crisis has made that some countries need to take drastic decisions. 208 00:23:41,549 --> 00:23:48,549 Taking into account that these countries have to side-bounce on the European Union. 209 00:23:48,549 --> 00:23:53,549 And I think the European Union has that accident to give money to make an effort. 210 00:23:53,549 --> 00:23:57,549 Because in the future, it will benefit everyone. 211 00:23:57,549 --> 00:24:04,549 And now, I would like to say that none of the solutions come from the richest people. 212 00:24:04,549 --> 00:24:06,549 Because that's not fair. 213 00:24:06,549 --> 00:24:11,549 If we have a problem, we cannot always ask the richest people to give their money. 214 00:24:11,549 --> 00:24:14,549 Because if we are a union, we are a union. 215 00:24:14,549 --> 00:24:16,549 If we want to be in Scotland, they can. 216 00:24:16,549 --> 00:24:20,549 And now, there's something that we don't understand. 217 00:24:20,549 --> 00:24:22,549 The European Union, that's not its job. 218 00:24:22,549 --> 00:24:26,549 It has to give money to the countries that need it the most. 219 00:24:26,549 --> 00:24:30,309 Now, the money has run out, and our friends in the government 220 00:24:30,309 --> 00:24:33,150 would like that they understand it in the right way. 221 00:24:33,150 --> 00:24:34,589 So what's the thing? 222 00:24:34,589 --> 00:24:38,309 Now, we don't know what to do, and new countries 223 00:24:38,309 --> 00:24:40,470 need to get into the European Union. 224 00:24:40,470 --> 00:24:42,450 These countries are supposed to be 225 00:24:42,450 --> 00:24:46,069 helped by those countries that we support or help. 226 00:24:46,069 --> 00:24:49,910 So I'm glad to hear that we are talking about cooperation. 227 00:24:49,910 --> 00:24:52,490 In conclusion, the European Union 228 00:24:52,490 --> 00:24:54,509 is there to help us fight the crisis, 229 00:24:54,509 --> 00:25:04,509 And what's common to these? Everyone was benefited. But now that the Greeks are gone, as before, people don't want to give up their luxuries. 230 00:25:06,509 --> 00:25:17,509 If they want to give up, they should. What this means? I mean, everyone needs to stop working because the strength resists in the union. Thank you. 231 00:25:17,509 --> 00:25:43,150 Okay, so I'm here now to conclude a bit what Ian and my colleagues have said before. 232 00:25:43,150 --> 00:25:52,150 First of all, if we don't help the private sector out, I mean, I understand that we all are in the crisis, 233 00:25:52,150 --> 00:25:58,150 and we all cause it, the private sector and public sector, together, everyone makes mistakes. 234 00:25:58,150 --> 00:26:03,150 But if we don't help the private sector out, we will be much more into the crisis 235 00:26:03,150 --> 00:26:09,150 Because private businesses and banks are the ones that nowadays move the economy in our society. 236 00:26:09,150 --> 00:26:16,150 We live in a globalized world where private hands control the economy, basically. 237 00:26:16,150 --> 00:26:30,150 And, well, you also were saying that the European Union forced poor countries to comply with that. 238 00:26:30,150 --> 00:26:53,509 But we actually, all of us, we wrote the European Commission, so we complied with these measures. 239 00:26:53,509 --> 00:27:03,509 Also, poor countries like Greece that did not comply with these measures were helped out by the European Union. 240 00:27:03,509 --> 00:27:10,509 So the European Union is not something bad, which we look down on. No, it's something good. 241 00:27:10,509 --> 00:27:14,509 For years now, we've been benefiting from the European Union policies. 242 00:27:14,509 --> 00:27:25,509 Even now in this crisis they are helping us develop our transport, industry, agriculture and many more things. 243 00:27:25,509 --> 00:27:34,509 So who hasn't seen something being built as a water purifier or a metro station with a big sign saying it was done by European funds? 244 00:27:34,509 --> 00:27:45,509 Now it's time to start making some reforms and keep benefiting from these European Union benefits, and also helping neighbouring countries out. 245 00:27:45,509 --> 00:28:03,660 I will now introduce, for the first time today, my final remarks. 