1 00:00:03,819 --> 00:00:11,820 point, the consolidation of Peninsular Kingdoms, and I'm going to show you the pages of this 2 00:00:11,820 --> 00:00:34,079 topic or this demo, explain to be easier for you to understand, ok? 3 00:00:34,079 --> 00:00:43,420 I know maybe this unit is a little bit complicated, related to the history that maybe you don't 4 00:00:43,420 --> 00:00:45,420 understand or whatever, ok? 5 00:00:45,420 --> 00:00:51,420 And you will have this presentation also in the aula virtual, like always. 6 00:00:51,420 --> 00:01:00,979 Ok, first of all we are going to see something that is called Viña de los Cinco Reinos, ok? 7 00:01:00,979 --> 00:01:07,319 And here we have a map of these five kingdoms. 8 00:01:07,319 --> 00:01:17,319 The crown of Castile, the crown of Aragón, the kingdom of Navarre, the kingdom of Portugal and the kingdom of Granada. 9 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:30,040 and here we have four of these five kingdoms are christian okay it's muslim the one who refers to 10 00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:37,959 granada so uh the nazirite kingdom of granada we will see later during this unit so don't worry at 11 00:01:37,959 --> 00:01:46,200 all but today we are going to explain how these four kingdoms or even crowns were formed okay 12 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:56,840 so we are going to explain one by one these four kingdoms okay this is a diagram as we used to do 13 00:01:56,840 --> 00:02:05,400 in the blackboard okay and summary these two pages so you can see it's short and i mean it's only one 14 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:11,639 page okay and here you have the diagram and you have to copy it in your notebook this is the 15 00:02:11,639 --> 00:02:17,560 theory that you need to write down in your notebooks okay i'm going to explain it but 16 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:26,599 here you have it i know this maybe is too small for a a very good reading so in different slides 17 00:02:26,599 --> 00:02:35,719 i'm going to make a zoom in this text to be easier to understand okay and also i have separate each 18 00:02:35,719 --> 00:02:43,419 each part from each kingdom, that means we have one from the Crown of Castile, the Kingdom 19 00:02:43,419 --> 00:02:47,500 of Portugal, the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre. 20 00:02:47,500 --> 00:02:54,219 So we are going to have each part related to each kingdom, but at the end of the presentation 21 00:02:54,219 --> 00:03:03,520 you have this diagram divided into two parts to see better the letters and the calligraphy 22 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:04,520 and whatever. 23 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:19,919 Okay, so here we have the crown of Castile. I think you have already known that the most important kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula were Castile and Aragon because we have crown. 24 00:03:19,919 --> 00:03:32,479 What is the difference between crown and kingdom? Kingdom is only one thing, but in a crown we have more than one kingdom. That is the idea. 25 00:03:32,479 --> 00:03:47,590 Here we have in the crown of Castile, we have the kingdom of Galicia, the kingdom of León and the kingdom. These three territories form the crown of Castile. 26 00:03:47,590 --> 00:04:19,180 In Aragon we have the Catalan Counties, we have the Kingdom of Aragon, and we have the Kingdom of Valencia here, and also we have four kingdoms in one crown, three kingdoms in one crown, they are only kingdoms. 