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planning to be a close the well we actually what we know is what's being

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published and that is that it's 15 days counting from today so it's today and 14

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more days so that means to up to the 25th the 25th of March could be the last

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day but we didn't actually know what may be happening you know there may be an

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extension on that there may be an extension and um we don't know actually um nobody

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nobody that i knew was expecting something like this to happen uh to happen uh uh

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holland to happen just like on monday you know like people were not we were not

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yeah expecting something like this that's why we are not prepared i mean it would have been

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much nicer to let you know in advance that that we were going to do something like this instead

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of just uh ongoing and it's been a couple crazy days actually like very crazy days he says that

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we had to prepare everything and knut who's knut canute has his mic on and he doesn't know so i'm

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I'm going I'm going to mute him or her okay and then later when when when we

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know for sure that he is in we can reactivate his he is and this is fun

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because I have I have Caesar over here Caesar must have some problems with his

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connection because he's like waiting over here and your name and canute are

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Are you there?

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Oh, Cesar is coming on.

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Okay.

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And you know.

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Hi.

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Hello.

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Hello.

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Okay, so we can hear you.

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We cannot see you because that doesn't sound like Cesar.

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Is that you Cesar who we're saying hello?

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Nope.

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No, that's your name, right?

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Yes.

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Okay, well, I'm getting you because of your voices,

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which is not that easy.

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Oh, your name is on the screen as well.

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Sorry, I didn't see that.

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Jesus. Okay, now you went on mute. We need to learn how to use this. Typically, what we do is

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that when people come into the classroom, into the meeting, we typically have them on mute

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so that it's only once, so that they don't interrupt, so to say. So they begin on mute

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and then they can purposefully, like once they're ready, they can go and unmute their microphones.

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okay now um your name since you can hear and uh can you re re-enable your audio unmute your

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your your your microphone yourself yes you can okay terrific thank you i just wanted to make

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sure about that uh and now we cannot see your image the season i think he just got disconnected

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it somehow I'm not sure though but I think because I cannot see anything

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there Caesar are you there I think Caesar doesn't have a microphone because

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it doesn't show here all right well good enough I was trying guys to to share I

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was trying to share some screen which I was testing with my pen and we could do

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but then I was I was testing whether you could listen to something from my

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computers to see whether we could play a listen exercise or not and apparently we

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cannot do that okay so I'm gonna have another go and if not we'll adapt and

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and we'll investigate this.

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Now, right now, you are not, you are not, if I come over here, you can see the screen.

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Now, share the computer audio, that should be it.

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All right, so then again, let me just try very quickly, one more time.

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Track 18, grammar.

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Can you hear?

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The disparity in energy use between different countries is linked, of course, to their level of economic...

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So, could you hear to this listening piece?

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Yeah.

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Oh, you could? Now you could? You could listen to it as well, Ricardo?

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Yes, I can listen and hear properly.

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Terrific! Terrific! Because this was not working when it was only Maite and I.

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Okay. Oh, terrific.

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All right.

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All right, guys. So, let's try to...

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I'm excited.

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let's try and follow the exercises

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I guess if we were in class

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let's see how it goes

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so we have this question over here

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well this topic

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if you remember properly

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last day we saw that video

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with the laundry machine thing

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you remember

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and

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this guy was discussing

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how much energy we use

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and how we need to share more of the energy

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that we globally have

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with uh people from lower incomes okay so this is again about the same thing so little warm-up

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exercise it gives you a couple questions over here okay compared to other people in the world

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do you think your own personal energy use is above or below average and also are you aware

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of how you use your energy okay around these things like at home or moving around or whatever

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so let me do something I'm gonna try I'm gonna try and minimize this and do this

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I'm gonna try and break you not like this hold on a second all right this is

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I'm gonna try and group you if I go like this then I can break you in groups of

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two like this okay are you in in small you should have got like a message no

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yes you have got a message saying that uh that's it okay like you are regrouping now so cesar and

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your name might and might have your nesses or not and there's two people over here who didn't make

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it okay so uh javier and uh ricardo did you get a a message saying that you could join our little

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room a discussion room okay i'm going to uh to join right now okay go ahead and try thanks

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and then javier javier are you there i'm sorry i'm on my own i'm gonna move you with

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this guys okay i'm actually gonna move you to this other one because caesar is on his own

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Ah, all right. Well, we have some arrangements now. All of you are in pairs.

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I don't know if you can listen to what I am actually saying or not. Like this.

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And I don't know if I can listen to you guys. That would be interesting.

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If I could go myself. OK.

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Hello, someone there? Oh, I can't see anything.