246 00:28:03,660 --> 00:28:14,660 To further support our case, recent data from the Spanish Ministry of Employment shows that while unemployment has fallen down by 2,500 people, 247 00:28:14,660 --> 00:28:23,660 the number of people actively looking for jobs dropped by nearly 425,000 people due to the policy's main statement. 248 00:28:23,660 --> 00:28:28,660 Now, we will briefly point our argument out, providing some of the opposition arguments. 249 00:28:28,660 --> 00:28:34,660 Firstly, we have stated that these reforms are too hard on the individual citizens. 250 00:28:34,660 --> 00:28:39,660 They, on the contrary, have even also stated that the citizens are to blame for these measures. 251 00:28:39,660 --> 00:28:44,660 We, counter-argumenting, believe that they are not addressing or punishing, with this 252 00:28:44,660 --> 00:28:49,660 message, the real causes of these problems, which are the banks and the state, not the 253 00:28:49,660 --> 00:28:52,660 citizens, as they have stated. 254 00:28:52,660 --> 00:28:57,660 Summarizing our second and very arguments, we feel that if we're improving the future, 255 00:28:57,660 --> 00:28:59,660 we have to destroy our present. 256 00:28:59,660 --> 00:29:03,660 We urge the need of reconsidering these policies. 257 00:29:03,660 --> 00:29:09,660 Reviving opposition thoughts, we urge the League of saying that these policies just 258 00:29:09,660 --> 00:29:15,660 penalize the victims. Every day throughout our life, we see victims being penalized by 259 00:29:15,660 --> 00:29:21,660 these measures. We believe that as makers, as members of our countries, as Europeans, 260 00:29:21,660 --> 00:29:25,660 we must stand together to confront these challenges. Thank you. 261 00:29:25,660 --> 00:31:23,880 Just to say a fantastic good morning, thank you all for the message. I will repeat something I said earlier for the benefit of the senior visitors who have just joined us. 262 00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:33,880 It's amazing to see that not only can you be so coherent and so persuasive in your arguments and have a really good debate going, you can do it in another language and I can do that. 263 00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:39,880 of all of the things, and to your teachers, I have to say, for all the effort that they put in. 264 00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:45,880 Another couple of things I'd like to say in the course of the morning is to see how you as individuals get more confident 265 00:31:45,880 --> 00:31:49,880 as you get more relaxed going through the day, and becoming more persuasive. 266 00:31:49,880 --> 00:31:53,880 And now you've been supremely capable of arguing both sides of the argument. 267 00:31:53,880 --> 00:31:59,880 You really should be more efficient. Sorry, on that. You were really, really powerful about doing that. 268 00:31:59,880 --> 00:32:14,880 My advice for the theatre is that, first of all, go beyond what we said earlier about really effective presentations into engaging ever more with each other, engaging physically, listening, contributing, and moving forward with the debating later. 269 00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:24,880 Secondly, stay really close to the topic. It is really important to stay focused, to take account of what the other people are saying and are arguing beyond this point of view. 270 00:32:24,880 --> 00:32:35,880 And finally, basically, just keep doing what you're doing, keep explaining the structure, and when we see big finishes, it is really powerful in our vision. 271 00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:38,569 Well done, thank you. 272 00:32:38,569 --> 00:32:59,819 Today, it's all we do at TENOR for the scenery. 273 00:32:59,819 --> 00:33:08,819 And then I will introduce you to the people who are so eager to listen to you, the very few who have just come in. 274 00:33:08,819 --> 00:33:29,240 They are just going to move the furniture around a little bit and then we will start immediately with the fire station. 