27 00:04:19,180 --> 00:04:26,300 okay this is the reason why we have crowns and kingdoms okay so crown still you already know 28 00:04:26,860 --> 00:04:34,579 the origin of this crown or kingdom was a count okay if you remember okay 29 00:04:41,310 --> 00:05:10,339 okay two crowns okay so here in our diagram we have union and sometimes together here we have 30 00:05:10,339 --> 00:05:18,240 different moments you don't have to remember when right or when they were separate you have to learn 31 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:24,000 that but i want you to understand the reasons why sometimes are together and sometimes they are 32 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:31,920 apart okay so here we have ferdinand the first if you remember we explained this in in class 33 00:05:31,920 --> 00:05:38,240 ferdinand the first is the son of sancho tercero el mayor sancho the third rate 34 00:05:41,839 --> 00:05:51,680 rey de Pamplona, conde de Aragón, conde de Sobrarbe y Río Algorza, y conde consorte de Castilla, es decir, estaba casado con la condesa de Castilla. 35 00:05:51,680 --> 00:06:02,959 So, for this reason, they inherited their son, Ferdinand I, o Fernando I de Castilla, the county. 36 00:06:02,959 --> 00:06:13,759 sorry so ferdinand gets married with the sister of the kingdom of leon if you remember bermudo 37 00:06:13,759 --> 00:06:22,040 i was telling you bermudo tercero uh he had a sister that was called santa and bermudo was 38 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:30,040 killed in a battle by ferdinand the first es decir fernando primero mata a su cuñado que es 39 00:06:30,040 --> 00:06:36,720 king of leon and automatically becomes fernando in king of leon because he was married to sancho 40 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:43,720 I'm going to write it down here a little bit so that you understand it a little better, so that you understand it. 41 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:56,439 We have here to Bermudo, who is the brother of Sancha, who is married to Fernando. 42 00:06:56,439 --> 00:07:00,439 Bermudo is the king of León. 43 00:07:00,439 --> 00:07:18,649 So, if Fernando kills the sister of the late king, by right of marriage, they become the kings of León. 44 00:07:18,649 --> 00:07:29,649 Why? Because Fernando killed the previous king, and since he was married to the sister of the king, by right of marriage, he has the right to stay with the kingdom. 45 00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:34,649 What happens if Fernando becomes King of León and was already Count of Castile? 46 00:07:34,649 --> 00:07:40,649 We have it here, because his father, Sancho III el Mayor, left the County of Castile in inheritance. 47 00:07:40,649 --> 00:07:51,649 We have that Fernando Ferdinand, I was going to write it down, has on the one hand Castile by inheritance of his father and León by marriage with Sancha, 48 00:07:51,649 --> 00:07:55,649 who was the sister of Bermudo III, who died in 1037. 49 00:07:55,649 --> 00:08:03,649 That's why the Kingdom of Castile, sorry, the County of Castile and the Kingdom of Leon 50 00:08:03,649 --> 00:08:07,649 are united in 1037, okay? 51 00:08:07,649 --> 00:08:12,649 I know this part is maybe a little bit complicated, but you can ask me. 52 00:08:12,649 --> 00:08:18,649 Okay, so we have with Ferdinand I, Leon and Castile were together. 53 00:08:18,649 --> 00:08:21,649 But what happened when Ferdinand died? 54 00:08:21,649 --> 00:08:30,189 when he died he divided again the territory between his sons or his children okay so 55 00:08:30,189 --> 00:08:39,149 we have that it depends on the king to be united or separate okay so later we have 56 00:08:39,149 --> 00:08:47,409 the six sorry here we have ferdinand the first okay so here we have leon and castile 57 00:08:47,409 --> 00:08:50,769 the count of Castile 58 00:08:50,769 --> 00:08:52,950 and later we have another king 59 00:08:52,950 --> 00:08:54,909 that joined again 60 00:08:54,909 --> 00:08:56,110 León and Castile 61 00:08:56,110 --> 00:08:57,809 this king, Alfonso VI 62 00:08:57,809 --> 00:08:59,730 what do I mean by the sixth? 