1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:29,720
You're behind the scenes on the set of Disney Channel's Eve and Stephen's.

2
00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:31,040
My name is Margo Harshman.

3
00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:32,040
I play Tawny Dean.

4
00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:35,960
And let me tell you guys, I just love math and science.

5
00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:40,440
I especially love solving problems, everybody else's problems.

6
00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:43,760
You guys can't miss this episode of the NASA Y-Files.

7
00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:48,560
It's a show about real life inventors who look at problem solving in a whole new way.

8
00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:52,280
So why don't you go join the treehouse detectives and see if you can help them with their wacky

9
00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:53,280
invention.

10
00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:59,280
Hey you, who me, yeah you, come see our clubhouse in a tree.

11
00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:04,280
We are kids on a mission to educate ourselves about the NASA vision.

12
00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:09,280
Come explore math and science cause that's what makes our alliance.

13
00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:16,280
We are the Y-Files club, we yearn to learn and want to see everything that we can be.

14
00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:21,280
So come join us on our journey, don't you touch that dial.

15
00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:24,280
And welcome to the NASA Y-Files.

16
00:01:28,280 --> 00:01:33,280
In this episode of the Case of the Wright Invention, you'll be asked to answer the

17
00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:36,280
following questions.

18
00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:39,280
Who were Orville and Wilbur Wright?

19
00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:44,280
How is the invention process similar to the scientific method?

20
00:01:44,280 --> 00:01:50,280
And how do the treehouse detectives use the problem board for the invention process?

21
00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:54,280
When you see this icon, it's a clue that the answer is near.

22
00:01:54,280 --> 00:02:01,280
Now pay attention as the treehouse detectives uncover the Case of the Wright Invention.

23
00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:05,280
I'm bored.

24
00:02:05,280 --> 00:02:07,280
We need something fun to do.

25
00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:08,280
We need an adventure.

26
00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:09,280
Did I tell you?

27
00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:14,280
I'm going to build a kite and enter it in the U.S. Air Force Museum annual kite festival

28
00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:15,280
in Dayton, Ohio.

29
00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:17,280
No way, that is so cool.

30
00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:18,280
What kind?

31
00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:19,280
I don't know yet.

32
00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:20,280
I brought this really cool book.

33
00:02:20,280 --> 00:02:22,280
It has all kinds of trivia.

34
00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:27,280
Did you know that people in China have been flying kites for over 3,000 years?

35
00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:30,280
You guys won't believe what happened to me yesterday.

36
00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:31,280
I still can't believe it.

37
00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:36,280
I was riding home from the treehouse as it was getting dark and a car almost hit me.

38
00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:37,280
Are you alright?

39
00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:38,280
Uh-huh, but it scared me.

40
00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:40,280
I wish bikes were easy to see at night.

41
00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:42,280
That happened to me once.

42
00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:45,280
Maybe we could find something on bike safety on the Internet.

43
00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:47,280
That's a good idea.

44
00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:52,280
And in science news, today marks the first day of the annual Invention Innovation Convention.

45
00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:57,280
Our reporter, I Am Listening, is down at the Thomas Edison Center with this report.

46
00:02:57,280 --> 00:02:58,280
Thanks, Ted.

47
00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:03,280
Kids from across the country are gathering here to showcase their latest and greatest inventions,

48
00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:07,280
each one hoping to win the coveted Kid Genius Award.

49
00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:12,280
Kids' Science News Network will be bringing you live up-to-the-minute coverage of this historic event.

50
00:03:12,280 --> 00:03:14,280
Back to you, Ted.

51
00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:18,280
I wish someone would invent a device that holds scalding hot coffee.

52
00:03:18,280 --> 00:03:19,280
Ow!

53
00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:23,280
What an amazing invention.

54
00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:26,280
This is Ted Toon saying goodnight from KSNN.

55
00:03:26,280 --> 00:03:28,280
Now you're talking.

56
00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:29,280
Yeah, we can do this.

57
00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:32,280
We should have entered contests because I bet we could win.

58
00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:34,280
We're the treehouse detectives.

59
00:03:34,280 --> 00:03:37,280
I know we can win this contest with our...

60
00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:38,280
Invention.

61
00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:41,280
We won the Extraordinary Contest last year, didn't we?

62
00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:47,280
Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the treehouse detectives, I am honored to accept this award.

63
00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:50,280
But what should we invent?

64
00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:52,280
Yeah, come on, we can do this.

65
00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:54,280
We just have to put our minds to it.

66
00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,280
We always start at the beginning.

67
00:03:56,280 --> 00:03:58,280
Yeah, ask questions.

68
00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:00,280
Like, what do inventors do?

69
00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:01,280
What's an inventor?

70
00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:03,280
Here we go.

71
00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:04,280
The Wright Brothers.

72
00:04:04,280 --> 00:04:05,280
They were really big inventors.

73
00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,280
This is a story about how they invented the...

74
00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:12,280
Aerial plane.

75
00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:14,280
Oh, I get it. The airplane.

76
00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:19,280
When you drive a wagon, you don't have to worry about it tipping over, do you?

77
00:04:19,280 --> 00:04:22,280
Well, that depends upon the smoothness of the road.

78
00:04:22,280 --> 00:04:25,280
Pay attention.

79
00:04:25,280 --> 00:04:29,280
No, you steer a wagon to make it go where you want it to go,

80
00:04:29,280 --> 00:04:34,280
but you don't have to worry about it tipping over because it's stable.

81
00:04:34,280 --> 00:04:38,280
However, a bicycle is completely different.

82
00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:42,280
When you're riding a bicycle, you have to steer like a wagon,

83
00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:47,280
but you must also constantly shift your weight from side to side as you ride

84
00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:52,280
to prevent the bicycle from falling over because it's an unstable vehicle.

85
00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:54,280
What are you getting at, Wilbur?

86
00:04:54,280 --> 00:05:00,280
Well, instead of stability, we should concentrate on the ability to control an airplane.

87
00:05:00,280 --> 00:05:03,280
It should be an unstable vehicle.

88
00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:06,280
You should have to balance an airplane in the air.

89
00:05:06,280 --> 00:05:08,280
Much like you have to balance on a bicycle.

90
00:05:08,280 --> 00:05:10,280
Isn't that what birds do? Balance in the air.

91
00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:16,280
Yes. The problem of balance is the problem of flight itself.

92
00:05:16,280 --> 00:05:20,280
We can control the pitch and yaw of an airplane,

93
00:05:20,280 --> 00:05:25,280
but no one's been able to control the rolling from side to side.

94
00:05:25,280 --> 00:05:29,280
Wilbur, I believe we can.

95
00:05:29,280 --> 00:05:34,280
It's only a question of knowledge and skill, as in all acrobatic feats.

96
00:05:34,280 --> 00:05:38,280
It may not be as easy as learning to ride a bicycle,

97
00:05:38,280 --> 00:05:41,280
but this is a problem we can solve.

98
00:05:41,280 --> 00:05:44,280
You and I.

99
00:05:44,280 --> 00:05:48,280
Well, Wilbur, what are we waiting for? We've got work to do.

100
00:05:48,280 --> 00:05:50,280
That was really strange.

101
00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:54,280
It was like I was really there talking to the Wright Brothers.

102
00:05:54,280 --> 00:05:55,280
Maybe this is a clue.

103
00:05:55,280 --> 00:05:59,280
The Wright Brothers must realize that they can solve the problem of flight, as they called it,

104
00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:01,280
once they understood the basic problem.

105
00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:03,280
You know what? Let's talk to Dr. D.

106
00:06:03,280 --> 00:06:06,280
Yeah. He'll know where we should start.

107
00:06:06,280 --> 00:06:10,280
Like Wilbur said, what are we waiting for? We've got work to do. Let's go.

108
00:06:10,280 --> 00:06:14,280
I'll download a Get Up and Go form from the NASA Y-Files website.

109
00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:20,280
Hi, Dr. D.

110
00:06:20,280 --> 00:06:21,280
Hi, kids. What's up?

111
00:06:21,280 --> 00:06:24,280
We want to become great inventors, but we don't know where to start.

112
00:06:24,280 --> 00:06:26,280
Can you help us?

113
00:06:26,280 --> 00:06:28,280
How do you get an idea for an invention?

114
00:06:28,280 --> 00:06:30,280
Hold on. Take this one step at a time.

115
00:06:30,280 --> 00:06:33,280
The first thing you have to understand is the invention process.

116
00:06:33,280 --> 00:06:36,280
Is that anything like the scientific method?

117
00:06:36,280 --> 00:06:37,280
Very similar.

118
00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:41,280
In the scientific method, you start by identifying or recognizing a problem.

119
00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:50,280
In the invention process, you begin by identifying a need or want.

120
00:06:50,280 --> 00:06:53,280
A list of things that annoy or frustrate you is a starting point.

121
00:06:53,280 --> 00:06:54,280
You might call this a bug list.

122
00:06:54,280 --> 00:06:57,280
I know lots of things that bug me, like my sister.

123
00:06:57,280 --> 00:07:01,280
Let's take an example that you're a bug because you're always losing your portable CD player.

124
00:07:01,280 --> 00:07:05,280
The next step in the invention process is to think of solutions to the need or want.

125
00:07:05,280 --> 00:07:09,280
That sounds a lot like the second step in the scientific method.

126
00:07:09,280 --> 00:07:13,280
An idea would be to paint the CD player a bright color so that you can see it easily.

127
00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:15,280
I like the idea to have it beep when you clap your hands.

128
00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:17,280
You're really getting into this now.

129
00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:20,280
Once an inventor has a list of possible solutions,

130
00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:24,280
the next step is to evaluate each one to decide which one to develop.

131
00:07:24,280 --> 00:07:27,280
Maybe we could choose the cheapest one.

132
00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:30,280
Or maybe we could choose the one that we can make by ourselves.

133
00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:35,280
Yes, once you have standards or criteria, it helps to be able to judge amongst the possible solutions.

134
00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:37,280
You can then do research to narrow it down.

135
00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:39,280
The next step is to make a model and test it.

136
00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:41,280
That's like testing the hypothesis.

137
00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:42,280
That's right.

138
00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:47,280
So if we use the bright color, we have to test it to find out which color worked best.

139
00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,280
I'll bet inventors alter and improve their models as they test it.

140
00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:54,280
Just like we have to modify our hypothesis if it doesn't match the data.

141
00:07:54,280 --> 00:07:56,280
You guys are really getting good at this.

142
00:07:56,280 --> 00:07:59,280
Make sure you keep an accurate record of your entire process.

143
00:07:59,280 --> 00:08:00,280
It's really important.

144
00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:02,280
It's like keeping a science journal.

145
00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:05,280
Well, I saw a design log on the National Wildlife Fund's website.

146
00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:08,280
It should help us keep track of our ideas and progress.

147
00:08:08,280 --> 00:08:12,280
I'm sure we'll find plenty of cool ideas to put on our bug list.

148
00:08:12,280 --> 00:08:14,280
Or our needy list.

149
00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:15,280
Wait a minute.

150
00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:17,280
Something that I really need.

151
00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:21,280
I'm trying to find a really great way to show the scientific principle of inertia.

152
00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:24,280
Isn't inertia something about objects at rest staying at rest?

153
00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:26,280
Yes, that's pretty good.

154
00:08:26,280 --> 00:08:30,280
It also explains that objects in motion remain in motion unless a force acts upon them.

155
00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:33,280
I've always used a bowling ball to explain the part about staying in motion,

156
00:08:33,280 --> 00:08:35,280
but I want to find a more exciting way to do it.

157
00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:36,280
How can we help?

158
00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:39,280
Why don't you think of some possibilities, and we'll talk about it later.

159
00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:41,280
Hey, I've got an idea for you.

160
00:08:41,280 --> 00:08:43,280
Why don't you take out the National Gallery of Young Inventors

161
00:08:43,280 --> 00:08:46,280
and see who's inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame this year?

162
00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:48,280
Let's use your computer, Dr. D.

163
00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:49,280
Go right ahead.

164
00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:53,280
I read about someone named Lindsey Clement from Longview, Texas.

165
00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:56,280
She's being inducted into the National Gallery of Young Inventors.

166
00:08:56,280 --> 00:08:59,280
Let's contact her and ask her about her invention.

167
00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:03,280
Hi, you must be Lindsey Clement.

168
00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:07,280
We're the Treehouse Detectives, and we wanted to ask you about your invention.

169
00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:08,280
Sure.

170
00:09:08,280 --> 00:09:10,280
Exactly what does your invention do?

171
00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:12,280
This is a gumball machine.

172
00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:14,280
It helps pick up sweet gumballs in my backyard.

173
00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:16,280
How does it work?