275 00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:39,240 So please, if you are standing up, please find a seat because people, I think, need to come in and out. 276 00:33:39,240 --> 00:34:18,139 I'd like to introduce to you the people who are going to be doing the advice giving and who have attended this last debate. 277 00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:31,159 The first person I would like to welcome and thank him very much for taking his time to be here is the British Ambassador, Mr. Simon Mandon. 278 00:34:31,159 --> 00:34:59,079 The second person I would like to welcome to the stage is Dr. Ben-Gadira of the Consejeria, 279 00:34:59,079 --> 00:35:02,079 Mr. Pablo Islan. 280 00:35:02,079 --> 00:35:20,630 And the third person I want to welcome to the stage is Mr. Abraham Mahan, who is Vice 281 00:35:20,630 --> 00:35:23,630 President of the European Union. 282 00:35:23,630 --> 00:35:51,869 Okay, we're going to take a few minutes, a few minutes to, as I say, prepare. There is some room in between. We're going to have a few words. 283 00:35:51,869 --> 00:36:01,869 The three gentlemen who are at the table will each take a turn to say a few words to you. 284 00:36:01,869 --> 00:36:13,869 And overhead you will see something which is of interest to the winner of this tournament. 285 00:36:13,869 --> 00:36:18,869 But I think I will let others explain what it is about. 286 00:36:18,869 --> 00:36:27,869 For the moment, I would like to invite Mr. Dahang to say a few words. 287 00:36:27,869 --> 00:36:38,929 Good morning, everyone. 288 00:36:38,929 --> 00:36:54,900 First, I would like to thank the students for their effort, their dedication, their preparation, and the passion they put together with their teachers and their staff. 289 00:36:54,900 --> 00:37:03,900 I would also like to thank the judges, Cornelia Marine, the British Council, and our host, His Excellency, the British Muslim. 290 00:37:03,900 --> 00:37:12,460 The English Deacon Union was founded 96 years ago, and our mission is to bring together and empower people 291 00:37:12,460 --> 00:37:21,460 through beliefs, by languages, and cultures, by providing opportunities for sales, gain experiences, and confidence in communication 292 00:37:21,460 --> 00:37:26,460 to give you people the opportunity to realize their full potential. 293 00:37:26,460 --> 00:37:32,460 By speaking and debating, it's helped condensing a 12-hour idea into a mini-presentation, 294 00:37:32,460 --> 00:37:36,460 in both form and against arguments. 295 00:37:36,460 --> 00:37:40,460 Forty secondary bilingual schools selected by the Constitutional Electoral Committee 296 00:37:40,460 --> 00:37:47,460 that are now in, have been part of the first school of speaking debate tournament. 297 00:37:47,460 --> 00:38:03,460 Once more, thank you to you all, to the students and the staff, as you have proven and provided us these days great events, well presented cases, and shown great solutions since the day we started the program. 298 00:38:03,460 --> 00:38:07,460 Keep up the effort. Thank you very much, and good luck. 299 00:38:07,460 --> 00:38:23,070 So, I'd like to invite Mr. Paul Rispano to say a few words to you as well. 300 00:38:23,070 --> 00:38:39,260 After seeing the great level of those students that have entered here, it was not easy. 301 00:38:39,260 --> 00:38:42,260 So I tried to keep moving. 302 00:38:42,260 --> 00:38:45,260 But I didn't want them to leave. 303 00:38:47,260 --> 00:38:53,260 Master of the United Kingdom, President and Vice-President of the English-speaking Union, 304 00:38:53,260 --> 00:38:59,260 First Secretary of the United Arab Emirates, judges, teachers, students, colleagues, and distinguished guests. 305 00:38:59,260 --> 00:39:20,619 It is a great pleasure that I have been able to attend three of the debates this morning, on the final day of the international speaking competition, held for the first time in Madrid, and at this wonderful setting, the Ateneo de Madrid. Muchas gracias por habernos dejado este peculiar setting. 306 00:39:20,619 --> 00:39:26,619 So full of history wherever you look, as you can see. 307 00:39:26,619 --> 00:39:40,619 As Director General of the Faculty of Science, I am extremely proud to see that the students of our bilingual secondary schools 308 00:39:40,619 --> 00:39:48,619 have acquired the skills and the English necessary to be based at an international level and all in English. 