63 00:08:59,950 --> 00:09:01,590 the sixth 64 00:09:01,590 --> 00:09:04,350 was the one 65 00:09:04,350 --> 00:09:07,009 who was with the 66 00:09:07,009 --> 00:09:07,230 fifth 67 00:09:07,230 --> 00:09:10,450 and here we have Urraca 68 00:09:10,450 --> 00:09:12,049 who was the one who tried to 69 00:09:12,049 --> 00:09:18,580 and Urraca kept them and then they separated 70 00:09:18,580 --> 00:09:20,320 again, so as you can see 71 00:09:20,320 --> 00:09:42,940 It is not necessary that you learn it, but I want you to understand that the dynamics of both kingdoms is that they can be joined with a king, in the case of Fernando, in the case of Alfonso, but when Alfonso dies and Urraca passes, when a king decides to divide the territory as an inheritance for his children, then we start again. 72 00:09:42,940 --> 00:09:49,299 When does the definitive union occur? Well, it will be with Fernando III, okay? Fernando III already 73 00:09:49,299 --> 00:09:55,419 maintains it, father of Alfonso X, the wise man, and well, he already remains united until practically 74 00:09:57,820 --> 00:10:03,820 the 18th century or so, that Spain was already more united, okay? Because it already included all the kingdoms. There, yes, 75 00:10:03,820 --> 00:10:10,039 there is territorial unification, but hey, that's another topic. So, we have that the dynamic of the 76 00:10:10,039 --> 00:10:15,120 crown of Castile or the kingdom of Castile and the kingdom of Leon is that they get together and separate 77 00:10:15,120 --> 00:10:23,559 several times until already Fernando III in 1230, we have it here, as he inherits from his mother 78 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:39,779 Castile and from his father Leon, because already by nose it is his and he decides no, so if Fernando no longer divides the territory, it is a single territory forming the crown of Castile, I repeat a little more 79 00:10:39,779 --> 00:10:48,929 In short, León was a county, that is, Castile depended on León. 80 00:10:48,929 --> 00:10:57,200 But what happens is that Fernando González independentizes from León and from there the Kingdom of Castile is formed. 81 00:10:57,200 --> 00:11:00,200 They are like two independent territories. What happens? 82 00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:08,200 That from Fernando I, son of Sancho III the Elder, as Sancho had so many children, Fernando gives him Castile. 83 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:23,759 By marriage with the sister of King Leon, he has an option to the throne of Leon, what happens is that if he kills him, then Fernando stays with the two, that is what we have seen, but when Fernando dies, he divides it again, so the union was very brief. 84 00:11:23,759 --> 00:11:39,759 His children, or his grandson Alfonso VI, reunites him again and passes it on to his sister Urraca, and Urraca passes it on to his son Alfonso VII, who decides to divide the territory again. 85 00:11:39,759 --> 00:11:47,340 of the territory, the kingdom of Leon on one side and the kingdom of Castile on the other, until we already reach Fernando III, who as he receives 86 00:11:47,340 --> 00:11:53,139 by inheritance Castile from his mother and León from his father, he already unites them and decides not to separate them. When he dies in his 87 00:11:53,139 --> 00:12:00,519 will, the whole kingdom passes on to his son and that is when the crown of Castile is formed, which is 88 00:12:00,519 --> 00:12:06,159 when, if you realize, it is not the crown of Leon but Castile. Castile becomes the important one and 89 00:12:06,159 --> 00:12:08,759 That it was a simple county when it started, okay? 90 00:12:08,980 --> 00:12:14,000 So that's a bit of the dichotomy or the trend that Castile has. 91 00:12:14,139 --> 00:12:15,820 They get together, they separate, they get together, they separate, 92 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,179 until they reach the 13th century, 1230, with Fernando III, 93 00:12:19,460 --> 00:12:23,620 when they are already united forever, okay? 94 00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:28,179 Okay, with Portugal it's easier to understand, of course. 95 00:12:28,179 --> 00:12:32,700 Here we have, this is the first king of Portugal, 96 00:12:32,700 --> 00:12:42,720 It is called Alfonso Enriquez, in Spanish Enriquez Sinache, and he is the first king of Portugal. 97 00:12:43,059 --> 00:12:46,139 What was the origin of Portugal? 