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why is this not connected hello no it's only me here now if I come over to the

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participant list it's only me all right so I'm gonna break out I'm gonna break

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the rooms now they seem to be working fine okay that's it all right guys so

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you are uh coming back i'm bringing you back okay i'm bringing you back from the from the small

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from the small groups i have to get familiar with with all the screen your face are where

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where the controls are and so on there is only knut knut is mariano okay one day mariana is

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Knut so we are he he's still out there he now he's still missing yeah eight

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seven more seconds and then everybody will come back to the main I think

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Paloma is also waiting oh damn it let me see how can I see that okay now it's

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It's okay, fine for me.

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Hi, Maite.

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It's the problem with that.

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Let's see.

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Let me close that down.

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Participants.

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I don't seem to.

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Yeah, it's all right.

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Don't worry.

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I don't seem to see, I don't seem to be able to find anyone else waiting, Maite.

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six participants yeah so you can see there are six participants but there is no one in

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the waiting room there doesn't seem to be any waiting room okay your name is that so you see

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guys the thing could you hear like a tv in the background that's because there's like a tv

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somewhere where you are uh because not all of you have headsets you know because it's the first day

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we can actually hear your tv and so on of course when ah that was you

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it's okay it's not a big problem like in if we have to do this next time not a problem don't

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you worry that's good this is javier rodriguez my son i don't know why the name is this through

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google play hello javier how are you doing say hello hi hello are you excited to be in class

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with your mom are you listening okay bye no it's a good thing maybe he's all he's also receiving

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some online lessons yes he is he's actually he's yes okay are they using a video conferencing

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platform like we are or well he's doing the dual diploma academy with the u.s and also um

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his school due to this problem and they use the i mean some i don't know if it is zoom also

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they use zoom they use zoom as well okay yes yes so he's familiar with with the system he

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he can help you out yeah with the controls and everything over there that's good fun

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yeah all right terrific uh uh maite are you sure that uh no i think i think it's missing one more

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click so i will install here well just try to help her of course if we have more time we'll

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develop like uh or we'll find um tutorials and stuff like that so it's also important

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it's important your impression whether it was easy for you to join just by clicking on the

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link i'm following the steps over there or if or if you found it difficult how was it okay

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jose luis paloma is lost and she sent me a message i am here and lost what okay

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no she's lost i don't know if i should say well the link oh yeah just follow the link is basically

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follow the main link and that would be it okay of course it's the first time we do it so there's

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people who will have problems with this okay yeah so let's pretend let's just wait and see

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if paloma can join or not but let's let's pretend and follow the as if these were our face-to-face

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lesson then okay so guys let's focus on the on the on those two questions that we that we had

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okay your opinions and then i suppose that if we all speak at the same time it's going to be

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confusing so i'm gonna be kind of asking you by name okay so uh maite what about the first

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question will you think about your energy consumption so compared to other um countries

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i think spain will be above the average right but if we talk about the personal consumption i think

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in my case i am doing a responsible use of the energy as i am environmentally concerned right

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so apart from the use of car which is not a good option when we have all other alternatives

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um i'm doing a good consumption of the energy oh so you do use a car yeah okay and you feel bad

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about it yeah okay careful with where it's like uh alternative okay because uh it's like a long

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oh okay alternative okay more than old more than old alternative for alternative okay alternative

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it's like i know right nice terrific uh yeah probably we are above average you know compared

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to the whole world certainly we are uh so uh beautiful Beatriz what about you how would you

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define your energy consumption what little tricks do you follow to reduce your consumption

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the problem is not myself it's my my kids this is the main problem

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for example the in the domestic use of the washing machine i don't know how many

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i don't know if you call how many what how many loads how many washes how many washes yes okay

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so i try to to use two maximum a day but sometimes it's more than that because all my family members

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practice a lot of the sports and it's almost impossible to control that and then i as maite

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said i am also very conscious about the responsible use of the energy so i want to switch off the

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lights and you know well i have i own a car and i have to confess so i have to admit that i use a

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car too much because i live outside madrid in arabica so sometimes i am not very responsible

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in the use of car in the use of public transport yeah yeah yeah yeah so again you use your car

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more more frequently than you think it would be uh recommendable so yes yes yes and uh ricardo

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because i asked i asked uh uh beatriz about this but she didn't answer are there any tricks

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any specific tricks that you follow to uh to try to reduce your your consumption like i don't know

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what is it like making sure that you turn off the lights or is there any other specifics that you

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watch out for well in my case i don't drive so i use public transportation and i try to

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go

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to the job

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every day if it's possible

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walking

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by foot

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so you try to walk to your

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work

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I try to walk to my

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work

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and I think

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this is a good idea to save

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energy because

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this allows

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me to be

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in, I don't know how to say them.