174
00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:18,280
As you push the machine forward,

175
00:09:18,280 --> 00:09:22,280
these mesh wheels grab the gumballs and carry them around to the front,

176
00:09:22,280 --> 00:09:24,280
where they are collected in this basket.

177
00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:27,280
How did you come up with the idea for your invention?

178
00:09:27,280 --> 00:09:29,280
Well, I was at the driving range with my dad,

179
00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:33,280
and I saw the golf ball collector cart picking up the golf balls,

180
00:09:33,280 --> 00:09:36,280
and I figured if it worked for golf balls, why couldn't it work for gumballs?

181
00:09:36,280 --> 00:09:38,280
That's cool.

182
00:09:38,280 --> 00:09:40,280
What did you do first?

183
00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:43,280
Well, first I started drawing to see what it might look like,

184
00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:45,280
and then I started building.

185
00:09:45,280 --> 00:09:47,280
What was the most difficult part?

186
00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:50,280
Probably finding something that would actually pick up the gumballs.

187
00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:52,280
I experimented with lots of different materials

188
00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:55,280
until I finally came up with wire mesh.

189
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,280
That's great.

190
00:09:57,280 --> 00:10:00,280
We're trying to make our own invention. Do you have any advice?

191
00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:04,280
If you have anything that you think might solve a problem or help fix something,

192
00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:05,280
stick with it.

193
00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:08,280
Be willing to try new things if they don't work.

194
00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:10,280
And design and test your ideas.

195
00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:12,280
You really have nothing to lose.

196
00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:17,280
Especially when you end up being inducted into the National Gallery of Young Inventors.

197
00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:19,280
Maybe we'll be there one day.

198
00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:21,280
What an honor. Congratulations.

199
00:10:21,280 --> 00:10:24,280
I wonder if the Wright Brothers had a bug list.

200
00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:26,280
My bug or me list is long.

201
00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:28,280
Not as long as mine!

202
00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:31,280
Ah! Crazy!

203
00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:33,280
You're not afraid of bugs.

204
00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:38,280
Ow!

205
00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:50,280
This is really weird.

206
00:10:50,280 --> 00:10:53,280
Have you ever seen anything like this?

207
00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,280
This place makes me feel like I'm going back in time.

208
00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,280
Okay, is this really happening?

209
00:11:00,280 --> 00:11:02,280
Ow!

210
00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:08,280
Okay, I'll be brave and walk right up to him.

211
00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:11,280
Excuse me, sir. Could you help me?

212
00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:15,280
That's it! Orville! Orville, I've got it!

213
00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:17,280
Excuse me.

214
00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:21,280
I figured it out.

215
00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:24,280
Look, I've solved the control problem. It's right here.

216
00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:29,280
Watch. As I squeeze and release, the wings rotate up and down.

217
00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:31,280
Hello? What are you doing?

218
00:11:31,280 --> 00:11:34,280
Oh, excuse me. I'm Orville Wright. This is my brother Wilbur.

219
00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:38,280
Wilbur may have just discovered the answer to the basic problem of flight control.

220
00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:40,280
Here. Pretend this box is an eagle.

221
00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:47,280
If you twist the box in the middle, one wing rotates down, causing the air to go over it, making it go down.

222
00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:51,280
The other wing rotates up, causing the air to go under it, making it go up.

223
00:11:51,280 --> 00:11:53,280
We've observed birds doing this.

224
00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:56,280
Now we think we've discovered a way to do the same thing with an aeroplane.

225
00:11:56,280 --> 00:11:59,280
Please excuse us. We have so much work to do.

226
00:11:59,280 --> 00:12:02,280
I bet you do. May I take a picture of you before I go?

227
00:12:06,280 --> 00:12:08,280
Great. Thanks a lot.

228
00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:11,280
That was an interesting idea. Where'd you get it?

229
00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:14,280
My brother. Go figure.

230
00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:19,280
Dr. D was right. It takes lots of work to allow yourself to see things in new ways.

231
00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:23,280
Guys, the most unbelievable thing just happened. Look at this picture I just took.

232
00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:28,280
You saw me take this picture of the Wright brothers.

233
00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:31,280
You took that? Amazing.

234
00:12:31,280 --> 00:12:37,280
That's not real. I knew you wouldn't believe it, but I was just talking to Orville and Wilbur Wright.

235
00:12:37,280 --> 00:12:41,280
Huh? Impossible. How could they still be alive?

236
00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:47,280
Well, I can't explain it, but it was as if they were just discovering the concept of wing warping.

237
00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:53,280
They'd already identified their problem, and it was as if I was watching them take their first step towards solving it.

238
00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:55,280
Maybe we need to take our first step.

239
00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:57,280
But we haven't identified the problem yet.

240
00:12:57,280 --> 00:13:03,280
Let's look at the bug board. So many of our ideas are about bike safety. Why don't we work on that?

241
00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:05,280
I'll go to the problem board.

242
00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:09,280
I think we should concentrate on making them more visible at night.

243
00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:10,280
Works for me.

244
00:13:10,280 --> 00:13:12,280
Good. Now what do we need to know?

245
00:13:12,280 --> 00:13:17,280
I think we need to know more about being an inventor and the history of invention.

246
00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:18,280
How do we do that?

247
00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:24,280
Not sure, but maybe it would help if we found out what other inventors do.

248
00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:29,280
I'm typing in the keyword, inventing. Here's the list of search results.

249
00:13:31,280 --> 00:13:34,280
This site says there's a museum in Washington, D.C.

250
00:13:34,280 --> 00:13:38,280
The Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation.

251
00:13:38,280 --> 00:13:41,280
It's part of the National Museum of American History.

252
00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:44,280
It sounds like one of the treehouse detectives needs to get up and go.

253
00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:50,280
So what's up? How can the treehouse detectives make their bike more visible at night?

254
00:13:50,280 --> 00:13:53,280
What's the next step in the invention process?

255
00:13:53,280 --> 00:13:56,280
Do the treehouse detectives have the right stuff to be inventors?

256
00:13:56,280 --> 00:14:00,280
You'll find out on the next segment of The Case of the Right Invention.

257
00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:15,280
In Part 2 of The Case of the Right Invention, you'll find out...

258
00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:17,280
What is brainstorming?

259
00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:23,280
What do the treehouse detectives learn about evaluating ideas?

260
00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:27,280
And how does Dr. Harrison help the treehouse detectives?

261
00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:32,280
Hi, are you Mr. Judd?

262
00:14:32,280 --> 00:14:33,280
Yes, I am. Can I help you?

263
00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:35,280
I'm Bianca, one of the treehouse detectives.

264
00:14:35,280 --> 00:14:36,280
Treehouse what?

265
00:14:36,280 --> 00:14:41,280
Treehouse detectives. We're entering an invention contest, and we need to learn more about inventors.

266
00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:43,280
Well, you've come to the right place.

267
00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:44,280
What do you do here?

268
00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:45,280
What do you do here?

269
00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:47,280
Well, we do lots of things here.

270
00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:54,280
But we study invention, we do programs for young people, and we also collect papers from inventors.

271
00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:59,280
Papers, like the journals they use to keep notes on their inventions?

272
00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:00,280
That's right.

273
00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:02,280
Are there a lot of famous inventors?

274
00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:05,280
Well, there are, but there are a lot you may not have heard of either.

275
00:15:05,280 --> 00:15:07,280
People like Bueller Henry.

276
00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:16,280
She had some 48 patents, which had all sorts of inventions, like parasails and toys, and even an ice cream freezer in 1912.

277
00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:20,280
I bet she had a big bug list.

278
00:15:20,280 --> 00:15:22,280
You might want to read about Stephanie Qualic.

279
00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:24,280
Is she a scientist?

280
00:15:24,280 --> 00:15:28,280
Yes, she went to school to study chemistry, and then she invented a stuff called Kevlar.

281
00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:30,280
What is Kevlar?

282
00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:35,280
Kevlar is a super strong fiber that's in everything from boats to airplanes today.

283
00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:40,280
In fact, we have an example here in our Gold Rush bicycle of a Kevlar.

284
00:15:40,280 --> 00:15:42,280
Can anyone be an inventor?

285
00:15:42,280 --> 00:15:47,280
Yes, we can all be inventive, but I think there will only be one Wright Brothers.

286
00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:49,280
How do you become an inventor?

287
00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:53,280
Inventors are curious about things, and they also try to improve inventions.

288
00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:56,280
And you know, some inventions just happen by accident.

289
00:15:56,280 --> 00:15:59,280
I'm sure whoever made these bikes had a lot of fun.

290
00:15:59,280 --> 00:16:03,280
Yes, sometimes people do invent just for fun.

291
00:16:03,280 --> 00:16:06,280
In fact, we've got a new exhibition, Invention at Play,

292
00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:10,280
which will encourage people to develop their own creativity through play.

293
00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:12,280
Maybe we can come back for that.

294
00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:14,280
We're having trouble figuring out what to invent.

295
00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:17,280
Our problem is how to make bicycles safer at night.

296
00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:20,280
Coming up with a solution is often the hardest part.

297
00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:25,280
Frequently, you have to keep trying different solutions before you get the bundle to work.

298
00:16:25,280 --> 00:16:27,280
Well, I hadn't thought of that.

299
00:16:27,280 --> 00:16:31,280
Maybe if I look around at some of the great inventions, I'll get some ideas.

300
00:16:31,280 --> 00:16:34,280
Yes, take a look at our bicycle collection.

301
00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:37,280
And also take a look at our solar-powered car.

302
00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:39,280
Definitely. Thanks, Mr. Jeff, for all your help.

303
00:16:39,280 --> 00:16:41,280
You're welcome.

304
00:16:45,280 --> 00:16:47,280
Hello, Treehouse Inventors.

305
00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,280
Well, we're not inventors yet.

306
00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:54,280
If we know our problem, Mr. John at the Linsen Center said that a problem can have more than one solution.

307
00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:57,280
But we're having trouble finding at least one.

308
00:16:57,280 --> 00:16:58,280
Do you have any ideas?

309
00:16:58,280 --> 00:16:59,280
Just the thing for you.

310
00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:01,280
It's called brainstorming.

311
00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:03,280
But I forgot to bring my umbrella.

312
00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:04,280
Very funny.

313
00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:06,280
Brainstorming is something that helps you think creatively.

314
00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:09,280
Is that where we get together and toss aside ideas?

315
00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:10,280
Yes, it is.

316
00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:12,280
But there are certain rules you have to follow.

317
00:17:12,280 --> 00:17:13,280
Someone has to record the ideas.

318
00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:15,280
Everyone needs to contribute ideas.

319
00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:17,280
And all ideas are accepted.

320
00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:19,280
What if one of the ideas is silly?

321
00:17:19,280 --> 00:17:20,280
That's all right.

322
00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:24,280
You're encouraged to give wild, silly, or even way out ideas in addition to the practical ones.

323
00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:26,280
I'll be good at brainstorming.

324
00:17:27,280 --> 00:17:28,280
How do we start?

325
00:17:28,280 --> 00:17:29,280
You already have your problem.

326
00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:31,280
How to make a bite more visible at night.

327
00:17:31,280 --> 00:17:35,280
I printed off a brainstorming web from the Y-Files website.

328
00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:37,280
It's a tool for brainstorming.

329
00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:38,280
Thanks, Dr. D.

330
00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,280
Why don't you practice by brainstorming my problem of inertia.

331
00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:43,280
Objects in motion remain in motion.

332
00:17:43,280 --> 00:17:44,280
Set a time limit.

333
00:17:44,280 --> 00:17:47,280
Come up with as many solutions as you possibly can.

334
00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:48,280
Okay.

335
00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:49,280
Let's sit in a circle.

336
00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:51,280
I'll put the timer on five minutes.

337
00:17:57,280 --> 00:17:58,280
I've got the timer.

338
00:17:58,280 --> 00:18:00,280
Okay, I'll be the recorder.

339
00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:01,280
Okay, let's go.

340
00:18:01,280 --> 00:18:03,280
I think it should be something on wheels.

341
00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:06,280
How about a catapult that flings things far in the air?

342
00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:07,280
Or smoke rings.

343
00:18:07,280 --> 00:18:08,280
That'd be cool.

344
00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:11,280
How about a paper airplane?

345
00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:12,280
I'd like to use a watermelon.

346
00:18:12,280 --> 00:18:14,280
That's a silly idea.

347
00:18:14,280 --> 00:18:16,280
Remember now, no criticism.

348
00:18:16,280 --> 00:18:17,280
Okay.

349
00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:18,280
What do we do now?

350
00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:21,280
Are there any solutions that are similar can be grouped together?

351
00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:23,280
Yeah, like catapulting a watermelon.

352
00:18:23,280 --> 00:18:26,280
See, I told you a watermelon wasn't a bad idea.