98 00:12:46,820 --> 00:12:55,730 Portugal was part of the Kingdom of León, similar to the idea of Castile. 99 00:12:55,730 --> 00:13:05,730 Portugal was a county formed by León and for this reason was dependent on the kingdom. 100 00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:16,070 It means the kingdom of León had different territories and one of these territories was the county of Portugal. 101 00:13:16,070 --> 00:13:22,070 In this year, in the 12th century, this count proclaimed himself king. 102 00:13:22,070 --> 00:13:30,070 So they made independent Portugal from León and they changed from a county to a kingdom. 103 00:13:30,070 --> 00:13:40,070 So Alfonso Enriquez is the first king of Portugal because before him Portugal was a county. 104 00:13:40,070 --> 00:13:46,070 And here you have a picture showing you one of the castles. 105 00:13:46,070 --> 00:13:49,070 I searched for a map but I couldn't find it. 106 00:13:49,070 --> 00:13:55,149 So you only have to remember that Portugal was part of the kingdom of León, was a county, 107 00:13:56,029 --> 00:14:02,190 so was dependent of the kingdom. But when one count, this one, Alfonso Enriquez, 108 00:14:02,190 --> 00:14:08,669 decided to make independent the county and proclaims himself king, Portugal changed from a 109 00:14:08,669 --> 00:14:15,950 county to a kingdom, okay? So you see, Portugal is very easy to understand. I like so much the 110 00:14:15,950 --> 00:14:22,950 the origin of the crown of Aragón. As I told you, the crown of Aragón had different territories. 111 00:14:22,950 --> 00:14:30,950 In the origin was this. Here we have Reino de Aragón. This part are the Catalan counties. 112 00:14:30,950 --> 00:14:35,950 Especially the orange part, the green part, as you can see, are counted in orbit, but it ends up being Catalan. 113 00:14:35,950 --> 00:14:49,090 Oh, I like so much this crown, because I like... 114 00:14:49,090 --> 00:14:58,269 Here we have the marriage between Petronila, okay, that was the daughter and the heir of the kingdom, of the king, sorry, of Aragon, 115 00:14:58,870 --> 00:15:04,490 and Ramón Berenguer IV was count of Barcelona. 116 00:15:04,490 --> 00:15:22,889 Okay, I like so much because Petronila was the daughter of a bishop or a monk, okay, that means Petronila was the daughter of a monk, a monk who was the brother of the king. 117 00:15:22,889 --> 00:15:29,889 I'm going to use the genealogical tree of the Kingdom of Navarra, which is useful for both of us. 118 00:15:29,889 --> 00:15:35,889 You see this man that we have here marked in red, Alfonso I of Aragon. 119 00:15:35,889 --> 00:15:44,889 It is important that we understand, as you can see here we have the union between Petronila and Ramón Berenguer IV. 120 00:15:44,889 --> 00:15:53,159 Alfonso I, king of Aragon, we have this genealogical tree on the side of Navarra, did not have children. 121 00:15:53,159 --> 00:15:59,159 So, if you do not have children, you have to leave in a testament to whom you give them. 122 00:15:59,159 --> 00:16:09,120 What happened? That Alfonso I was a very, very devoted, very religious man and decided to donate his kingdom to the military orders. 123 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:20,120 That is, he left Aragon without a king and gave the military orders a tremendous power, which was to have a kingdom. 124 00:16:20,120 --> 00:16:33,759 What happened? Well, the councilors of Aragon totally ignored Alfonso I's will, they didn't listen to him because they said, this man has gone to hell and we don't care, and they go for Alfonso I's brother. 125 00:16:33,759 --> 00:16:38,259 Pedro does not interest us now. If you remember, when we were looking at the social 126 00:16:38,259 --> 00:16:43,899 estaments, I told you that normally the children of the nobility, the second and third children of 127 00:16:43,899 --> 00:16:51,820 the nobility or royalty, who were the firstborn, ended up in a monastery or becoming religious. 