309 00:39:48,619 --> 00:39:56,619 The topic discussed is the risk of the World Cup in Qatar and the restriction of trafficking in citizen areas. 310 00:39:56,619 --> 00:40:03,619 I have highlighted the variety of opinions in today's world and the different approaches to common problems. 311 00:40:03,619 --> 00:40:13,619 The first-hand experience of our guest, the TARP delegation, broadened our horizons and challenged some of our external rights. 312 00:40:13,619 --> 00:40:21,619 Many thanks to the host families of the, I think it was the village of Vedas, for the wonderful welcome. 313 00:40:21,619 --> 00:40:35,619 20 students have participated closely in this great competition, but the art of public speaking has been introduced into the 14 schools which took part in this new experience. 314 00:40:35,619 --> 00:40:52,619 The Cognac Demanded by Equal Program is now in its 10th year, and the students here today are the first generation to complete their studies in this program. And this is what they can do. Congratulations. 315 00:40:52,619 --> 00:41:11,409 Next year, the number of bilingual primary schools will reach 325 and the number of secondary schools will reach 96. 316 00:41:11,409 --> 00:41:18,409 This is a really big success and a really big effort also of our teachers. 317 00:41:18,409 --> 00:41:27,409 We are sure that this could enable even more students to achieve the level of proficiency seen here these days. 318 00:41:27,409 --> 00:41:44,409 Thank you to Cabinet's assistance and the British Council for the collaboration and once again I would like to congratulate the participants, the teachers and the English assistants for their enthusiasm and support and the International Student Union for their course of patience and guidance. 319 00:41:44,409 --> 00:41:54,409 Also, many thanks to Adela Malik for offering this incredible hall in which we will do Madrid's first transfer to the public, speaking from Prishtina. 320 00:41:54,409 --> 00:41:59,409 I would love to work for the United Kingdom. 321 00:41:59,409 --> 00:42:22,639 And last but not least, obviously, in fact, our best speaker is going to be the ambassador of the United Kingdom, 322 00:42:22,639 --> 00:42:45,039 Mr. President, Mr. Vice President of the English-speaking Union, ladies and gentlemen, teachers, participants. 323 00:42:45,039 --> 00:42:51,039 First of all, I feel a little bit intimidated after listening to that last debate. 324 00:42:51,039 --> 00:42:56,039 I feel I've got a bit of competition in this room, so welcome, it was amazing. 325 00:42:56,039 --> 00:43:02,300 and as a former British Director General for European Union Affairs, I wish we'd be 326 00:43:02,300 --> 00:43:07,179 debating those issues with the same passion in London and Brussels as we were debating 327 00:43:07,179 --> 00:43:16,500 them this morning. Great job. I'm delighted to be here today to participate in this very 328 00:43:16,500 --> 00:43:23,000 first prize-giving ceremony for the first English-speaking union in Madrid, schools 329 00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:29,000 towards debating and public speaking torment. And to be with you today in this extraordinary 330 00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:36,000 building, which has hosted over the years so many of the great debates, the great discussions, 331 00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:42,000 which have helped to shape the modern democratic nation that Spain is today. To be surrounded 332 00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:48,000 by these figures who were so prominent in the great debates of Spain's 19th century 333 00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:56,000 and to be in front of those who are going to be shaking the face of Spain's 21st century future. 