353
00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:28,280
If you don't mind a big mess.

354
00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:29,280
Thanks for all the ideas.

355
00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:31,280
I'll let you know what I decide to do.

356
00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:33,280
Remember, never judge any ideas during the brainstorming,

357
00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:35,280
only afterwards during the evaluation.

358
00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:38,280
How do you evaluate something?

359
00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:40,280
You need to talk to my friend, Dr. Catherine Fay,

360
00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:42,280
at NASA Langley Research Center.

361
00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:43,280
That's a great idea.

362
00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:44,280
Thanks, Dr. D.

363
00:18:46,280 --> 00:18:47,280
Hi, Dr. Fay.

364
00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:49,280
This looks really cool.

365
00:18:49,280 --> 00:18:50,280
Hi, kids.

366
00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:51,280
Welcome to the lab.

367
00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:52,280
What is all this stuff?

368
00:18:52,280 --> 00:18:54,280
These are various inventions

369
00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:56,280
that Langley researchers have developed

370
00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:58,280
here in Hampton, Virginia.

371
00:18:58,280 --> 00:18:59,280
Are you an inventor?

372
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:00,280
Yes, I'm an inventor.

373
00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:02,280
But my job is to research solutions

374
00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:05,280
to problems that NASA has in aeronautics and space.

375
00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:07,280
And some of these solutions turn into inventions.

376
00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:09,280
If you have a creative, innovative environment,

377
00:19:09,280 --> 00:19:11,280
inventions will happen.

378
00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:13,280
What are some of these inventions?

379
00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:16,280
This is a colorless poly image

380
00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:18,280
that was invented by several Langley scientists

381
00:19:19,280 --> 00:19:21,280
and is used as a flat panel reflector

382
00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:24,280
on solar rays on satellites in space.

383
00:19:24,280 --> 00:19:26,280
All these things look great,

384
00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:29,280
but how do the researchers know if they're good ideas?

385
00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:32,280
First, as a researcher or an inventor,

386
00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,280
you need to define your problem.

387
00:19:34,280 --> 00:19:37,280
Then, you need to test your proposed ideas.

388
00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:39,280
You collect the data and analyze it

389
00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:40,280
and see if it works.

390
00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,280
If it doesn't work, then you need to reevaluate.

391
00:19:43,280 --> 00:19:44,280
Maybe you modify it,

392
00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:46,280
or maybe you start with a new idea.

393
00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:48,280
That's why collecting data is important?

394
00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:51,280
Yes, collecting and analyzing the data

395
00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:54,280
helps determine if your solution meets the requirements.

396
00:19:54,280 --> 00:19:56,280
So, what do we do with our bad ideas?

397
00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:58,280
Do we just throw them away?

398
00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:01,280
No, the idea might not answer this solution.

399
00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:03,280
But the data collected is good

400
00:20:03,280 --> 00:20:05,280
because it will help you determine other solutions.

401
00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:07,280
Well, is that it?

402
00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:09,280
We collect the data to test our product, and we're done?

403
00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:12,280
You might want to consider a few more things in the evaluation.

404
00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:14,280
First, can I make it?

405
00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:16,280
And second, can I afford it?

406
00:20:16,280 --> 00:20:18,280
Could you help us get started?

407
00:20:18,280 --> 00:20:20,280
Tell me one of your ideas to solve the problem.

408
00:20:20,280 --> 00:20:22,280
We thought of maybe painting our bike

409
00:20:22,280 --> 00:20:25,280
to solve the problem of making us more visible at night.

410
00:20:25,280 --> 00:20:26,280
That's a good idea.

411
00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:27,280
I think you should consider

412
00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:29,280
what kind of paint you're going to use

413
00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:31,280
and where you're going to paint it on the bicycle,

414
00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:33,280
on the frame or the tires or both.

415
00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:35,280
Then you need to decide how you're going to determine

416
00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:37,280
whether you're really visible at night.

417
00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:39,280
I think we need to go and have a brainstorming session.

418
00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:40,280
Yeah.

419
00:20:40,280 --> 00:20:42,280
After your brainstorming session, send me an email,

420
00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:44,280
and I can put you in touch with researchers

421
00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:46,280
that develop reflective materials.

422
00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:48,280
Thanks. I'll keep in touch.

423
00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:49,280
Bye, Dr. Fay.

424
00:20:49,280 --> 00:20:50,280
Bye.

425
00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:52,280
Bye.

426
00:20:52,280 --> 00:20:54,280
That was a great brainstorming session.

427
00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:56,280
Yeah. Look at our list now.

428
00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:58,280
But some of them are pretty silly.

429
00:20:58,280 --> 00:21:01,280
Well, some of the silly ones led to some really good ones.

430
00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:03,280
Let's start evaluating.

431
00:21:03,280 --> 00:21:05,280
Remember, Dr. Fay said we have to decide

432
00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:08,280
on a set of criteria for evaluating our ideas.

433
00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:10,280
It can't be too costly.

434
00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:12,280
Yeah, because I don't have much money.

435
00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:15,280
It also has to be something easy for people to use,

436
00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:17,280
and it should work,

437
00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:19,280
and we should be able to make it ourselves.

438
00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:22,280
A reflective helmet would be pretty easy to make.

439
00:21:22,280 --> 00:21:24,280
And it wouldn't cost you much.

440
00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:26,280
It would certainly be easy to put on.

441
00:21:26,280 --> 00:21:28,280
Anyone could do it.

442
00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:30,280
But we'd have to test it to make sure it would work.

443
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:32,280
How about this idea of the flashing lights?

444
00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:34,280
It would sure be easy to do.

445
00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:36,280
We could just stick a light on our bike.

446
00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:38,280
That might not work so well,

447
00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:41,280
And that'd be expensive.

448
00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:44,280
Look at this list. We have a lot of evaluating to do.

449
00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:47,280
I better go home. I gotta get ready for the kite festival.

450
00:21:47,280 --> 00:21:51,280
I wish we could go, but we'll stay here and keep evaluating.

451
00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:10,280
Today is a great day for flying kites,

452
00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:12,280
and that's what we're going to do.

453
00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:14,280
Of course, we have to build it.

454
00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:17,280
Who knows what shape kite we are building today?

455
00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:19,280
What kind?

456
00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:21,280
In designing the invention,

457
00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:23,280
there are a few fundamental concepts

458
00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:25,280
they'll need to understand.

459
00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:27,280
Research what is already known about the idea.

460
00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:30,280
We observed that hawks soar better than buzzards,

461
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:32,280
and that hawks also maintain their speed.

462
00:22:32,280 --> 00:22:34,280
We observed that hawks fly faster than buzzards,

463
00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:36,280
and that hawks also maintain their speed.

464
00:22:36,280 --> 00:22:38,280
We observed that hawks fly faster than buzzards,

465
00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:40,280
and that hawks also maintain their balance

466
00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:42,280
in strong winds better than buzzards.

467
00:22:42,280 --> 00:22:45,280
Why? Because their wings are shaped very differently.

468
00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:47,280
The wings of a hawk arch up a little

469
00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:49,280
and then flatten at the tip.

470
00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:52,280
A buzzard's wing gradually angles upward

471
00:22:52,280 --> 00:22:54,280
all the way to the end.

472
00:22:54,280 --> 00:22:56,280
And then they'll need to keep a journal.

473
00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:58,280
It is essential for them to keep very careful

474
00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:02,280
and accurate records of everything they do on the project.

475
00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:04,280
Hi! My friends don't believe

476
00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:06,280
that Orville and Wilbur Wright,

477
00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:08,280
so could you sign this picture I took of you?

478
00:23:10,280 --> 00:23:12,280
Hey! Where'd they go?

479
00:23:12,280 --> 00:23:14,280
I know I'm not crazy.

480
00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:16,280
I just saw Orville and Wilbur Wright.

481
00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:21,280
Huh?

482
00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:23,280
You won't believe who I just saw.

483
00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:25,280
Those same two guys from the bicycle shop.

484
00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:27,280
And they call themselves Wilbur and Orville.

485
00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:29,280
That's awesome, Jacob!

486
00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:31,280
Pay really close attention,

487
00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:33,280
because you'll probably learn lots of stuff

488
00:23:34,280 --> 00:23:36,280
Yeah!

489
00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:38,280
Could Jacob really be seeing the Wright Brothers?

490
00:23:38,280 --> 00:23:41,280
Maybe they're actors pretending to be Orville and Wilbur.

491
00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:43,280
They're not pretending.

492
00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:45,280
I'm telling you guys, this is the real deal.

493
00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:47,280
Okay, we believe you.

494
00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:49,280
I read somewhere that the Wright Brothers

495
00:23:49,280 --> 00:23:51,280
became interested in flight

496
00:23:51,280 --> 00:23:53,280
after their father gave them a toy helicopter.

497
00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:55,280
And listen to this.

498
00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,280
The Wright Brothers were self-taught engineers,

499
00:23:57,280 --> 00:23:59,280
neither of whom attended college.

500
00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:01,280
I wonder if their parents were really smart.

501
00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:03,280
She loved math and science.

502
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:05,280
Like me.

503
00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:07,280
But will you graduate top of your college class like she did?

504
00:24:07,280 --> 00:24:09,280
Of course.

505
00:24:09,280 --> 00:24:11,280
Listen guys, we got a lot of work to do.

506
00:24:11,280 --> 00:24:13,280
We narrowed down our ideas.

507
00:24:13,280 --> 00:24:15,280
But what are we going to choose from?

508
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,280
The Wright Brothers said to research

509
00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:19,280
and find out all that is known about our idea.

510
00:24:19,280 --> 00:24:21,280
Let's go to the problem board and see what we need to do next.

511
00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:23,280
Okay.

512
00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:25,280
You know our problem is to make bikes more visible at night.

513
00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:27,280
And that anyone can be an inventor.

514
00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:29,280
We know that inventors brainstorm

515
00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:31,280
and come up with a problem.

516
00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:33,280
And then Dr. Fay said to determine the criteria for evaluation.

517
00:24:33,280 --> 00:24:35,280
That means we're on the right track.

518
00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:37,280
So what do we need to know?

519
00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:39,280
I think we need to research how to make things more visible at night.

520
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:41,280
Like materials that reflect.

521
00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:43,280
I'll go to the library.

522
00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:45,280
Hey guys, wait.

523
00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:47,280
I just got an email from Dr. Fay.

524
00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:49,280
She says to check out her colleague, Dr. Harrison.

525
00:24:49,280 --> 00:24:51,280
She works with reflective materials.

526
00:24:51,280 --> 00:24:53,280
Sounds like that's our next stop.

527
00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:55,280
Wow, this is neat.

528
00:24:55,280 --> 00:24:57,280
Are we in the right place?

529
00:24:57,280 --> 00:24:59,280
Well, you're in the right place.

530
00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:01,280
I'm Dr. Joycelyn Harrison and I work here

531
00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:03,280
in the Advanced Materials and Processing Branch

532
00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:05,280
at NASA Langley Research Center.

533
00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:07,280
But since you guys are in the lab,

534
00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:09,280
could you do me a favor and put these safety glasses on?

535
00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:11,280
We have to always remember to use safety first.

536
00:25:11,280 --> 00:25:13,280
Well, we're trying to solve the problem

537
00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:15,280
of making our bikes more visible at night.

538
00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:17,280
And we want to use reflective materials.

539
00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:19,280
We were hoping you could help us.

540
00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:21,280
Do you know anything about reflective materials?

541
00:25:21,280 --> 00:25:23,280
Yes.

542
00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:25,280
Here at NASA Langley, we do research

543
00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:27,280
on developing reflective plastics.

544
00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:29,280
Here's an example of a reflective plastic film

545
00:25:29,280 --> 00:25:31,280
that we developed right here.

546
00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:33,280
Wow, this is really lightweight.

547
00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:35,280
This would look really cool on our bike.

548
00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:37,280
How do you make it?

549
00:25:37,280 --> 00:25:39,280
Well, we start off with this clear polymer solution

550
00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:41,280
that has metal ions

551
00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:43,280
dissolved in it.

552
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:45,280
And then we pour it on these glass plates.

553
00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:47,280
And then we bake it in these big ovens.

554
00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:49,280
You bake here?

555
00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:51,280
Yes, actually, chemists do bake.

556
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:53,280
But we call it curing.

557
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:55,280
While curing, the metal ions in the material

558
00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:57,280
migrate to the surface of the material.

559
00:25:57,280 --> 00:25:59,280
And we end up with a very reflective plastic.

560
00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:01,280
Wow.

561
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:03,280
I thought that only metals were reflective.

562
00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:05,280
Why does NASA use reflective plastics?