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Because I don't go to the gym.

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So, but if I walk every day, this is good for me

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because I can do some exercise

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and using the public transportation is the same.

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And concerning the electricity at home,

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well i try to to save uh electricity but the the the most expensive i i spent a lot of energy

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concerning the heater because my home my place is uh is very cold and in winter i spent a lot of

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energy uh to be warm this is this is a problem and on the other hand i spent also uh a lot of

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energy when i travel because i travel two or three times per year uh a long distance by plane

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and i think this is the the the most consumption of energy that uh traveling by plane that's your

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that's the highest consumption right yeah the highest highest consumption the highest energy

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consumption all right well it seems at least you are aware and you are like uh aware of your

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consumption now you need to find ways to offset your carbon print right that's the kind of thing

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that we would say ways to balance to compensate to offset your carbon print i don't know if uh

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mariano or yone are you are there any specific things that you do to compensate your carbon

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print or are we not that environmentally friendly yet okay in my case i i'm trying to work on food

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uh to to my place so i discarded my car just a year um yeah for me it's healthier to do that

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so i'm happy doing that it's more environmentally and environmentally friendly friendly and it's

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It's better for me to do some activity in the morning.

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So it's a pleasant way to do it.

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And actually, I'm living not far away from where I'm working,

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so I can afford working 20 minutes every day.

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But you live there permanently, right?

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So be careful with the use of tenses

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because if you wouldn't use the present continuous,

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you would say, I live in the present.

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I live quite close to where I work,

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yeah so i i don't mind walking there for example okay oh and we lost we lost your name she just

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she just got disconnected or something when you're here i'm here oh you are oh sorry oh i think it's

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because now it's like more of us here and i could not see all the names or something like that

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all right all right all right yes yes i had to enlarge my uh screen to see you all that's why

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how interesting okay so janae well then your turn come on well for instance i live

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four minutes from my job so i always walk to my work and what else i do well i use the bike

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very healthy yes uh i actually i i almost don't use the car at all

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you don't see very uh none of you mentioned like your priority was always i mean you were saying

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that yes you still use the car uh and that's probably the thing that you are pointing out

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as the thing that you like the less right that you would prefer not to but none of you mentioned

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the possibility of

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getting like an electric car or something

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like that? Is that something that seems

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too far-fetched still

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nowadays or

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it's just like, okay, there's so many

224
00:25:26,170 --> 00:25:27,930
things to do and maybe that's expensive.

225
00:25:28,190 --> 00:25:29,950
I don't know. What would be your...

226
00:25:29,950 --> 00:25:31,589
Cesar, do you drive to work?

227
00:25:32,109 --> 00:25:34,029
Would you mind having an electric car or

228
00:25:34,029 --> 00:25:36,029
do you see that as too far-fetched

229
00:25:36,029 --> 00:25:36,509
nowadays?

230
00:25:38,630 --> 00:25:39,150
Hello?

231
00:25:39,829 --> 00:25:41,190
Hello? Yeah, go ahead.

232
00:25:41,809 --> 00:25:42,470
Ah, okay.

233
00:25:43,509 --> 00:25:44,930
Okay, you can hear me?

234
00:25:45,250 --> 00:25:46,089
Yes, we can.

235
00:25:46,490 --> 00:25:46,849
Okay.

236
00:25:48,190 --> 00:25:52,329
I got it into the class.

237
00:25:52,890 --> 00:25:54,150
Okay, now it's perfect.

238
00:25:54,730 --> 00:25:56,269
Okay, the question.

239
00:25:56,269 --> 00:26:00,970
I normally use my own car,

240
00:26:01,589 --> 00:26:04,750
and sometimes I use the electric motorbike.

241
00:26:05,470 --> 00:26:05,690
Oh.

242
00:26:06,589 --> 00:26:08,769
Is that rental or you own one?

243
00:26:09,650 --> 00:26:13,329
No, no, I rental from the Asiana.