128 00:16:51,820 --> 00:16:57,539 Well, this was the case. Alfonso I is the one who reigned and Ramiro II said, well, I'm going to the 129 00:16:57,539 --> 00:17:02,700 monastery, which I like more, I'm not going to be king because my brother is there, who will already have children and 130 00:17:02,700 --> 00:17:07,700 and it will be their children who reign. I go quietly to my monastery. 131 00:17:07,700 --> 00:17:14,700 What happens? That when Alfonso dies and donates or inherits his territory to the military orders 132 00:17:14,700 --> 00:17:18,700 and the nobles tell him that there is none, they are going to look for Ramiro II. 133 00:17:18,700 --> 00:17:23,700 So imagine a lord who is already older, who was closing a monastery, who had done celibacy, 134 00:17:23,700 --> 00:17:27,700 who had fulfilled a monastic order, they tell him, sir, now you are going to be king. 135 00:17:27,700 --> 00:17:31,700 And Ramiro says, no, I am not going to be king. And they tell him, okay, let's do one thing. 136 00:17:31,700 --> 00:17:38,700 You are not the king, because you want to continue your life in the monastery, but we need you to have an heir. 137 00:17:38,700 --> 00:17:43,700 So, of course, Ramiro II sees himself in the breach of having to marry. 138 00:17:43,700 --> 00:17:48,700 Imagine a situation, a monk who leaves the monastery, they force him to marry, he has a daughter, Petronila, 139 00:17:48,700 --> 00:17:56,700 and as soon as he has his daughter, he says, well, gentlemen, I'm going back to the monastery, I'm not interested in knowing anything about my son or my wife, I'm going to the monastery. 140 00:17:56,700 --> 00:18:29,839 Ramiro, as Petronila was a woman and was not allowed to reign over women, was born in the crown of Aragon in Castile, but beware, Petronila was born in 1336 and notice the year in which he begins to reign, 1137, how is that possible? 141 00:18:29,839 --> 00:18:39,349 The poor girl is married to a man, Ramón Berenguer IV, who gives her 22 years. 142 00:18:39,349 --> 00:18:57,150 That is, when the marriage is effective, that is, when the girl is older and the marriage is consumed in 1105. 143 00:18:57,150 --> 00:19:01,150 What happens when she is older to be able to consume the marriage and have children? 144 00:19:01,150 --> 00:19:03,150 That is when it becomes, above all, effective. 145 00:19:03,150 --> 00:19:05,779 So what happens? 146 00:19:05,779 --> 00:19:30,859 He gave Ramón Berenguer the option of marrying his daughter, but he did not make him king of Aragon, the king of Aragon would be the son of ambos, Alfonso II, then Ramón Berenguer and Pedro Nila unite both territories, unite the kingdom of Aragon with the Catalan counties and his son, Alfonso II, will be the first king of the crown of Aragon, that is, when they have already united the territories, okay? 147 00:19:30,859 --> 00:19:37,859 That's why I say I like the story, because I think it's a bit cheesy, it doesn't make sense, but that's the way it is. 148 00:19:37,859 --> 00:19:39,859 This man, Ramiro II, makes me very happy. 149 00:19:39,859 --> 00:19:46,680 They call him Ramiro II just in case you were curious, so you know where his name comes from. 150 00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:52,680 So now when we go to explain Navarra, I explain why we had here the genealogical tree of Sánchez III el Mayor. 151 00:20:06,750 --> 00:20:12,750 They created the Crown of Aragon, but the first king was Alfonso II, their son. 152 00:20:12,750 --> 00:20:19,750 As their son, they inherited both territories and the first king of the Crown of Aragon. 153 00:20:19,750 --> 00:20:24,750 And what happened with this union? What were the consequences of this union? 154 00:20:24,750 --> 00:20:27,750 Here we have the increase of military strength. 