563
00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:07,280
Well, you guys come with me

564
00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:09,280
and I'll show you an example

565
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:11,280
of how NASA uses materials just like this.

566
00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:13,280
Come on.

567
00:26:15,280 --> 00:26:17,280
What is this?

568
00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:19,280
I've never seen anything like this before.

569
00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:21,280
It's so tall.

570
00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:23,280
This is a reflective antenna.

571
00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:25,280
Actually, it would have to be about

572
00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:27,280
five times larger than this to be used in space.

573
00:26:27,280 --> 00:26:29,280
NASA puts antennas like this

574
00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:31,280
in space to collect energy

575
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:33,280
or signals for communications

576
00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:35,280
and scientific measurements.

577
00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:37,280
Why does it have to be so shiny?

578
00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:39,280
It needs to be reflective

579
00:26:39,280 --> 00:26:41,280
so that we can focus the energy to where we want it to go,

580
00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:43,280
like to a location on Earth

581
00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:45,280
or to a science instrument on a satellite,

582
00:26:45,280 --> 00:26:47,280
for example.

583
00:26:47,280 --> 00:26:49,280
We really need reflective materials, too.

584
00:26:49,280 --> 00:26:51,280
We're trying to make our bikes safer at night.

585
00:26:51,280 --> 00:26:53,280
I don't think we could build anything like that.

586
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,280
Do you have any suggestions for our bike?

587
00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:57,280
Well, what kind of things do you think

588
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:59,280
could help you see your bikes at night?

589
00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:01,280
We had a brainstorming session

590
00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:03,280
and came up with a few ideas,

591
00:27:03,280 --> 00:27:05,280
like stickers, maybe paint.

592
00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:07,280
Yes, but just make sure

593
00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:09,280
that those lights and stickers are reflective

594
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:11,280
so that the light will bounce off them.

595
00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:13,280
You might also consider using some reflective gear.

596
00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:15,280
Gear?

597
00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:17,280
Yes, like reflective vests,

598
00:27:17,280 --> 00:27:19,280
helmets, or even tennis shoes.

599
00:27:19,280 --> 00:27:21,280
We'll get started. Thanks for your help.

600
00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:23,280
We really appreciate it.

601
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:25,280
Bye, Dr. Harrison.

602
00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:27,280
So what's up?

603
00:27:27,280 --> 00:27:29,280
Are reflective materials the answer to the problem?

604
00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:31,280
What should the Treehouse Detectives

605
00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:33,280
research next?

606
00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:35,280
Don't miss the next segment of

607
00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:37,280
The Case of the Right Invention.

608
00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:39,280
The Case of the Right Invention

609
00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:51,280
Watch carefully

610
00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:53,280
and you'll learn the following.

611
00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:55,280
How do the Y-Files Kids Club

612
00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:57,280
experiments help the Treehouse Detectives?

613
00:27:57,280 --> 00:27:59,280
What is iterative

614
00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:01,280
design?

615
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:03,280
Why are models important?

616
00:28:07,280 --> 00:28:09,280
Did you know...

617
00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:11,280
Oh, no, not again.

618
00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:13,280
I'm the trivia king. You'd like this one.

619
00:28:13,280 --> 00:28:15,280
Did you know that Wilbur Wright turned his hat

620
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:17,280
like this when he was ready to fly his plane?

621
00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:19,280
Cool. Maybe he started the trend.

622
00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:21,280
Okay, guys.

623
00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:23,280
Back to business.

624
00:28:23,280 --> 00:28:25,280
Dr. Harrison said that there are a lot of good ways to paint.

625
00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:27,280
I mean, cover a bike in reflective coatings.

626
00:28:27,280 --> 00:28:29,280
I wonder if any NASA Kids Club

627
00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:31,280
members have done experiments

628
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:33,280
on visibility or reflective coatings.

629
00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:35,280
Jacob, would you check that out for us?

630
00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:37,280
Here's a school.

631
00:28:37,280 --> 00:28:39,280
Virginia Stevens

632
00:28:39,280 --> 00:28:41,280
in Riverside, near Dayton, Ohio.

633
00:28:41,280 --> 00:28:43,280
Let's see what they're doing.

634
00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,280
Hi.

635
00:28:45,280 --> 00:28:47,280
My name is Erica Hartley

636
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:49,280
from Mr. Mark Bermudez's

637
00:28:49,280 --> 00:28:51,280
third grade class in Riverside, Ohio.

638
00:28:51,280 --> 00:28:53,280
We are proud to be

639
00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:55,280
an AIAA school

640
00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:57,280
which stands for

641
00:28:57,280 --> 00:28:59,280
American Institute of Aeronautics

642
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:01,280
and Astronautics.

643
00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:03,280
We need your help.

644
00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:05,280
Would you like to do an experiment on reflective surfaces?

645
00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:07,280
Sure.

646
00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:09,280
We started off with a problem.

647
00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:11,280
We needed to find the most visible material

648
00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:13,280
for bike safety at night.

649
00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:15,280
That's so funny.

650
00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:17,280
We have the same problem.

651
00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:19,280
What did you do?

652
00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:21,280
We did a fun experiment.

653
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:23,280
It's really easy.

654
00:29:23,280 --> 00:29:25,280
We tested four items.

655
00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:27,280
A five centimeter by ten centimeter

656
00:29:27,280 --> 00:29:29,280
piece of white poster board

657
00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:31,280
with fluorescent paint,

658
00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:33,280
a white poster board strip

659
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:35,280
and a reflective sticker.

660
00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:37,280
I've seen this experiment before.

661
00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:39,280
First you start by taking a piece of clay

662
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:41,280
and dividing it into four equal parts.

663
00:29:41,280 --> 00:29:43,280
Then you take the clay and roll it into small balls.

664
00:29:43,280 --> 00:29:45,280
And then you set the balls and the table

665
00:29:45,280 --> 00:29:47,280
in a straight line about eight centimeters apart.

666
00:29:47,280 --> 00:29:49,280
Then you take each test item

667
00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:51,280
and insert it into the balls of clay.

668
00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:53,280
How did you do the test?

669
00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:55,280
It's easy.

670
00:29:55,280 --> 00:29:57,280
Shine a beam of light

671
00:29:57,280 --> 00:29:59,280
on the first item

672
00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:01,280
and observe.

673
00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:03,280
Then record your observations

674
00:30:03,280 --> 00:30:05,280
on your data sheet.

675
00:30:05,280 --> 00:30:07,280
After you conduct the experiment

676
00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:09,280
give each item a safety rating.

677
00:30:09,280 --> 00:30:11,280
Number one stands

678
00:30:11,280 --> 00:30:13,280
for poor visibility

679
00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:15,280
and number five means

680
00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:17,280
the item is very visible at night.

681
00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:19,280
Did you find out which items

682
00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:21,280
work best for bike safety at night?

683
00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:23,280
Yes.

684
00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:25,280
We came up with several findings

685
00:30:25,280 --> 00:30:27,280
from our data chart.

686
00:30:27,280 --> 00:30:29,280
Neon pink paper

687
00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:31,280
like this one here is noticeable

688
00:30:31,280 --> 00:30:33,280
but it doesn't reflect light.

689
00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:35,280
The glow stick

690
00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:37,280
produced its own light

691
00:30:37,280 --> 00:30:39,280
and was really visible

692
00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:41,280
but it can only last for so long.

693
00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:43,280
Yeah, the glow sticks only work

694
00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:45,280
for ten hours and it only gives off light.

695
00:30:45,280 --> 00:30:47,280
It doesn't reflect it.

696
00:30:47,280 --> 00:30:49,280
The fluorescent paint

697
00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:51,280
doesn't really glow at all.

698
00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:53,280
Our top score is the reflective sticker.

699
00:30:53,280 --> 00:30:55,280
It reflects light well

700
00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:57,280
and it's good

701
00:30:57,280 --> 00:30:59,280
for night visibility.

702
00:30:59,280 --> 00:31:01,280
We hope this helps you.

703
00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:03,280
Bye!

704
00:31:03,280 --> 00:31:05,280
Thanks. Later.

705
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:07,280
That really helps.

706
00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:09,280
Street signs and the tape on my tennis shoes

707
00:31:09,280 --> 00:31:11,280
are examples of reflective materials.

708
00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:13,280
This might be the answer.

709
00:31:13,280 --> 00:31:15,280
If a material is reflective it can be seen easily

710
00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:17,280
when a car's headlights hit it.

711
00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:19,280
The Y-Files Kids Club comes through again.

712
00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:21,280
If you enjoy experiments

713
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:23,280
and hands-on learning as much as we do

714
00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:25,280
be sure to visit Dr. D's lab

715
00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:27,280
inside the treehouse on NASA Y-Files' website.

716
00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:33,280
Dr. D,

717
00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:35,280
we've narrowed our ideas down to just two.

718
00:31:35,280 --> 00:31:37,280
We could paint the bike with a reflective coating

719
00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:39,280
or make our clothing more visible.

720
00:31:39,280 --> 00:31:41,280
Well, now what you need to do

721
00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:43,280
is test your ideas.

722
00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:45,280
Invention work is not just theoretical.

723
00:31:45,280 --> 00:31:47,280
It can't just look good on paper.

724
00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:49,280
It actually has to work.

725
00:31:49,280 --> 00:31:51,280
So how do we do that?

726
00:31:51,280 --> 00:31:53,280
At NASA we've seen a lot of engineers

727
00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:55,280
building airplane models

728
00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:57,280
and then testing it in wind tunnels.

729
00:31:57,280 --> 00:31:59,280
It's a lot easier to build, test, and analyze a model

730
00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:01,280
than a full-sized object.

731
00:32:01,280 --> 00:32:03,280
Does that mean we should build a miniature bicycle to test?

732
00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:05,280
No, if you're testing reflective coatings

733
00:32:05,280 --> 00:32:07,280
a model might just be a small piece of metal

734
00:32:07,280 --> 00:32:09,280
that you paint.

735
00:32:09,280 --> 00:32:11,280
We need to experiment with the model

736
00:32:11,280 --> 00:32:13,280
to find out which paint makes the bike most visible.

737
00:32:13,280 --> 00:32:15,280
And we need to test it in a variety of different situations.

738
00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:17,280
That's right.

739
00:32:17,280 --> 00:32:19,280
Just like the scientific method

740
00:32:19,280 --> 00:32:21,280
we need to be testing very carefully.

741
00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:23,280
That means we need to change just one variable at a time.

742
00:32:23,280 --> 00:32:25,280
I remember all those details.

743
00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:27,280
And don't forget,

744
00:32:27,280 --> 00:32:29,280
we need to keep careful records.

745
00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:31,280
Let me show you what I did with my project.

746
00:32:31,280 --> 00:32:33,280
I ruled out watermelons

747
00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:35,280
because I'd have to do it inside.

748
00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:37,280
And ideas like paper airplanes

749
00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:39,280
just didn't meet my criteria of being spectacular.

750
00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:41,280
I did a little research,

751
00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:43,280
came up with a basic idea,

752
00:32:43,280 --> 00:32:45,280
and built a model to test.

753
00:32:45,280 --> 00:32:47,280
Did it work?

754
00:32:47,280 --> 00:32:49,280
I broke this box and tried out different sized holes

755
00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:51,280
and I used a bee smoker to produce the smoke.

756
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:53,280
What's a bee smoker?

757
00:32:53,280 --> 00:32:55,280
It's a smoldering fire

758
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:57,280
and it produces a lot of smoke.

759
00:32:57,280 --> 00:32:59,280
It's what beekeepers use to calm the bees

760
00:32:59,280 --> 00:33:01,280
when they're tending the hive.

761
00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:03,280
I went through the process of build, test, analyze,

762
00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:05,280
and then redesign many times.

763
00:33:05,280 --> 00:33:07,280
And I finally have a box

764
00:33:07,280 --> 00:33:09,280
that works pretty good.

765
00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:11,280
Let me show you.

766
00:33:17,280 --> 00:33:19,280
That's fun.

767
00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:21,280
My dad helps out at the theater

768
00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:23,280
and they have a smoke machine

769
00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:25,280
that works even better.

770
00:33:25,280 --> 00:33:27,280
What a wonderful idea.

771
00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:29,280
See, it's great to work together as a team

772
00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:31,280
on the invention process.

773
00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:33,280
I think it's time for both you and me

774
00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:35,280
to put together a prototype of our inventions.

775
00:33:35,280 --> 00:33:37,280
What's a prototype?

776
00:33:37,280 --> 00:33:39,280
Well, once you feel pretty good about your testing,

777
00:33:39,280 --> 00:33:41,280
it's time to build a full-size working model to test,

778
00:33:41,280 --> 00:33:43,280
which is called a prototype.