334 00:43:56,000 --> 00:44:06,000 As you know, the English Speaking Union is an international educational charity based in London, founded almost 100 years ago 335 00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:12,000 to promote global understanding among citizens from different cultural backgrounds 336 00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:18,000 through the common use of the English language, discovered by our Royal Charter, with the 337 00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:24,000 Majesty the Queen as its patron, and her Royal Highness the Princess Anne as its President. 338 00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:29,000 And over the years, the English-speaking Union has made an enormous contribution to understanding 339 00:44:29,000 --> 00:44:34,000 the relationship between peoples, and has built a reputation for excellence. We were 340 00:44:34,000 --> 00:44:41,000 therefore delighted when, in April 2012, the English-speaking Union in Hispania was launched 341 00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:47,000 here in Spain with strong support both from the British Council and from the British Embassy. 342 00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:53,000 Today's event feeds into the international public speaking community competition and 343 00:44:53,000 --> 00:44:59,000 demonstrates just how powerful the global English speaking community can be and the 344 00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:05,000 opportunities which it presents to young people right across the world. That international 345 00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:11,000 international public speaking competition is now its 32nd year at the United Park, in 346 00:45:11,000 --> 00:45:17,000 one of its earlier years, I won't quite say which year, but earlier, is now in the largest 347 00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:23,000 public speaking tournament in the world, involving some 50 countries and over 40,000 students 348 00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:30,000 at the end. Today's winners will have the opportunity of taking part in an exciting 349 00:45:30,000 --> 00:45:38,000 five-day programme of events, including public speaking, debating and performance workshops, 350 00:45:38,000 --> 00:45:44,000 educational and conflict discussions, as well as a two-day public speaking competition. 351 00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:50,000 Women will receive training in public speaking and debating skills from world-class English-speaking 352 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:55,000 event tours in London and a Shakespeare's Flemish Globe Theatre on South Bank of the 353 00:45:55,000 --> 00:46:00,880 attempts in London, providing them with the opportunity to develop and hone the vital 354 00:46:00,880 --> 00:46:07,840 skills to enable them to speak with confidence in public and to showcase them in the international 355 00:46:07,840 --> 00:46:08,340 arena. 356 00:46:09,880 --> 00:46:16,800 Debating, ladies and gentlemen, is at the very heart of British political culture, of 357 00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:21,980 the culture of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, of our history, of the great 358 00:46:21,980 --> 00:46:23,880 debating challenges 359 00:46:23,880 --> 00:46:26,199 and debates of the 19th century 360 00:46:26,199 --> 00:46:27,739 between the Israeli and the Western 361 00:46:27,739 --> 00:46:29,880 of the great British 362 00:46:29,880 --> 00:46:31,780 political leaders of the 20th century 363 00:46:31,780 --> 00:46:33,960 David Lloyd George, Winston Churchill 364 00:46:33,960 --> 00:46:35,860 Margaret Thatcher, people who 365 00:46:35,860 --> 00:46:37,719 inspired their nation 366 00:46:37,719 --> 00:46:39,280 through two world wars 367 00:46:39,280 --> 00:46:41,460 to be a beacon of liberty 368 00:46:41,460 --> 00:46:42,800 for the world 369 00:46:42,800 --> 00:46:45,960 people who used the English language 370 00:46:45,960 --> 00:46:48,039 to inspire and to 371 00:46:48,039 --> 00:46:49,840 educate and to change 372 00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:51,599 their country and the world 373 00:46:51,599 --> 00:47:02,940 And that, that is the opportunity that is offered to you too, to be part of that culture, to learn from that culture, and to share it with people from right across the globe. 