155 00:20:27,750 --> 00:20:35,150 strength. Of course, if we join two strong kingdoms or strong territories, we are stronger 156 00:20:35,150 --> 00:20:42,410 to conquer whatever they want. That means Al-Andalus in the south or Mallorca in the 157 00:20:42,410 --> 00:20:48,150 east. As I told you, the kingdom of Mallorca was part of the crown of Aragon, but not from 158 00:20:48,150 --> 00:20:53,910 the beginning. It's a conqueror. So here we have the military strength, expand to the 159 00:20:53,910 --> 00:20:59,910 out and conquer new territories okay and here we have the marriage okay here we have the 160 00:21:01,190 --> 00:21:08,470 the rings showing us how they create the crown and the last territory that we are going to see 161 00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:18,789 is navarre okay and this is nowadays the actual navarre okay and here we have different things 162 00:21:18,789 --> 00:21:23,750 First of all, Sancho Ramírez of Aragón. Here we have Sancho Ramírez. 163 00:22:06,359 --> 00:22:11,640 to give it to Sancho. Therefore, Sancho Ramírez joins the Kingdom of Aragon by inheritance of his father and 164 00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:16,200 with the Kingdom of Pamplona by inheritance of his uncle. That is why we have Sancho Ramírez 165 00:22:16,200 --> 00:22:22,259 as a king who unites both territories. What happens? That his son, Alfonso I, inherits both 166 00:22:22,259 --> 00:22:28,319 Navarre and Aragon. And here is where the story of his brother monk comes in again. We have here 167 00:22:28,319 --> 00:22:34,160 Alfonso I, after his death, separated in a Pamplona in Aragon. Why? We have already said that this 168 00:22:34,160 --> 00:23:03,359 This man does not pay attention to his will, so what I have told you about Petronila and the son of the monk and all is from the part of the kingdom of Aragon, but with the part of Navarre they said, well, okay, we do not pay attention to the will, nothing happens, we look for another, and they looked for García Ramírez, who was the son of a noble, quite influential in Pamplona, okay, then, like the Aragonese, they looked for the trick of taking the brother of the king of the monastery and forcing him to have a child, 169 00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:10,359 The Navarros, for their part, looked for a substitute and said, well, let's look for another king who is capable of governing. 170 00:23:10,359 --> 00:23:15,359 So he was named a new king and controlled the territory more or less as it is today in Navarra. 171 00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:22,359 But the last one, and if you are interested, I don't know if you have noticed that it can be called the Kingdom of Pamplona, that is, the Kingdom of Pamplona and the Kingdom of Navarra. 172 00:23:22,359 --> 00:23:32,359 It depends on the year we are talking about. Before 1162, Kingdom of Pamplona. From 1162, Kingdom of Navarra. 173 00:23:32,359 --> 00:23:45,119 before 1,162 kingdom of pamplona after 1,162 kingdom of navarra 1,162 alfonso vi the wise man of navarra 174 00:23:45,980 --> 00:23:49,119 changed the name of pamplona to navarra 175 00:23:51,640 --> 00:23:58,859 review super fast good I have told you that you have here the same scheme all together so that you know the order 176 00:23:58,859 --> 00:24:04,859 I have used some colors so that you can distinguish the hierarchy of the titles and such, but well, let you know. 177 00:24:04,859 --> 00:24:11,859 I think it looks a bit messy, but it's interesting. I do like this part of the story a lot, although I know it's complicated. 178 00:24:11,859 --> 00:24:20,859 I advise you one thing, well, I recommend it, it is not mandatory that you do it, taking into account the suspicion that Wikipedia can cause. 179 00:24:20,859 --> 00:24:27,859 But one thing that favors us about Wikipedia is that you click on a name and if more pages are opening up, you start to branch out. 180 00:24:27,859 --> 00:24:30,859 You start with an idea and you end up with 50 open tabs. 181 00:24:30,859 --> 00:24:40,859 And I really like to use Wikipedia for that kind of topic because you start by clicking on Fernando I and you go to León and then to Castilla and then you end up in Navarra. 182 00:24:40,859 --> 00:24:42,859 And you realize that everything is linked. 183 00:24:42,859 --> 00:24:47,859 So if you are curious and you feel like it, I advise you to start looking. 