779
00:33:43,280 --> 00:33:45,280
Oh, that's when we use a real prototype.

780
00:33:45,280 --> 00:33:47,280
Oh, that's when we use a real bike.

781
00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:49,280
I can almost taste victory.

782
00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:51,280
I think we can do this,

783
00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:53,280
but I'm still not clear on this model-making thing.

784
00:33:53,280 --> 00:33:55,280
Well, there are two projects going on right now

785
00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:57,280
at NASA Langley Research Center

786
00:33:57,280 --> 00:33:59,280
that will help you learn more about model building.

787
00:33:59,280 --> 00:34:01,280
I'll give both researchers a call for you.

788
00:34:01,280 --> 00:34:03,280
Let's divide into two groups

789
00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:05,280
and take our investigation log

790
00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:07,280
and record what we learned.

791
00:34:07,280 --> 00:34:09,280
I'll call Kaylee and see if she can go on a field trip.

792
00:34:09,280 --> 00:34:11,280
Then we can share what we learned with each other.

793
00:34:11,280 --> 00:34:13,280
Let's get up and go.

794
00:34:13,280 --> 00:34:15,280
Nice to meet you, Mr. Wozak.

795
00:34:15,280 --> 00:34:17,280
Nice meeting you.

796
00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:19,280
This is a wind tunnel, isn't it?

797
00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:21,280
What do you do here?

798
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:23,280
We're testing a new kind of airplane.

799
00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:25,280
A micro air vehicle,

800
00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:27,280
or MAV for short.

801
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:29,280
Is this a real plane?

802
00:34:29,280 --> 00:34:31,280
It looks more like a bird or a bat or something.

803
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:33,280
Well, you're pretty close.

804
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,280
It's about the size of a bird,

805
00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:37,280
and we use what we know about how birds,

806
00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:39,280
bats, and insects fly to help design it.

807
00:34:39,280 --> 00:34:41,280
Do you test your models?

808
00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:43,280
Testing is an important part of the design process.

809
00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:45,280
That's why we're here,

810
00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:47,280
to learn more about the design process.

811
00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:49,280
Well, design is the process by which you turn

812
00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:51,280
ideas into reality.

813
00:34:51,280 --> 00:34:53,280
Ideas often involve contributions from many different people.

814
00:34:53,280 --> 00:34:55,280
We collaborate or work together

815
00:34:55,280 --> 00:34:57,280
by sharing ideas to improve our design.

816
00:34:57,280 --> 00:34:59,280
Kind of like us.

817
00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:01,280
We work together as a team.

818
00:35:01,280 --> 00:35:03,280
We collaborate.

819
00:35:03,280 --> 00:35:05,280
That's great. For MAVs, we're working with

820
00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:07,280
aerodynamicists, controls engineers, wind tunnel engineers,

821
00:35:07,280 --> 00:35:09,280
technicians, and even biologists.

822
00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:11,280
Biologists?

823
00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:13,280
That's right. Biologists help to better understand how animals fly.

824
00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:15,280
And we can design and build airplanes

825
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:17,280
that use the same principles.

826
00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:19,280
Through collaboration, we help each other,

827
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:21,280
and we can iterate to get a better design.

828
00:35:21,280 --> 00:35:23,280
Iter what?

829
00:35:23,280 --> 00:35:25,280
Iterate. It almost always takes lots of tries and retries

830
00:35:25,280 --> 00:35:27,280
before you get an effective design.

831
00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:29,280
Iteration refers to the process by which

832
00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:31,280
we design, build, test, and analyze our data.

833
00:35:31,280 --> 00:35:33,280
Data collection

834
00:35:33,280 --> 00:35:35,280
is another part of the scientific process.

835
00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:37,280
From our data, we modify our design.

836
00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:39,280
We repeat the process over and over again

837
00:35:39,280 --> 00:35:41,280
until we get it right.

838
00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:43,280
So collaboration and iterative design

839
00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:45,280
help you come up with this.

840
00:35:45,280 --> 00:35:47,280
But what are you going to do with such a small plane?

841
00:35:47,280 --> 00:35:49,280
Well, we're going to use it to be our eyes

842
00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:51,280
and other senses to go to places

843
00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,280
we can't get to or are too dangerous to go.

844
00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:55,280
That is so awesome!

845
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,280
I guess we need to get back to the treehouse

846
00:35:57,280 --> 00:35:59,280
so we can collaborate and iterate.

847
00:35:59,280 --> 00:36:01,280
That's right. And remember to use what you learn

848
00:36:01,280 --> 00:36:03,280
to make your designs better.

849
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:05,280
Thank you very much, Mr. Wozak.

850
00:36:05,280 --> 00:36:07,280
This was really great.

851
00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:09,280
Oh, yeah. Thanks a lot. See you.

852
00:36:09,280 --> 00:36:11,280
Bye.

853
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:13,280
You must be one of the treehouse detectives.

854
00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:15,280
Hi, I'm Kaylee.

855
00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:17,280
I'm Sam James, an engineering technician.

856
00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:19,280
Hi, Mr. James.

857
00:36:19,280 --> 00:36:21,280
I really like this place.

858
00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:23,280
There are so many models.

859
00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:25,280
It's a pretty cool place to work.

860
00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:27,280
All the models you see here are designed

861
00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:29,280
by NASA researchers.

862
00:36:29,280 --> 00:36:31,280
I was hoping you could help me understand

863
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:33,280
more about why models are important

864
00:36:33,280 --> 00:36:35,280
Um, okay.

865
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:37,280
Well, this blended wing body,

866
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:39,280
where do you think we have to start to make this model?

867
00:36:39,280 --> 00:36:41,280
A mold?

868
00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:43,280
Good guess.

869
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:45,280
Come over to my desk.

870
00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:47,280
That's where we'll begin.

871
00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:49,280
We use a computer-aided design program,

872
00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:51,280
CAD for short,

873
00:36:51,280 --> 00:36:53,280
to make all of our models, like this blended wing body.

874
00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:55,280
Engineers and designers

875
00:36:55,280 --> 00:36:57,280
use their design specifications

876
00:36:57,280 --> 00:36:59,280
to create a profile.

877
00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:01,280
Then the programmers create drawings

878
00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:03,280
to use.

879
00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:05,280
What's that over there?

880
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:07,280
They are molds which are used to make models.

881
00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:09,280
Can you show us how to make a mold?

882
00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:11,280
Sure.

883
00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:13,280
We use several different technologies

884
00:37:13,280 --> 00:37:15,280
depending on the type of model we're making.

885
00:37:15,280 --> 00:37:17,280
Again, this blended wing model.

886
00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:19,280
One way to make this model airplane

887
00:37:19,280 --> 00:37:21,280
is to put fiberglass or graphite skins

888
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:23,280
in the mold, then insert what we call

889
00:37:23,280 --> 00:37:25,280
hard points and bulkheads for support.

890
00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:27,280
That's really neat.

891
00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:29,280
What kind of materials do you use?

892
00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:31,280
We usually use aluminum,

893
00:37:31,280 --> 00:37:33,280
balsa wood,

894
00:37:33,280 --> 00:37:35,280
and honeycomb

895
00:37:35,280 --> 00:37:37,280
to reduce the weight.

896
00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:39,280
Wow, these are really light.

897
00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:41,280
Are all the models

898
00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:43,280
the same size?

899
00:37:43,280 --> 00:37:45,280
Not at all. Different tests require

900
00:37:45,280 --> 00:37:47,280
different types of models.

901
00:37:47,280 --> 00:37:49,280
For instance, the blended wing body.

902
00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:51,280
It's going to be made in two different scales.

903
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:53,280
A 1%, like the one I showed you earlier,

904
00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:55,280
and a 14%, like that one

905
00:37:55,280 --> 00:37:57,280
on the table over there.

906
00:37:57,280 --> 00:37:59,280
By the way, if this 1% model

907
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:01,280
has a wingspan of 2 1⁄2 feet,

908
00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:03,280
what would be the wingspan of the real airplane?

909
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:05,280
He doesn't know that

910
00:38:05,280 --> 00:38:07,280
I'm a math whiz too.

911
00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:09,280
That's easy.

912
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:11,280
1% equals 1 100.

913
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:13,280
So you just multiply

914
00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:15,280
2.5 by 100,

915
00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:17,280
and you get

916
00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:19,280
250.

917
00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:21,280
You would do great at making a model.

918
00:38:21,280 --> 00:38:23,280
Okay guys, let's put our ideas together

919
00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,280
and go from there.

920
00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:27,280
Let's go to the problem board.

921
00:38:27,280 --> 00:38:29,280
What do we know?

922
00:38:29,280 --> 00:38:31,280
We know that the problem is we want to make our bikes safer at night.

923
00:38:31,280 --> 00:38:33,280
We know that anyone can be an inventor.

924
00:38:33,280 --> 00:38:35,280
Inventors brainstorm

925
00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:37,280
a lot of solutions,

926
00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:39,280
and we know how to evaluate our ideas.

927
00:38:39,280 --> 00:38:41,280
We know that we need to build a model

928
00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:43,280
before we build our inventions.

929
00:38:43,280 --> 00:38:45,280
What do we need to know?

930
00:38:45,280 --> 00:38:47,280
I think we need to know more about building our own model and testing it.

931
00:38:47,280 --> 00:38:49,280
Okay, so where do we go from here?

932
00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:51,280
I'm going to the Wright Brothers Monument

933
00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:53,280
in Kennehawk, North Carolina

934
00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:55,280
and I'm going to write tomorrow.

935
00:38:55,280 --> 00:38:57,280
Maybe I'll learn something about how the Wright Brothers did their tests.

936
00:38:57,280 --> 00:38:59,280
Yeah, maybe I'll see them again.

937
00:38:59,280 --> 00:39:01,280
Good afternoon.

938
00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:03,280
I'm I Am Listening,

939
00:39:03,280 --> 00:39:05,280
reporting live for

940
00:39:05,280 --> 00:39:07,280
Kids Science News Network

941
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:09,280
with this breaking news.

942
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:11,280
I'm here at the Invention Innovation Convention

943
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:13,280
with last year's winner,

944
00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:15,280
Isaac N. Vention.

945
00:39:15,280 --> 00:39:17,280
Mr. Vention, you...

946
00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:19,280
Wow!

947
00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:21,280
That's one volcano that's out of the running.

948
00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:23,280
Now, Mr. Vention,

949
00:39:23,280 --> 00:39:25,280
you won last year's competition

950
00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:27,280
with a nuclear-powered electric toothbrush,

951
00:39:27,280 --> 00:39:29,280
and you've got an even bigger

952
00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:31,280
and better invention for us this year.

953
00:39:31,280 --> 00:39:33,280
Tell me, with so many great

954
00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:35,280
inventions in the competition this year,

955
00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:37,280
do the Treehouse Detectives have

956
00:39:37,280 --> 00:39:39,280
any hope of winning?

957
00:39:39,280 --> 00:39:41,280
No, Ms. Listening, not a chance.

958
00:39:41,280 --> 00:39:43,280
If you'll excuse me.

959
00:39:43,280 --> 00:39:45,280
There you have it, ladies and gentlemen.

960
00:39:45,280 --> 00:39:47,280
The Treehouse Detectives

961
00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:49,280
have a long way to go if they're going to have any hope

962
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:51,280
of winning the Kid Genius Award

963
00:39:51,280 --> 00:39:53,280
from the Invention Innova...

964
00:39:53,280 --> 00:39:55,280
Ah!

965
00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:01,280
Slow down there, son.

966
00:40:01,280 --> 00:40:03,280
Be careful.

967
00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:05,280
Sorry. I guess I just got carried away when I saw you.

968
00:40:05,280 --> 00:40:07,280
You're Wobble Wright, aren't you?

969
00:40:07,280 --> 00:40:09,280
What are you doing here?

970
00:40:09,280 --> 00:40:11,280
We're hoping to test our new glider,

971
00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:13,280
if our weather conditions improve.

972
00:40:13,280 --> 00:40:15,280
Last year was very frustrating for us.

973
00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:17,280
It was a failure, Wobble.

974
00:40:17,280 --> 00:40:19,280
We were using Otto Lilienthal's lift calculations,

975
00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:21,280
which were generally considered to be accurate.

976
00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:23,280
But after last year's frustrations,

977
00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:25,280
we wondered if they might be wrong.

978
00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:27,280
So we decided to do our own lift calculations.

979
00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:29,280
How did you do that?

980
00:40:29,280 --> 00:40:31,280
Wobble built a wind tunnel

981
00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:33,280
and created a wonderful scale to measure

982
00:40:33,280 --> 00:40:35,280
and calculate lift.

983
00:40:35,280 --> 00:40:37,280
We created and tested several different types of airfoils

984
00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:39,280
to find the one with the most lift.