374 00:47:02,940 --> 00:47:08,360 And that's not just some quintessential British fosfer, but a bit. 375 00:47:10,039 --> 00:47:25,579 That ability to speak and debate in English is for me a life skill of inspecible value in today's ever more plural and international and competitive world. 376 00:47:25,579 --> 00:47:36,579 An ability to listen to a range of viewpoints, to research and develop your arguments, to advocate your own values and beliefs, and to hold your own view. 377 00:47:36,579 --> 00:47:45,579 Yes, a little bit of diplomacy, a little bit of tact, but also with a passion. A passion that we saw in today's debate. 378 00:47:45,579 --> 00:47:52,579 to do so clearly in a second language, as we have seen today, I think is hugely impressive. 379 00:47:52,579 --> 00:47:57,579 It's testament to the extraordinary value of the education programme we've been in for a bit, 380 00:47:57,579 --> 00:48:02,579 and shows just how much talent there is here today, in Madrid, in Spain, 381 00:48:02,579 --> 00:48:09,579 and I think it speaks tremendously strongly of the future, of the future of Spain. 382 00:48:09,579 --> 00:48:19,639 So I, therefore, congratulate the English-speaking years away, and the ones who have been here, who have done it, who have never been, for this excellent new initiative. 383 00:48:19,960 --> 00:48:29,579 Cambridge English, for their very active support, the very amazing teachers, who have worked so hard to train participants, and of course, the participants themselves. 384 00:48:29,579 --> 00:48:37,099 Each and every one of you, each and every one of you, should take real pride in what you have achieved today and in the previous days. 385 00:48:37,099 --> 00:48:45,099 and from what that says to you about your future as young Spaniards entering the 21st century. 386 00:48:45,099 --> 00:48:50,099 I look forward very much to the second edition of the English-speaking year, 387 00:48:50,099 --> 00:48:55,099 the Jewish-schools-based economy speaking tournament, and to be here with you again next year. 388 00:48:55,099 --> 00:48:59,099 Thank you very much. And let's pass to the prize-giving! 389 00:48:59,099 --> 00:49:36,130 Okay, this is the big moment. There will be, okay, we will start. There will be 14 lines that will be won in the middle of the prize. 390 00:49:36,130 --> 00:50:07,789 And we will start giving you the name of the team which came fourth. And we will ask the students to please come up. And Mr. Ibrahim participated. So I will start first with the fourth prize. 391 00:50:07,789 --> 00:50:14,789 And the team which came 4th in today's debate was 392 00:50:14,789 --> 00:50:16,789 Premier United. 393 00:50:16,789 --> 00:52:38,699 The 2nd team right, which is for the 3rd place team, 394 00:52:38,699 --> 00:52:41,699 the team who came 3rd in the debate, 395 00:52:41,699 --> 00:52:44,699 is for OMNLF. 396 00:52:44,699 --> 00:53:21,159 Silvia Camundi. 397 00:53:21,159 --> 00:54:41,849 The next would be the 2nd place team, 398 00:54:41,849 --> 00:54:47,849 Okay, this will be the team of the people which can set an end to the debate. 399 00:54:47,849 --> 00:54:49,849 And it is the other part. 400 00:54:50,849 --> 00:55:33,769 The other part is... 401 00:55:33,769 --> 00:55:40,769 Is accompanied by a small gift, which is contributed by a member of the university. 402 00:55:40,769 --> 00:56:06,809 The name is Utrecht. 403 00:56:06,809 --> 00:56:21,679 The name is the other member of the university. 404 00:56:21,679 --> 00:57:23,050 The first prize was of manatees and 11 emperors. 405 00:57:23,050 --> 00:57:29,050 Okay, now we're going to have the first prize being given. 406 00:57:29,050 --> 00:57:34,050 And the first prize, apart from the diploma, is a little bit. 407 00:57:34,050 --> 00:57:49,170 They will see what the prize is when it is delivered. 408 00:57:49,170 --> 00:57:54,170 I'm not really able to describe it. It's actually very difficult to describe the prizes. 409 00:57:54,170 --> 00:58:00,170 So, the school is Gautama and Namaah. 