244
00:26:13,509 --> 00:26:21,230
the name is a siona motorbike i use just one that's terrific is that like that system is

245
00:26:21,230 --> 00:26:26,650
similar to the bifid mat thing where you can just uh like get the motorbike from a rack and then

246
00:26:26,650 --> 00:26:33,069
return it to a different location or or how does that work uh you can take from one location and

247
00:26:33,069 --> 00:26:40,109
you and you live in other location and that's it and you leave it you leave it and i leave it

248
00:26:40,109 --> 00:26:49,309
yeah and i use the the busy mat too yeah the bike from the madrid okay okay terrific now those uh

249
00:26:49,309 --> 00:26:56,029
those uh motorbikes is it like the is it like the skates then that you can uh take it in uh

250
00:26:56,029 --> 00:27:00,430
somewhere in the street and then you park it elsewhere in a different street and that's how

251
00:27:00,430 --> 00:27:08,029
it works or do they use like a rack to have like 10 or 15 of those bikes of those motorbikes as

252
00:27:08,029 --> 00:27:16,509
they do with the with the busy mad bikes you rent that you rent the the motorbike and you

253
00:27:16,509 --> 00:27:25,390
and you leave it uh you pay just for the the for the minutes that you use yeah but you don't pick

254
00:27:25,390 --> 00:27:30,509
it from a specific place you don't pick it from uh from no no no no you understand rock when i

255
00:27:30,509 --> 00:27:32,170
I say rack is like this collection.

256
00:27:33,289 --> 00:27:34,130
Okay, no, no.

257
00:27:34,369 --> 00:27:37,349
Okay, you pick from somewhere else,

258
00:27:37,490 --> 00:27:39,230
somewhere place, some place.

259
00:27:40,069 --> 00:27:42,309
And you don't take any rank.

260
00:27:43,230 --> 00:27:44,849
Okay, so wherever it is parked.

261
00:27:44,930 --> 00:27:46,170
It's more like the electric cards,

262
00:27:46,309 --> 00:27:49,329
more like the CT and all those electric cards.

263
00:27:49,450 --> 00:27:50,150
Okay, very interesting.

264
00:27:51,049 --> 00:27:52,549
All right, guys, let's move on then.

265
00:27:52,950 --> 00:27:57,329
Let's try and work on this graph over here.

266
00:27:57,329 --> 00:27:58,849
Let's see if I can do that or not.

267
00:27:58,849 --> 00:28:06,569
do you all have the book with you yes yeah well let's try can you the image over here that i am

268
00:28:06,569 --> 00:28:14,170
sharing can you see it properly like can you read the numbers and all that all right or yes yes i

269
00:28:14,170 --> 00:28:19,569
can okay go ahead take a quick look uh take a quick look and then we will have a we will work

270
00:28:19,569 --> 00:28:24,950
on the questions that we have on number two okay let's take a minute on your own and see how much

271
00:28:24,950 --> 00:28:41,809
information you can get from here sorry the page what page is it's uh page number 56 56 okay thank

272
00:28:41,809 --> 00:29:05,869
you ricardo you probably see yourself recognized in the statistics you know why i'm saying that

273
00:29:05,869 --> 00:29:12,089
sorry i didn't hear you properly yeah i'm saying that you probably see yourself recognized

274
00:29:12,089 --> 00:29:19,410
in the statistics uh yeah why is that why am i saying that

275
00:29:19,410 --> 00:29:30,799
uh well concerning transportation you mean or no i mean like in the in the pie chart so we have the

276
00:29:30,799 --> 00:29:36,160
we have the the arrows here on the left hand side but on the right hand side we have a pie chart

277
00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:42,579
right yes what is the highest what is the highest percentage the highest percentage is industrials

278
00:29:42,579 --> 00:29:49,599
51 right right right but that's on the left hand side you have industrial transportation

279
00:29:49,599 --> 00:29:54,980
residential and commercial right yeah and then on the right hand side to the right of that

280
00:29:54,980 --> 00:30:01,539
we have a pie chart which is the breakdown the percentage breakdown of residential energy use

281
00:30:01,539 --> 00:30:09,099
yeah yeah yeah yeah i know this is uh the space heating this is a is uh yeah is that i told you

282
00:30:09,099 --> 00:30:18,720
before that i use a lot of uh energy uh consuming heating in the winter time yeah all right so let's

283
00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:24,819
go over the questions see what specifics they are asking over here all right so uh maite what

284
00:30:24,819 --> 00:30:35,299
about the first question so the usa are the ones using the most energy per person and uh nigeria

285
00:30:35,299 --> 00:30:43,680
is the one using the least yeah are you surprised by these statistics no to be honest hardly right

286
00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:47,680
Hardly surprised. Someone else is coming. Didi. I don't know who Didi is.

287
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:57,759
So let's welcome him or her. Okay, in a sec. Or we'll just let him or her get connected and then

288
00:30:57,759 --> 00:31:01,599
we'll just say something later. All right, so it's definitely in the US. All right, what about the

289
00:31:01,599 --> 00:31:07,680
second question? The sector. What about the sector, Beatriz? How do the different sectors compare?

290
00:31:08,660 --> 00:31:12,960
Okay, the sector, the biggest use of energy sector is the,

291
00:31:13,359 --> 00:31:17,059
are the sector the ones on the right-hand side, the space heating?