985
00:40:39,280 --> 00:40:41,280
We're really anxious to test

986
00:40:41,280 --> 00:40:43,280
as soon as the wind conditions are favorable.

987
00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:45,280
Why can't you test them now?

988
00:40:45,280 --> 00:40:47,280
How can you stand waiting?

989
00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:49,280
Waiting is difficult.

990
00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:51,280
But if we don't conduct our tests in appropriate conditions,

991
00:40:51,280 --> 00:40:53,280
we might invalidate our results.

992
00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:55,280
Worse yet, we could damage our glider

993
00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:57,280
and ourselves.

994
00:40:57,280 --> 00:40:59,280
No, we must wait until conditions are right.

995
00:41:01,280 --> 00:41:03,280
So what's up?

996
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:05,280
What type of model will the Treehouse Detectives build?

997
00:41:05,280 --> 00:41:07,280
How will they test their model?

998
00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:09,280
Where will Jacob see the Wright Brothers next?

999
00:41:09,280 --> 00:41:11,280
You'll find out on the conclusion of

1000
00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:13,280
The Wright Invention.

1001
00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:17,280
The Wright Invention

1002
00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:25,280
In the conclusion of

1003
00:41:25,280 --> 00:41:27,280
The Case of the Wright Invention,

1004
00:41:27,280 --> 00:41:29,280
you'll be asked

1005
00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:31,280
What do Treehouse Detectives do

1006
00:41:31,280 --> 00:41:33,280
when their tests fail?

1007
00:41:33,280 --> 00:41:35,280
How do they redesign the model?

1008
00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:37,280
And how do inventors

1009
00:41:37,280 --> 00:41:39,280
protect their inventions?

1010
00:41:45,280 --> 00:41:47,280
The Wright Invention

1011
00:42:05,280 --> 00:42:07,280
This just isn't working.

1012
00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:09,280
What's wrong?

1013
00:42:09,280 --> 00:42:11,280
Why can't we make these things work?

1014
00:42:11,280 --> 00:42:13,280
Do you remember what Mr. Jed at the Limson Center said

1015
00:42:13,280 --> 00:42:15,280
about genius and perseverance?

1016
00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:17,280
Well, I wrote it in my journal. Here it is.

1017
00:42:17,280 --> 00:42:19,280
Thomas Edison said

1018
00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:21,280
that genius is only 1% inspiration

1019
00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:23,280
and 99% perspiration.

1020
00:42:23,280 --> 00:42:25,280
And that Benjamin Franklin said

1021
00:42:25,280 --> 00:42:27,280
that he never failed,

1022
00:42:27,280 --> 00:42:29,280
he just found 10,000 ways it didn't work.

1023
00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:31,280
And Thomas Jefferson said

1024
00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:33,280
the harder he worked, the more luck he found.

1025
00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:35,280
I guess just because things aren't working for us right now,

1026
00:42:35,280 --> 00:42:37,280
it's no reason to quit.

1027
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:39,280
Remember what Mr. Wisak said

1028
00:42:39,280 --> 00:42:41,280
about taking time to analyze our data from testing

1029
00:42:41,280 --> 00:42:43,280
and using what we learn

1030
00:42:43,280 --> 00:42:45,280
to make our model better?

1031
00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:47,280
Jacob's right. Design, build, test, analyze,

1032
00:42:47,280 --> 00:42:49,280
and redesign over and over and over again

1033
00:42:49,280 --> 00:42:51,280
until we get it right.

1034
00:42:51,280 --> 00:42:53,280
Remember, it took the Wright Brothers 4 years of hard work

1035
00:42:53,280 --> 00:42:55,280
to get their airplane to fly

1036
00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:57,280
and 2 more years to get it to fly

1037
00:42:57,280 --> 00:42:59,280
the way they want it to.

1038
00:42:59,280 --> 00:43:01,280
I have an idea. NASA's testing

1039
00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:03,280
a high-altitude plane called Helios in Hawaii.

1040
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:05,280
Let's email them and see if we can

1041
00:43:05,280 --> 00:43:07,280
set up a video conference

1042
00:43:07,280 --> 00:43:09,280
to see how they do their test.

1043
00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:11,280
Hi, I'm John Del Frate.

1044
00:43:11,280 --> 00:43:13,280
You guys are the Treehouse Detectives.

1045
00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:15,280
That's us.

1046
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:17,280
Thanks for talking with us.

1047
00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:19,280
What can I help you with today?

1048
00:43:19,280 --> 00:43:21,280
We're having a hard time with testing.

1049
00:43:21,280 --> 00:43:23,280
We heard you just finished testing the Helios plane.

1050
00:43:23,280 --> 00:43:25,280
Could you give us some advice on testing?

1051
00:43:25,280 --> 00:43:27,280
Sure, I'd be happy to.

1052
00:43:27,280 --> 00:43:29,280
What exactly is the Helios?

1053
00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:31,280
Well, Helios is a

1054
00:43:31,280 --> 00:43:33,280
solar-powered flying wing aircraft.

1055
00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:35,280
It's flown remotely from the ground

1056
00:43:35,280 --> 00:43:37,280
and some people have described it as a flying yardstick.

1057
00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:39,280
It's not designed to carry people,

1058
00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:41,280
so you can shape it much differently.

1059
00:43:41,280 --> 00:43:43,280
It has one of the biggest wings ever built.

1060
00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:45,280
If you can believe it,

1061
00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:47,280
its wingspan is bigger than a 747's.

1062
00:43:47,280 --> 00:43:49,280
Yet it's extremely lightweight.

1063
00:43:49,280 --> 00:43:51,280
It weighs less than most cars.

1064
00:43:51,280 --> 00:43:53,280
Why was it built?

1065
00:43:53,280 --> 00:43:55,280
NASA had two reasons.

1066
00:43:55,280 --> 00:43:57,280
The first was that we needed a special airplane

1067
00:43:57,280 --> 00:43:59,280
to collect information

1068
00:43:59,280 --> 00:44:01,280
about our atmosphere up to 100,000 feet.

1069
00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:03,280
That's three times higher

1070
00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:05,280
than a regular passenger airplane flies.

1071
00:44:05,280 --> 00:44:07,280
Recently,

1072
00:44:07,280 --> 00:44:09,280
Helios set a new world record

1073
00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:11,280
by flying to 96,863 feet.

1074
00:44:11,280 --> 00:44:13,280
The second reason

1075
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:15,280
was that we wanted to design an airplane

1076
00:44:15,280 --> 00:44:17,280
to fly longer than any airplane

1077
00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:19,280
has ever flown.

1078
00:44:19,280 --> 00:44:21,280
Why do you need to test your vision?

1079
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:23,280
Could you tell us how you tested the Helios plane?

1080
00:44:23,280 --> 00:44:25,280
Testing is really important for us

1081
00:44:25,280 --> 00:44:27,280
for a couple different reasons.

1082
00:44:27,280 --> 00:44:29,280
The first is that we want to make sure

1083
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:31,280
we actually understand how our airplane

1084
00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:33,280
and its parts work.

1085
00:44:33,280 --> 00:44:35,280
We design a test

1086
00:44:35,280 --> 00:44:37,280
and use the best information to predict the outcome of it.

1087
00:44:37,280 --> 00:44:39,280
Then we compare the results

1088
00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:41,280
with our predictions

1089
00:44:41,280 --> 00:44:43,280
and figure out why they might be different.

1090
00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:45,280
There's another reason why we test so much.

1091
00:44:45,280 --> 00:44:47,280
It's because building airplanes is very expensive.

1092
00:44:47,280 --> 00:44:49,280
We've been testing different parts

1093
00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:51,280
of Helios since 1996.

1094
00:44:51,280 --> 00:44:53,280
That's a long time.

1095
00:44:53,280 --> 00:44:55,280
How could it take that long?

1096
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:57,280
In the beginning,

1097
00:44:57,280 --> 00:44:59,280
we start out with simple models like this one

1098
00:44:59,280 --> 00:45:01,280
to test the aerodynamic design.

1099
00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:03,280
And then we made bigger and more complicated models

1100
00:45:03,280 --> 00:45:05,280
until we were ready to actually

1101
00:45:05,280 --> 00:45:07,280
make the real airplane.

1102
00:45:07,280 --> 00:45:09,280
On some of our parts, like the propellers for example,

1103
00:45:09,280 --> 00:45:11,280
we had to change the design

1104
00:45:11,280 --> 00:45:13,280
and start all over.

1105
00:45:13,280 --> 00:45:15,280
It's a long process.

1106
00:45:15,280 --> 00:45:17,280
We aren't the only ones who've taken time to test.

1107
00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:19,280
The Wright Brothers tested patiently

1108
00:45:19,280 --> 00:45:21,280
for several years before they succeeded

1109
00:45:21,280 --> 00:45:23,280
way back in 1903.

1110
00:45:23,280 --> 00:45:25,280
Careful testing leads to success.

1111
00:45:25,280 --> 00:45:27,280
By the way, you know the place where the Wright Brothers

1112
00:45:27,280 --> 00:45:29,280
completed their first flight?

1113
00:45:29,280 --> 00:45:31,280
It's called the International Monument,

1114
00:45:31,280 --> 00:45:33,280
and it's a wonderful place to visit.

1115
00:45:33,280 --> 00:45:35,280
Great idea. We should go there.

1116
00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:37,280
Do you have any other advice for us and our invention?

1117
00:45:37,280 --> 00:45:39,280
Actually, I do.

1118
00:45:39,280 --> 00:45:41,280
Before you begin the test,

1119
00:45:41,280 --> 00:45:43,280
you need to think about what could possibly go wrong

1120
00:45:43,280 --> 00:45:45,280
and be prepared to handle it.

1121
00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:47,280
Thank you, and good luck with Helios.

1122
00:45:47,280 --> 00:45:49,280
Can you imagine going up

1123
00:45:49,280 --> 00:45:51,280
100,000 feet in an airplane?

1124
00:45:51,280 --> 00:45:53,280
No thanks.

1125
00:45:53,280 --> 00:45:55,280
Well, maybe we're on the right track.

1126
00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:57,280
We just need to rethink what we're trying to do.

1127
00:45:57,280 --> 00:45:59,280
You know,

1128
00:45:59,280 --> 00:46:01,280
this tire looks really skinny when you look at it this way.

1129
00:46:01,280 --> 00:46:03,280
It won't matter how reflective the paint is.

1130
00:46:03,280 --> 00:46:05,280
No one will be able to see it at night.

1131
00:46:05,280 --> 00:46:07,280
You're right. It's easier to see a bike

1132
00:46:07,280 --> 00:46:09,280
from the side than from the front and back.

1133
00:46:09,280 --> 00:46:11,280
Maybe we should stop trying to make

1134
00:46:11,280 --> 00:46:13,280
the bike more visible and start concentrating

1135
00:46:13,280 --> 00:46:15,280
on the rider.

1136
00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:17,280
That sounds good, but what if we did both?

1137
00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:19,280
What if we used the best reflective coating

1138
00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:21,280
and put it on the bike,

1139
00:46:21,280 --> 00:46:23,280
then used the best reflective material

1140
00:46:23,280 --> 00:46:25,280
and put it on the vest?

1141
00:46:25,280 --> 00:46:27,280
Then you'd be more visible.

1142
00:46:27,280 --> 00:46:29,280
But only if the car's headlights

1143
00:46:29,280 --> 00:46:31,280
hit the reflective material.

1144
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:33,280
What if we put a blinking light on top of the helmet?

1145
00:46:33,280 --> 00:46:35,280
Then you'd be visible even at dusk.

1146
00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:37,280
I don't know if I want to wear something like that,

1147
00:46:37,280 --> 00:46:39,280
but I guess I would

1148
00:46:39,280 --> 00:46:41,280
if it makes me safer at night.

1149
00:46:51,280 --> 00:46:53,280
Dr. D, we did it!

1150
00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:55,280
Our invention works great.

1151
00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:57,280
Congratulations. Looks like you brought it with you.

1152
00:46:57,280 --> 00:46:59,280
You bet. Look at this.

1153
00:46:59,280 --> 00:47:01,280
Check out this vest.

1154
00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:03,280
And the helmet has a spotlight and a blinker.

1155
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:05,280
Wow.

1156
00:47:05,280 --> 00:47:07,280
I'm really impressed. It's unique.

1157
00:47:07,280 --> 00:47:09,280
Looks like you really made the invention process work for you.

1158
00:47:09,280 --> 00:47:11,280
We really struggled to get started.

1159
00:47:11,280 --> 00:47:13,280
We didn't have any ideas

1160
00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:15,280
until you helped us with our

1161
00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:17,280
bug list or need list.