410 00:58:00,170 --> 00:58:55,610 So, here, I was scared to say that. 411 00:58:55,610 --> 00:59:07,559 But, we get more. 412 00:59:07,559 --> 01:00:01,460 The winner, the best speaker of the world, 413 01:00:01,460 --> 01:00:14,679 and he will be watching is 414 01:00:14,679 --> 01:00:15,679 Pawan Arun. 415 01:00:15,679 --> 01:01:47,059 Pawan Arun is this ceremony. 416 01:01:47,059 --> 01:01:51,059 And for my part, thank you very much to everyone. 417 01:01:51,059 --> 01:01:56,059 and congratulations to all of them. 418 01:01:56,059 --> 01:02:26,699 I beg your pardon, but once I've seen what you are able to do, 419 01:02:26,699 --> 01:02:32,699 your skills, your gratitude, your confidence, 420 01:02:32,699 --> 01:02:35,699 your patience for speaking English, 421 01:02:35,699 --> 01:02:42,699 I think it's better for all of us that I say a few words in Spanish. 422 01:02:42,699 --> 01:02:54,139 I would like to express my gratitude to the lecturers, to the institutions, to the professors, 423 01:02:54,139 --> 01:02:58,139 to you, the participants, for the relationship with the University of Madrid, 424 01:02:58,139 --> 01:03:03,139 for providing this place for this first and final year. 425 01:03:03,139 --> 01:03:07,139 The University of Madrid is an institution that has more than 200 years of history, 426 01:03:07,139 --> 01:03:15,139 that was founded with the aim of generating and spreading education, science and culture 427 01:03:15,139 --> 01:03:18,139 through all the media throughout the world. 428 01:03:18,139 --> 01:03:29,659 In the last 200 years, they have passed through here, they have lived here, they have learned here, 429 01:03:29,659 --> 01:03:35,659 they have become a good part of the Spanish history, 430 01:03:35,659 --> 01:03:58,900 It was the first place where we have been visible, it was the first place where the 431 01:03:58,900 --> 01:04:04,900 institution of the development of culture reached the layers that until that time had 432 01:04:04,900 --> 01:04:17,900 given its access. Here, from here, you can see Mabra, Azaña, Marignac, Zorin, 433 01:04:17,900 --> 01:04:30,900 When we think about the great masters, the great poets of Spain, a good part of them were here, they learned here, they became protagonists here. 434 01:04:30,900 --> 01:04:44,900 And they did it the same way you do today, which is to listen, to debate, to argument, to counter-argument, to generate your own opinion from the knowledge of the opinions of the animals, 435 01:04:44,900 --> 01:04:48,900 to respect them and to confront them with the opinions of others. 436 01:04:48,900 --> 01:04:52,900 That's why, in a time so hypercritical with everything, 437 01:04:52,900 --> 01:04:58,869 with the politicians, with the young people, 438 01:04:58,869 --> 01:05:02,869 with the lawyers, with the teachers, with the teachers, 439 01:05:02,869 --> 01:05:05,869 with the social organizations, 440 01:05:05,869 --> 01:05:09,869 to live in a moment like this, because you have advanced, 441 01:05:09,869 --> 01:05:13,949 you know what you know. 442 01:05:13,949 --> 01:05:16,949 And today, that's what I want to say, not in my name, 443 01:05:16,949 --> 01:05:23,469 but in the name of all these rare characters who lived in our countries. 444 01:05:23,469 --> 01:05:48,840 I want to thank all of you for your hard work and I think you can be absolutely amazing. 445 01:05:48,840 --> 01:06:04,039 Especially you, the protagonists, the men, I don't just want to congratulate all these characters. 446 01:06:04,039 --> 01:06:34,920 Despite the fact that this is the first group of the center, 447 01:06:34,920 --> 01:06:41,420 I would like to thank the students who have taken part in the debate 448 01:06:41,420 --> 01:06:44,420 and the professors who have presented themselves. 449 01:06:44,420 --> 01:06:47,619 I will call them one by one. 450 01:06:47,619 --> 01:06:58,550 The first group that we are going to call is the Dr. Mariano Institute. 451 01:06:58,550 --> 01:15:57,319 The first group is the Dr. Mariano Institute. 452 01:15:57,319 --> 01:16:47,539 The second group is the Dr. Mariano Institute. 453 01:16:47,539 --> 01:17:01,779 The third group is the Dr. Mariano Institute.