292
00:31:17,680 --> 00:31:21,400
No, those would be the energy uses.

293
00:31:21,799 --> 00:31:22,119
Okay.

294
00:31:22,539 --> 00:31:24,319
The sectors are what we have on the left-hand side.

295
00:31:24,319 --> 00:31:25,839
Okay, so industrial.

296
00:31:26,160 --> 00:31:28,380
Industrial is the biggest one?

297
00:31:29,079 --> 00:31:29,420
Definitely.

298
00:31:29,859 --> 00:31:31,299
And the small, the commercial.

299
00:31:32,259 --> 00:31:34,400
So if you come to think of it,

300
00:31:34,400 --> 00:31:36,019
just the industrial

301
00:31:36,019 --> 00:31:38,240
is as much as

302
00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:39,099
all the other

303
00:31:39,099 --> 00:31:42,160
sectors combined

304
00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:44,319
yes because of

305
00:31:44,319 --> 00:31:46,180
the factories and all the processes

306
00:31:46,180 --> 00:31:46,859
involved

307
00:31:46,859 --> 00:31:50,480
well in my business in fashion

308
00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:51,680
there is the laundries

309
00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:54,000
and the units

310
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:55,819
stitching units so yes

311
00:31:55,819 --> 00:31:57,319
a lot of energy

312
00:31:57,319 --> 00:31:59,480
Didi

313
00:31:59,480 --> 00:32:02,039
let's greet him or her now

314
00:32:02,039 --> 00:32:03,079
Didi are you there?

315
00:32:04,400 --> 00:32:11,920
Didi is there, but his or her microphone is mute. Hello? No? All right. Maybe

316
00:32:11,920 --> 00:32:18,440
Didi is gonna be Diana probably. I don't know. But we'll see in a minute if she

317
00:32:18,440 --> 00:32:23,640
comes on. So question number three is asking the three largest uses of energy

318
00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:27,680
in a home and we already discussed space heating, right? Number one. And then

319
00:32:27,680 --> 00:32:32,720
there's a tide. There's a tide. Do you understand a tide? There's a tide between

320
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:41,539
water heating and space cooling okay I don't know if I'm not sure if I see the

321
00:32:41,539 --> 00:32:45,420
difference between space cooling and refrigeration what would be the

322
00:32:45,420 --> 00:32:51,539
difference here can anyone tell me Mariano for example what would be the

323
00:32:51,539 --> 00:32:57,859
difference between these two categories well I know probably I know it's related

324
00:32:57,859 --> 00:33:04,819
to fridgeters to refrigerators are probably yeah they say it's they consume too much energy

325
00:33:04,819 --> 00:33:12,059
normally and space cooling probably related to air conditioning something like that no i would

326
00:33:12,059 --> 00:33:18,960
say that must be it but then this is kind of uh this is kind of um confusing i would say because

327
00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:20,819
when you look into appliances

328
00:33:20,819 --> 00:33:25,519
I would expect

329
00:33:25,519 --> 00:33:27,420
the refrigerator to be also included

330
00:33:27,420 --> 00:33:28,500
in appliances

331
00:33:28,500 --> 00:33:31,740
probably because

332
00:33:31,740 --> 00:33:32,920
it's relevant

333
00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:35,660
because the difference is too much

334
00:33:35,660 --> 00:33:37,779
but I would assume

335
00:33:37,779 --> 00:33:39,880
a refrigerator is an appliance

336
00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:41,960
yeah but you say

337
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:43,819
it's significant enough to have a separate

338
00:33:43,819 --> 00:33:45,299
category right? that would be it

339
00:33:45,299 --> 00:33:46,000
probably

340
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:48,619
alright and

341
00:33:48,619 --> 00:33:53,700
And, yeah, and the last question is about computers and electronics, right?

342
00:33:53,799 --> 00:33:57,839
How much of the appliances and electronics, which is 9% each.

343
00:33:58,319 --> 00:34:01,299
Would you be surprised that your computers and all that kind of stuff

344
00:34:01,299 --> 00:34:07,099
adds up to 9% of what you consume at home?

345
00:34:07,680 --> 00:34:09,159
It seems a little bit too much to me.

346
00:34:09,480 --> 00:34:10,320
Yes, I am surprised.

347
00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:17,059
I didn't think before that the use of the computers is 9% of the total energy

348
00:34:17,059 --> 00:34:18,139
that we spend, right?

349
00:34:18,619 --> 00:34:38,320
I thought it would be like too much. Also, I would pay attention to the dates of the figures. It says figures are for 2011. So these stats are like nine years old. So maybe, you know, like consumption of different equipments or different kinds of equipment have changed with time.