1162
00:47:17,280 --> 00:47:19,280
Once we decided to find a way to make a bike

1163
00:47:19,280 --> 00:47:21,280
more visible at night, we came up with a lot

1164
00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:23,280
of possible solutions.

1165
00:47:23,280 --> 00:47:25,280
We tried hard not to be critical,

1166
00:47:25,280 --> 00:47:27,280
but that was hard to do.

1167
00:47:27,280 --> 00:47:29,280
Jacob and I had some pretty silly ideas.

1168
00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:31,280
Hey, remember, no idea is a bad idea.

1169
00:47:31,280 --> 00:47:33,280
Okay, then we learned from Dr. Faith

1170
00:47:33,280 --> 00:47:35,280
that we had to come up with criteria

1171
00:47:35,280 --> 00:47:37,280
to evaluate our solutions.

1172
00:47:37,280 --> 00:47:39,280
Yes, like it should be cheap

1173
00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:41,280
and something that we can do ourselves.

1174
00:47:41,280 --> 00:47:43,280
That helped us to narrow it down to two things.

1175
00:47:43,280 --> 00:47:45,280
Keep going. Looks like you've been following

1176
00:47:45,280 --> 00:47:47,280
the invention process very carefully.

1177
00:47:47,280 --> 00:47:49,280
Then we built models of both of our ideas

1178
00:47:49,280 --> 00:47:51,280
and tested them, but nothing was really working.

1179
00:47:51,280 --> 00:47:53,280
We had this really great idea

1180
00:47:53,280 --> 00:47:55,280
that if we combined both of our ideas,

1181
00:47:55,280 --> 00:47:57,280
we'd come up with this really terrific invention.

1182
00:47:57,280 --> 00:47:59,280
So then we built a prototype

1183
00:47:59,280 --> 00:48:01,280
or full-size model

1184
00:48:01,280 --> 00:48:03,280
and tested it with our parents.

1185
00:48:03,280 --> 00:48:05,280
I knew you guys could do it.

1186
00:48:05,280 --> 00:48:07,280
What are you going to call it? It does need a name.

1187
00:48:07,280 --> 00:48:09,280
I never thought of that.

1188
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:11,280
How about Bike Brite?

1189
00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:13,280
Or the Knife Buster?

1190
00:48:13,280 --> 00:48:15,280
Those are both great names.

1191
00:48:15,280 --> 00:48:17,280
Oh, I almost forgot. Did you bring a smoke machine?

1192
00:48:17,280 --> 00:48:19,280
I did. Can we try it out?

1193
00:48:19,280 --> 00:48:21,280
Here's my prototype.

1194
00:48:21,280 --> 00:48:23,280
I'm excited to try it. Let's fill it with smoke

1195
00:48:23,280 --> 00:48:25,280
and see what happens.

1196
00:48:29,280 --> 00:48:31,280
That's really cool.

1197
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:35,280
Thanks for all your help.

1198
00:48:35,280 --> 00:48:37,280
I couldn't have done it without you.

1199
00:48:37,280 --> 00:48:39,280
For once, we had a chance

1200
00:48:39,280 --> 00:48:41,280
to help you, Dr. D.

1201
00:48:41,280 --> 00:48:43,280
Hope you've been keeping your eye log

1202
00:48:43,280 --> 00:48:45,280
and writing down all of your ideas in your work.

1203
00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:47,280
Of course.

1204
00:48:47,280 --> 00:48:49,280
Why would you ask us a question like that?

1205
00:48:49,280 --> 00:48:51,280
Well, good, because that will help you prepare

1206
00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,280
for the last and final step of the invention process.

1207
00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:55,280
What's that?

1208
00:48:55,280 --> 00:48:57,280
Protect your invention.

1209
00:48:57,280 --> 00:48:59,280
How would an inventor's log help us to keep it from getting broken?

1210
00:48:59,280 --> 00:49:01,280
I don't mean that kind of protection.

1211
00:49:01,280 --> 00:49:03,280
I mean to keep someone from stealing your idea.

1212
00:49:03,280 --> 00:49:05,280
Wow.

1213
00:49:05,280 --> 00:49:07,280
We never thought of that.

1214
00:49:07,280 --> 00:49:09,280
For example, Daniel Drawbar

1215
00:49:09,280 --> 00:49:11,280
said that he'd invented the telephone.

1216
00:49:11,280 --> 00:49:13,280
He didn't have a single paper or record to prove it.

1217
00:49:13,280 --> 00:49:15,280
I thought Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

1218
00:49:15,280 --> 00:49:17,280
But the Supreme Court decided

1219
00:49:17,280 --> 00:49:19,280
they rejected Drawbar's claims

1220
00:49:19,280 --> 00:49:21,280
because he had no journal or record.

1221
00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:23,280
Alexander Graham Bell had excellent records

1222
00:49:23,280 --> 00:49:25,280
and was therefore awarded the patent for the telephone.

1223
00:49:25,280 --> 00:49:27,280
We don't want that to happen to us.

1224
00:49:27,280 --> 00:49:29,280
I think we need to learn something about patents

1225
00:49:29,280 --> 00:49:31,280
and how to protect our invention.

1226
00:49:31,280 --> 00:49:33,280
The U.S. Patent Office

1227
00:49:33,280 --> 00:49:35,280
is a great source of information.

1228
00:49:35,280 --> 00:49:37,280
Wow. There's a lot of information

1229
00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:39,280
on this Patent Office website.

1230
00:49:39,280 --> 00:49:41,280
I think we need to talk to someone about this.

1231
00:49:41,280 --> 00:49:43,280
Well, let's get up and go to the Patent Office.

1232
00:49:43,280 --> 00:49:45,280
Bye, Dr. D.

1233
00:49:45,280 --> 00:49:47,280
Bye.

1234
00:49:47,280 --> 00:49:49,280
Hi, I'm Ms. Nyeblood.

1235
00:49:49,280 --> 00:49:51,280
Welcome to the Patent and Trademark Museum.

1236
00:49:51,280 --> 00:49:53,280
Hi, I'm Bianca.

1237
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:55,280
We finished our invention and we'd like to learn more about patents.

1238
00:49:55,280 --> 00:49:57,280
Well, you've come to the right place.

1239
00:49:57,280 --> 00:49:59,280
The United States Patent and Trademark Office

1240
00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:01,280
has been protecting the rights of inventors

1241
00:50:01,280 --> 00:50:03,280
for over 200 years.

1242
00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:05,280
Well, what is a patent?

1243
00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:07,280
Well, a patent is a property right granted by the U.S. government

1244
00:50:07,280 --> 00:50:09,280
that gives an inventor the right to exclude

1245
00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:11,280
all others from making, using, or selling

1246
00:50:11,280 --> 00:50:13,280
the invention for up to 20 years

1247
00:50:13,280 --> 00:50:15,280
without the inventor's permission.

1248
00:50:15,280 --> 00:50:17,280
How can we recognize a patent when we see one?

1249
00:50:17,280 --> 00:50:19,280
Do you like ice cream?

1250
00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:21,280
Have you ever noticed patent numbers

1251
00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:23,280
on some of the products that you use every day?

1252
00:50:23,280 --> 00:50:25,280
Like these right here on this ice cream freezer.

1253
00:50:25,280 --> 00:50:27,280
And this is what the patent looks like.

1254
00:50:27,280 --> 00:50:29,280
But how do we know

1255
00:50:29,280 --> 00:50:31,280
the difference between a trademark and a patent?

1256
00:50:31,280 --> 00:50:33,280
This is Walt Disney's original

1257
00:50:33,280 --> 00:50:35,280
trademark application for Mickey Mouse.

1258
00:50:35,280 --> 00:50:37,280
We sometimes like to call it

1259
00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:39,280
Mickey's birth certificate.

1260
00:50:39,280 --> 00:50:41,280
Trademarks protect words, names,

1261
00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:43,280
symbols, sounds, smells,

1262
00:50:43,280 --> 00:50:45,280
or colors that distinguish the products

1263
00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:47,280
or services of one company

1264
00:50:47,280 --> 00:50:49,280
from those of another.

1265
00:50:49,280 --> 00:50:51,280
Like Ben & Jerry's or Breyer's?

1266
00:50:51,280 --> 00:50:53,280
You got it. The Coke bottle is a registered trademark, too.

1267
00:50:53,280 --> 00:50:55,280
Can books be patented?

1268
00:50:55,280 --> 00:50:57,280
No, but they can be copyrighted.

1269
00:50:57,280 --> 00:50:59,280
Authors and artists can register

1270
00:50:59,280 --> 00:51:01,280
their copyrights with the Library of Congress.

1271
00:51:01,280 --> 00:51:03,280
Thanks, Ms. Nyblood.

1272
00:51:03,280 --> 00:51:05,280
I never knew there was so much involved with inventing.

1273
00:51:05,280 --> 00:51:07,280
It's really hard work,

1274
00:51:07,280 --> 00:51:09,280
and it can be very expensive.

1275
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:11,280
But just like other kinds of property,

1276
00:51:11,280 --> 00:51:13,280
intellectual property,

1277
00:51:13,280 --> 00:51:15,280
your patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets

1278
00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:17,280
need to be protected.

1279
00:51:17,280 --> 00:51:19,280
This has been helpful. Thanks a lot.

1280
00:51:19,280 --> 00:51:21,280
Bye.

1281
00:51:21,280 --> 00:51:23,280
Bye, and good luck.

1282
00:51:25,280 --> 00:51:27,280
You guys, our inventions are so cool.

1283
00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:29,280
But I hope everyone else likes them.

1284
00:51:29,280 --> 00:51:31,280
Did you know that the Wright brothers

1285
00:51:31,280 --> 00:51:33,280
received their patent for their flying machine

1286
00:51:33,280 --> 00:51:35,280
many, many years after their invention?

1287
00:51:35,280 --> 00:51:37,280
I don't want that to happen to us.

1288
00:51:37,280 --> 00:51:39,280
That's why patents are so important.

1289
00:51:39,280 --> 00:51:41,280
You know, we haven't even named it yet.

1290
00:51:41,280 --> 00:51:43,280
What should we call it?

1291
00:51:43,280 --> 00:51:45,280
How about Vizigier?

1292
00:51:45,280 --> 00:51:47,280
Nah.

1293
00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:49,280
Hey, guys.

1294
00:51:49,280 --> 00:51:51,280
We did a good job, didn't we?

1295
00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:53,280
We sure did.

1296
00:51:53,280 --> 00:51:55,280
And who knows? Maybe we'll even win the contest.

1297
00:51:55,280 --> 00:51:57,280
There are more inventions waiting for you

1298
00:51:57,280 --> 00:51:59,280
than that's the White Falls website.

1299
00:51:59,280 --> 00:52:01,280
You can become an inventor, too.

1300
00:52:01,280 --> 00:52:03,280
Hello, there.

1301
00:52:03,280 --> 00:52:05,280
People have dreamed of flying

1302
00:52:05,280 --> 00:52:07,280
for centuries,

1303
00:52:07,280 --> 00:52:09,280
and it finally happened

1304
00:52:09,280 --> 00:52:11,280
in 1903 when the Wright brothers

1305
00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:13,280
invented controlled flight

1306
00:52:13,280 --> 00:52:15,280
and flew 852 feet

1307
00:52:15,280 --> 00:52:17,280
in 59 seconds.

1308
00:52:17,280 --> 00:52:19,280
With the invention

1309
00:52:19,280 --> 00:52:21,280
of the jet engine, Chuck Yeager

1310
00:52:21,280 --> 00:52:23,280
flew faster than the speed of sound,

1311
00:52:23,280 --> 00:52:25,280
which is 750 miles per hour,

1312
00:52:25,280 --> 00:52:27,280
and that was in 1947.

1313
00:52:27,280 --> 00:52:29,280
Then

1314
00:52:29,280 --> 00:52:31,280
NASA invented successful rockets

1315
00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:33,280
that took John Glenn into orbit

1316
00:52:33,280 --> 00:52:35,280
around the Earth

1317
00:52:35,280 --> 00:52:37,280
in 1962 and

1318
00:52:37,280 --> 00:52:39,280
Neil Armstrong to the moon

1319
00:52:39,280 --> 00:52:41,280
in 1969.

1320
00:52:41,280 --> 00:52:43,280
Right now, NASA

1321
00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:45,280
astronauts are building the International

1322
00:52:45,280 --> 00:52:47,280
Space Station

1323
00:52:47,280 --> 00:52:49,280
220 miles above us.

1324
00:52:49,280 --> 00:52:51,280
This is going to be the first permanently

1325
00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:53,280
orbiting space hotel and

1326
00:52:53,280 --> 00:52:55,280
research facility.

1327
00:52:55,280 --> 00:52:57,280
And guess what?