184 00:24:47,859 --> 00:24:51,700 search and I don't know, if you are curious, well, Ramiro II the monk. Well, I already tell you that as soon as you 185 00:24:51,700 --> 00:24:57,339 read the Wikipedia, you will be curious about where this one comes from and why this one. And maybe 186 00:24:57,339 --> 00:25:02,539 it can bother you more, I know, because it is a lot of information, but maybe if you are curious, well, 187 00:25:02,539 --> 00:25:08,799 there, it never comes out, okay? So, well, let you know that Castile and León, as they separate, depending on 188 00:25:08,799 --> 00:25:13,700 who reigns and who leaves the will, until we reach Fernando III, who unites it 189 00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:20,359 definitely in the 13th century. Portugal begins to be a dependent county of León and when Alfonso 190 00:25:20,359 --> 00:25:27,500 Enriquez decides to become independent of León, he forms a kingdom and proclaims himself king. Then Aragon, 191 00:25:27,500 --> 00:25:32,420 what I have told you, between Petronila and Ramón Berenguer, the daughter of the monk and the Catalan count, 192 00:25:32,420 --> 00:25:38,380 who officially marry when they are already one year old, but obviously the marriage is consumed later. 193 00:25:38,380 --> 00:25:43,339 They have a son, Alfonso II, who is the first king of the Crown of Aragon, and well, thanks to that they begin 194 00:25:43,339 --> 00:25:47,240 to conquer towards the south, therefore the reconquest is on the part of Castile and on the part of Aragon 195 00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:53,900 mainly and then finally Navarre because we have several kings here we have the one who dies without 196 00:25:53,900 --> 00:26:00,559 children and that is why Navarre and Aragon are separated, García Ramírez would be the first king of the territory 197 00:26:00,559 --> 00:26:06,140 more or less current that we know and that finally Sancho VI the wise is the one who changes the 198 00:26:06,140 --> 00:26:09,279 name of the kingdom, from Pamplona to Navarra, okay? But in fact, if you have any questions, 199 00:26:09,380 --> 00:26:20,569 I have questions numbered with ABCD, or are these four questions that I have here, okay? ABCD. 200 00:26:20,910 --> 00:26:25,829 So I think that through these questions, it synthesizes quite well the explanation of 201 00:26:25,829 --> 00:26:29,349 today and you will understand it much better. But obviously, as you also have to copy 202 00:26:29,349 --> 00:26:33,089 the scheme in the notebook, it will be clearer for you. And then, finally, exercise 1 of 203 00:26:33,089 --> 00:26:37,690 page 85. For those who are not mistaken, page 85 of my book is this. If it does not 204 00:26:37,690 --> 00:26:43,690 with yours, look for this exercise. If you tell me that you don't have that exercise in your book, 205 00:26:43,690 --> 00:26:47,690 for whatever reason, you have the pdf of the book scanned in the virtual classroom and if you don't have it here, 206 00:26:47,690 --> 00:26:53,690 you have your own statement that you have to do, okay? And you have to sort out four facts, 207 00:26:53,690 --> 00:26:57,690 I think you do it in two minutes. And nothing guys, little more. As always, 208 00:26:57,690 --> 00:27:01,690 you write in the notebook, you copy the questions and it's for the seventh day. 209 00:27:01,690 --> 00:27:05,690 Any questions you have about the theory of this class, which I know is complicated, 210 00:27:05,690 --> 00:27:07,450 Ask it freely, okay? 211 00:27:07,809 --> 00:27:14,430 The next live class we have is on Tuesday the 12th, okay? 212 00:27:14,490 --> 00:27:19,910 Remember that on the 11th you have the test of the 6th issue, well, the questionnaire, the 6th issue of the cities. 213 00:27:20,549 --> 00:27:25,170 All the doubts you have from this part, if you see that you don't want to ask it through the forum, 214 00:27:25,410 --> 00:27:27,950 then ask me if you want it on the 12th, if not, okay? 215 00:27:28,089 --> 00:27:33,549 And that's it, guys. For my part, the class is over and that's it. 216 00:27:34,089 --> 00:27:34,589 Okay, bye.