350
00:34:38,320 --> 00:34:45,139
all right so let's go ahead and we're going to try the listening exercise i'm going to try the

351
00:34:45,139 --> 00:34:49,719
listening exercise this was not working before when i was just with my tea in the room but uh

352
00:34:49,719 --> 00:34:55,880
it's pretty working now okay so let's go ahead and try uh which is exercise number three here

353
00:34:55,880 --> 00:35:02,539
let's have a look at the questions now listen to an energy expert speaking about the statistics

354
00:35:02,539 --> 00:35:07,119
and the different reasons for the level of energy consumption

355
00:35:07,119 --> 00:35:10,440
in the USA, transport being a big issue,

356
00:35:11,539 --> 00:35:14,039
and people not doing more to save energy in their homes.

357
00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:15,480
All right, let's go ahead and listen.

358
00:35:20,269 --> 00:35:22,610
I will play it and then stop it.

359
00:35:23,170 --> 00:35:25,269
Then I'll ask you if you could actually listen.

360
00:35:25,590 --> 00:35:27,150
And if you could, we'll play it again, okay?

361
00:35:27,170 --> 00:35:29,469
I just want to make sure that I'm not going to go through

362
00:35:29,469 --> 00:35:32,230
the whole audio without you listening to anything, all right?

363
00:35:38,269 --> 00:35:39,550
Could you listen, guys?

364
00:35:42,280 --> 00:35:42,519
No?

365
00:35:42,780 --> 00:35:43,000
No.

366
00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:47,179
Okay, so you see, it was a good thing that I tested.

367
00:35:48,219 --> 00:35:51,340
All right, let me try one more time.

368
00:35:52,519 --> 00:35:54,679
Track 18, Grammar.

369
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:55,880
Now I can listen.

370
00:35:55,880 --> 00:35:57,659
Now you can listen, terrific.

371
00:35:57,659 --> 00:36:05,239
Okay, so it seems that I have to come over and share the computer sound every time I want to.

372
00:36:06,079 --> 00:36:09,679
Hello, Diana, welcome in.

373
00:36:10,699 --> 00:36:12,800
Terrific, come on, say something.

374
00:36:15,599 --> 00:36:17,860
We cannot hear you, okay?

375
00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:20,119
No, we cannot hear you.

376
00:36:20,900 --> 00:36:22,519
Yeah, we'll let you work it out.

377
00:36:22,739 --> 00:36:24,900
Probably your microphone is not set or something.

378
00:36:25,519 --> 00:36:29,199
I'm going to play the audio, and then we'll give you some time to figure it out, okay?

379
00:36:29,820 --> 00:36:30,980
But we can see you now.

380
00:36:31,619 --> 00:36:33,280
All right, let's go ahead and focus on the questions.

381
00:36:34,280 --> 00:36:35,179
This is fun.

382
00:36:37,099 --> 00:36:39,179
Track 18, Grammar.

383
00:36:39,900 --> 00:36:44,219
The disparity in energy use between different countries is linked, of course,

384
00:36:44,219 --> 00:36:46,460
to their level of economic development,

385
00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:48,860
but that's not the only factor.

386
00:36:49,559 --> 00:36:53,420
Both Germany and the USA are highly industrialized nations,

387
00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:55,559
but in the United States,

388
00:36:55,559 --> 00:36:59,619
much more energy is being consumed by each person.

389
00:37:00,579 --> 00:37:03,519
In part, that's because it's a bigger country,

390
00:37:03,659 --> 00:37:04,920
so people travel more,

391
00:37:05,159 --> 00:37:07,099
but it's also down to attitudes.

392
00:37:08,500 --> 00:37:11,840
American energy consumption could easily be reduced

393
00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:15,019
if greater priority was given to energy efficiency.

394
00:37:16,019 --> 00:37:19,980
Actually, I'm confident that efforts will be made in this direction,

395
00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:22,360
particularly by industry.

396
00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:26,920
Cleaner fuels, cleaner industrial processes, and so on,

397
00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:30,400
because the evidence for climate change is now so strong.

398
00:37:31,460 --> 00:37:35,360
The big question is, will developing countries do the same?

399
00:37:36,360 --> 00:37:37,840
Transport's a big issue.

400
00:37:38,239 --> 00:37:39,679
Air travel in particular.

401
00:37:39,679 --> 00:37:43,739
People in developing countries have been restricted by the cost up to now,

402
00:37:44,099 --> 00:37:50,980
but as they get richer and air travel becomes cheaper, its impact on energy consumption is bound to grow.