1328
00:52:57,280 --> 00:52:59,280
Now NASA is building

1329
00:52:59,280 --> 00:53:01,280
airplanes that fly like birds.

1330
00:53:01,280 --> 00:53:03,280
Imagine that. Fly

1331
00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:05,280
like birds. I love it!

1332
00:53:07,280 --> 00:53:09,280
So, in the spirit

1333
00:53:09,280 --> 00:53:11,280
of good inventions, I have invented

1334
00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:13,280
my own flying machine prototype.

1335
00:53:13,280 --> 00:53:15,280
And if it works, I should be able to

1336
00:53:15,280 --> 00:53:17,280
fly in relative ease from place to place.

1337
00:53:17,280 --> 00:53:19,280
So, here we go.

1338
00:53:21,280 --> 00:53:23,280
Uh-oh.

1339
00:53:27,280 --> 00:53:29,280
Not a

1340
00:53:29,280 --> 00:53:31,280
very good idea.

1341
00:53:33,280 --> 00:53:35,280
Hey, that reminds me.

1342
00:53:35,280 --> 00:53:37,280
Let's go to the Wright Brothers Monument and see

1343
00:53:37,280 --> 00:53:39,280
the Wright Brothers' first flu. I met the

1344
00:53:39,280 --> 00:53:41,280
neatest ranger there, and maybe he can tell me

1345
00:53:41,280 --> 00:53:43,280
why I've been seeing the Wright Brothers everywhere.

1346
00:53:43,280 --> 00:53:45,280
Great idea. I'll ask my dad if he can

1347
00:53:45,280 --> 00:53:47,280
drive us. You guys go ahead.

1348
00:53:47,280 --> 00:53:49,280
I have homework.

1349
00:53:49,280 --> 00:53:51,280
Bye.

1350
00:53:51,280 --> 00:53:53,280
Hey, Ranger Collins.

1351
00:53:53,280 --> 00:53:55,280
How are you doing? I'm doing fine.

1352
00:53:55,280 --> 00:53:57,280
Jacob's told me so much about your

1353
00:53:57,280 --> 00:53:59,280
tree detectives. Yeah,

1354
00:53:59,280 --> 00:54:01,280
pleased to meet you. This is cool.

1355
00:54:01,280 --> 00:54:03,280
Would you like to see where the Wright Brothers worked?

1356
00:54:03,280 --> 00:54:05,280
Yeah, of course.

1357
00:54:05,280 --> 00:54:07,280
Hey, detectives, do you like homework?

1358
00:54:07,280 --> 00:54:09,280
Well, sure. It depends.

1359
00:54:09,280 --> 00:54:11,280
Kinda.

1360
00:54:11,280 --> 00:54:13,280
The Wright Brothers did tons of homework right here

1361
00:54:13,280 --> 00:54:15,280
in their home at Kitty Hawk. You mean they actually

1362
00:54:15,280 --> 00:54:17,280
slept in these beds?

1363
00:54:17,280 --> 00:54:19,280
Right up top.

1364
00:54:19,280 --> 00:54:21,280
In 1899, they wrote the Smithsonian

1365
00:54:21,280 --> 00:54:23,280
Institution in Washington, D.C.

1366
00:54:23,280 --> 00:54:25,280
Asking for all available information

1367
00:54:25,280 --> 00:54:27,280
on man's early attempts to solve the

1368
00:54:27,280 --> 00:54:29,280
problems of flight. I read that they

1369
00:54:29,280 --> 00:54:31,280
went through all the information and identified

1370
00:54:31,280 --> 00:54:33,280
all the problems that needed to be solved.

1371
00:54:33,280 --> 00:54:35,280
And they used the scientific method to

1372
00:54:35,280 --> 00:54:37,280
achieve powered flight.

1373
00:54:37,280 --> 00:54:39,280
That's right.

1374
00:54:39,280 --> 00:54:41,280
The Wright Brothers identified control

1375
00:54:41,280 --> 00:54:43,280
as the key problem to human flight.

1376
00:54:43,280 --> 00:54:45,280
And they stored their airplane

1377
00:54:45,280 --> 00:54:47,280
in a hangar just like this one.

1378
00:54:47,280 --> 00:54:49,280
This looks really old. I did some

1379
00:54:49,280 --> 00:54:51,280
research on them. I found out it took

1380
00:54:51,280 --> 00:54:53,280
four years of hard work, dedication,

1381
00:54:53,280 --> 00:54:55,280
and lots of disappointments before they

1382
00:54:55,280 --> 00:54:57,280
solved the problem. But the Wright Brothers

1383
00:54:57,280 --> 00:54:59,280
had a dream, and they didn't give up.

1384
00:54:59,280 --> 00:55:01,280
They're like us. We don't

1385
00:55:01,280 --> 00:55:03,280
give up either. It was right here that the

1386
00:55:03,280 --> 00:55:05,280
Wright Brothers developed the airplane control

1387
00:55:05,280 --> 00:55:07,280
system in the year of 1902.

1388
00:55:07,280 --> 00:55:09,280
I bet you didn't know the space shuttle

1389
00:55:09,280 --> 00:55:11,280
used that same control.

1390
00:55:11,280 --> 00:55:13,280
No way! Really?

1391
00:55:13,280 --> 00:55:15,280
It's true. It was

1392
00:55:15,280 --> 00:55:17,280
on this spot that Orvin Wilbur completed

1393
00:55:17,280 --> 00:55:19,280
the most famous flight in world history.

1394
00:55:19,280 --> 00:55:21,280
On December 17, 1903.

1395
00:55:21,280 --> 00:55:23,280
That first

1396
00:55:23,280 --> 00:55:25,280
flight covered a distance of 120

1397
00:55:25,280 --> 00:55:27,280
feet in 12 seconds.

1398
00:55:27,280 --> 00:55:29,280
From the center of the granite boulder to the

1399
00:55:29,280 --> 00:55:31,280
first marker. Do you think

1400
00:55:31,280 --> 00:55:33,280
you could run that far faster than the airplane?

1401
00:55:33,280 --> 00:55:35,280
I can try.

1402
00:55:35,280 --> 00:55:37,280
I gotta time this.

1403
00:55:37,280 --> 00:55:39,280
Alright, Bianca. On your mark,

1404
00:55:39,280 --> 00:55:41,280
get set, go!

1405
00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:43,280
I can't believe you did it in 9 seconds.

1406
00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:45,280
That's faster than the first flight.

1407
00:55:45,280 --> 00:55:47,280
Supergirl, faster than an airplane.

1408
00:55:47,280 --> 00:55:49,280
This is great.

1409
00:55:49,280 --> 00:55:51,280
Thanks, Ranger Collins.

1410
00:55:51,280 --> 00:55:53,280
We appreciate all your help.

1411
00:55:53,280 --> 00:55:55,280
Yeah, thanks. Bye.

1412
00:55:55,280 --> 00:55:57,280
Bye.

1413
00:55:57,280 --> 00:55:59,280
Bye.

1414
00:55:59,280 --> 00:56:01,280
Bye.

1415
00:56:01,280 --> 00:56:03,280
Bye.

1416
00:56:03,280 --> 00:56:05,280
Bye.

1417
00:56:05,280 --> 00:56:07,280
Bye.

1418
00:56:07,280 --> 00:56:09,280
Bye.

1419
00:56:09,280 --> 00:56:11,280
Bye.

1420
00:56:11,280 --> 00:56:13,280
Bye.

1421
00:56:13,280 --> 00:56:15,280
December 17, 1903.

1422
00:56:15,280 --> 00:56:17,280
That was quite a day.

1423
00:56:17,280 --> 00:56:19,280
Marvel,

1424
00:56:19,280 --> 00:56:21,280
I was wondering, do you think these young

1425
00:56:21,280 --> 00:56:23,280
people would like to help us fly our 1902

1426
00:56:23,280 --> 00:56:25,280
glider? Oh, I don't know.

1427
00:56:25,280 --> 00:56:27,280
What do you think? Would you like to help us?

1428
00:56:27,280 --> 00:56:29,280
Do you mean it? Is this for real?

1429
00:56:29,280 --> 00:56:31,280
Who cares? Let's go.

1430
00:56:39,280 --> 00:56:41,280
Alright, everyone.

1431
00:56:41,280 --> 00:56:43,280
When Marvel gives the signal,

1432
00:56:43,280 --> 00:56:45,280
they'll be ready to run down the ridge

1433
00:56:45,280 --> 00:56:47,280
until the glider lifts off.

1434
00:56:47,280 --> 00:56:49,280
Understand?

1435
00:56:49,280 --> 00:56:51,280
Let's go.

1436
00:56:51,280 --> 00:56:53,280
Woo!

1437
00:56:53,280 --> 00:56:55,280
Woo!

1438
00:56:55,280 --> 00:56:57,280
Woo!

1439
00:56:57,280 --> 00:56:59,280
Woo!

1440
00:56:59,280 --> 00:57:01,280
Woo!

1441
00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:03,280
Woo!

1442
00:57:03,280 --> 00:57:05,280
Woo!

1443
00:57:05,280 --> 00:57:07,280
Woo!

1444
00:57:07,280 --> 00:57:09,280
Woo!

1445
00:57:09,280 --> 00:57:11,280
Woo!

1446
00:57:11,280 --> 00:57:13,280
Woo!

1447
00:57:13,280 --> 00:57:15,280
Woo!

1448
00:57:15,280 --> 00:57:17,280
Woo!

1449
00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:19,280
Woo!

1450
00:57:19,280 --> 00:57:21,280
Woo!

1451
00:57:21,280 --> 00:57:23,280
Woo!

1452
00:57:23,280 --> 00:57:25,280
Woo!

1453
00:57:25,280 --> 00:57:27,280
Woo!

1454
00:57:27,280 --> 00:57:29,280
Isn't that great?

1455
00:57:29,280 --> 00:57:31,280
Yeah, sure is.

1456
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:33,280
Unbelievable. Look at it go.

1457
00:57:33,280 --> 00:57:35,280
Who knows? Maybe someday we'll be famous

1458
00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:37,280
inventors, too. I think they believe

1459
00:57:37,280 --> 00:57:39,280
me now. Sometimes, you just have to

1460
00:57:39,280 --> 00:57:41,280
stick to what you believe in.

1461
00:57:41,280 --> 00:57:43,280
Okay, guys. We believe

1462
00:57:43,280 --> 00:57:45,280
Jacob.

1463
00:57:45,280 --> 00:57:47,280
I can't believe it. I actually saw

1464
00:57:47,280 --> 00:57:49,280
Wilbur and Orville Wright with my own eyes.

1465
00:57:49,280 --> 00:57:51,280
Hey, guys. KSN is on with the

1466
00:57:51,280 --> 00:57:53,280
names of the winners. Who knows?

1467
00:57:53,280 --> 00:57:55,280
Maybe we'll be added to the list of famous inventors,

1468
00:57:55,280 --> 00:57:57,280
just like Orville and Wilbur Wright. Okay,

1469
00:57:57,280 --> 00:57:59,280
they're making the announcement. Are we the

1470
00:57:59,280 --> 00:58:01,280
winners? What happened?

1471
00:58:01,280 --> 00:58:03,280
The TV turned off. Oh, well.

1472
00:58:03,280 --> 00:58:05,280
Sometimes, just like Orville and Wilbur Wright,

1473
00:58:05,280 --> 00:58:07,280
great inventors have to wait a while before

1474
00:58:07,280 --> 00:58:09,280
they get recognized. Catch you later.

1475
00:58:09,280 --> 00:58:11,280
All right, that's a wrap. That's good.

1476
00:58:11,280 --> 00:58:13,280
All right!

1477
00:58:13,280 --> 00:58:15,280
Yeah. Oh, my God.

1478
00:58:15,280 --> 00:58:17,280
I'm so glad that I didn't take the whole day.

1479
00:58:17,280 --> 00:58:19,280
Look at my chain.

1480
00:58:19,280 --> 00:58:21,280
Of course.

1481
00:58:21,280 --> 00:58:23,280
I'm gonna get a hernia.

1482
00:58:23,280 --> 00:58:25,280
All right.

1483
00:58:31,280 --> 00:58:33,280
All right, all right.

1484
00:58:33,280 --> 00:58:35,280
The NASA

1485
00:58:35,280 --> 00:58:37,280
Y-Files is made possible through

1486
00:58:37,280 --> 00:58:39,280
the generous support of Bush Gardens,

1487
00:58:39,280 --> 00:58:41,280
SeaWorld, and NASA Langley

1488
00:58:41,280 --> 00:58:43,280
Research Center's Aerospace Vehicle

1489
00:58:43,280 --> 00:58:45,280
Systems Technology Office.