403
00:37:51,800 --> 00:37:58,659
The statistics for energy use in the home show that the main area which needs to be addressed is heating and cooling.

404
00:37:59,599 --> 00:38:02,320
The solution is relatively cheap and simple.

405
00:38:02,780 --> 00:38:05,800
It just means homes being insulated properly.

406
00:38:05,800 --> 00:38:13,260
People complain about their energy bills, but it's pretty clear to me at any rate that energy is still too cheap.

407
00:38:13,900 --> 00:38:21,579
Otherwise, people would do something about reducing them, instead of leaving lights on at home and driving gas-guzzling cars.

408
00:38:38,969 --> 00:38:46,250
Okay, so guys I'm gonna again break you into smaller groups so that you can discuss these questions over here

409
00:38:46,250 --> 00:38:51,909
Okay, the three questions that we have here about the energy of consumption in the US

410
00:38:52,489 --> 00:38:56,369
About transport being a big issue in the future and people not doing enough

411
00:38:56,369 --> 00:39:02,650
Okay, so I'm gonna break you into two groups and do that and then we'll come back together

412
00:39:03,210 --> 00:39:04,849
in a minute

413
00:39:04,849 --> 00:39:06,849
Let's see

414
00:39:08,969 --> 00:39:23,530
There we go. So you will have a message over here now asking you to join a smaller group.

415
00:39:24,150 --> 00:39:28,909
Go ahead and join. That's it. And then I'll give you a couple of minutes.

416
00:39:29,710 --> 00:39:36,849
Yay. Terrific. Terrific. Go for it. That's it.

417
00:39:38,349 --> 00:39:43,050
OK, so I'm going to go drink some water. I know you cannot listen to me, but still being recorded.

418
00:39:43,050 --> 00:44:20,510
it so that's why oh somebody was surprised to be taken back to the main

419
00:44:20,510 --> 00:44:29,710
room or what okay all right okay that's it I think we are all back here yes we

420
00:44:29,710 --> 00:44:34,909
are all right so uh yeah let's go ahead and

421
00:44:34,909 --> 00:44:41,989
let me see something over here okay all right so I was saying it's uh let's go

422
00:44:41,989 --> 00:44:49,550
ahead what's your what's your opinion about the first the first question over

423
00:44:49,550 --> 00:44:56,090
here okay yeah what are the reasons he gives for this Diana go ahead just came

424
00:44:56,090 --> 00:45:00,230
in but you could hear that to the listen you can listen to the exercise right now

425
00:45:00,230 --> 00:45:05,929
but you've been discussing about it okay oh but you don't have a microphone is

426
00:45:05,929 --> 00:45:11,670
deal all right so we'll we'll just let you like listening okay and for next day

427
00:45:11,670 --> 00:45:21,250
we'll try to she's cracking her ass okay good so we'll we'll just have you as a listener so let's

428
00:45:21,250 --> 00:45:26,630
see uh your name what about the first question what are the reasons that she gives about why

429
00:45:26,630 --> 00:45:33,949
the level of energy consumption in the u.s is so high it it says because it's a bigger country

430
00:45:33,949 --> 00:45:45,170
and people travels more and also because the attitudes are not proper okay so

431
00:45:45,170 --> 00:45:51,570
they are not very typically speaking they are not so yeah so aware or so

432
00:45:51,570 --> 00:45:56,630
properly as to energy consumption and so on right yeah I think that makes sense

433
00:45:56,630 --> 00:46:01,309
do you find that to be reasonable you think that is that does this fit with

434
00:46:01,309 --> 00:46:17,269
your preconception yes well not not for everybody but for the most yeah also not

435
00:46:17,269 --> 00:46:21,869
just a preconception but some things are like facts it's a big country right yeah

436
00:46:21,869 --> 00:46:27,170
that's real yeah and also it's very interconnected like people from New York

437
00:46:27,170 --> 00:46:34,349
York maybe wanting to you know like travel quite frequently it's not the same thing as for example

438
00:46:34,349 --> 00:46:40,869
uh people from Finland traveling to Spain well that happens but it's not the interconnection

439
00:46:40,869 --> 00:46:48,309
is not as big as New York LA for example right so I think that makes sense so second question

440
00:46:48,309 --> 00:46:53,690
we've got here is transport why would that be a big issue in the future Paloma did you get that

441
00:46:53,690 --> 00:46:55,690
No, sorry, I was late.

442
00:46:55,690 --> 00:46:58,690
You could not leave, you were not in, right, when we were doing that?

443
00:46:58,690 --> 00:47:02,690
So let's go back to the beginning. Beatriz, what about that?

444
00:47:02,690 --> 00:47:07,690
What about the second question? Why is transport going to be so important?

445
00:47:07,690 --> 00:47:12,690
Well, in developing countries the air travel becomes cheaper

446
00:47:12,690 --> 00:47:18,690
and people usually are fond of travelling by plane.

447
00:47:18,690 --> 00:47:25,730
and this is one of the reasons they mention that's it that's i think that's the main reason

448
00:47:25,730 --> 00:47:31,969
to mention uh now if we can think about this for a second we were talking about cars before right

449
00:47:31,969 --> 00:47:37,429
and not using the car so much and so on and you could find alternatives like you could like

450
00:47:37,429 --> 00:47:44,630
walk to work sometimes or use your your motorbikes or whatever but what about air travel is there an

451
00:47:44,630 --> 00:47:55,519
alternative to air travel will you thank anyone guys is there a reasonable alternative to air

452
00:47:55,519 --> 00:48:03,039
travel but but what do you mean i don't understand the question i don't uh what i mean is that like

453
00:48:03,039 --> 00:48:09,119
for example or we were just discussing a few minutes ago that uh we actually have alternatives

454
00:48:09,119 --> 00:48:17,059
to traveling by car because most of the times it's like short range uh trips like commuting to work

455
00:48:17,059 --> 00:48:23,059
or going to here and there and we have for example public transport alternatives so you can take the

456
00:48:23,059 --> 00:48:30,019
underground or you can take an electric motorbike like caesar and so on right so there are alternatives

457
00:48:30,019 --> 00:48:34,980
but what about air travel are there so many alternatives to travel or if you need to go to

458
00:48:34,980 --> 00:48:42,980
new york i mean anything else yeah in spain to go to barcelona you can decide by plane or by train

459
00:48:42,980 --> 00:48:46,699
in near distances

460
00:48:46,699 --> 00:48:47,920
but

461
00:48:47,920 --> 00:48:49,920
I don't know if

462
00:48:49,920 --> 00:48:52,239
maybe helicopter or maybe

463
00:48:52,239 --> 00:48:53,800
in future drones

464
00:48:53,800 --> 00:48:55,820
for shorter distances

465
00:48:55,820 --> 00:48:58,340
but for longer distances

466
00:48:58,340 --> 00:49:01,000
I don't know

467
00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:01,760
I was thinking

468
00:49:01,760 --> 00:49:02,980
certainly seems not

469
00:49:02,980 --> 00:49:05,619
possible, feasible in a way

470
00:49:05,619 --> 00:49:07,639
you know this Swedish teenager

471
00:49:07,639 --> 00:49:09,960
Thunberg, you know trying to

472
00:49:09,960 --> 00:49:11,679
sail from New York to

473
00:49:11,679 --> 00:49:19,920
portugal i don't think this could i don't satisfy the demands of people in general so i let you

474
00:49:19,920 --> 00:49:28,400
want to stay here did she finally get to use a donkey to come from from the south or was that

475
00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:35,679
like a whatsapp kind of joke that just went around that she was going to use a donkey to go from

476
00:49:35,679 --> 00:49:42,579
andalucia over to madrid to come over here was that fake i never i never i just saw that like

477
00:49:42,579 --> 00:49:48,219
very quickly i don't think that was really real probably they were pondering about that i think

478
00:49:48,219 --> 00:49:54,400
in the end she went from extremadura on an electric car or something like that and finally

479
00:49:54,400 --> 00:50:02,440
she managed to get to madrid okay but it's a bit easier okay i see uh i was thinking while you were

480
00:50:02,440 --> 00:50:09,179
thinking that maybe the since there is not like a clear alternative to air travel maybe we have to

481
00:50:09,179 --> 00:50:16,480
look into ways of traveling less of having less and lesser need to travel like what we are doing

482
00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:25,480
today okay like Beatriz is not driving to town today because she's uh like uh just connected

483
00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:31,480
and so on so uh I guess that as we develop technologies that bring us together we will

484
00:50:31,480 --> 00:50:38,260
need to travel less as well not maybe an important factor okay and then the last question we have is

485
00:50:38,260 --> 00:50:44,139
people not doing more to save their energy at home at home so why would that be make there

486
00:50:44,139 --> 00:50:53,099
what are some reasons for this so as per the audio uh it says like the energy is too

487
00:50:53,099 --> 00:51:01,860
cheap and simple so we don't care about reducing our energy bills would you

488
00:51:01,860 --> 00:51:12,309
agree with that no no not at all it's not so cheaper here in Spain right there

489
00:51:12,309 --> 00:51:20,989
are some other countries that they have a relatively cheaper energy and yeah it's

490
00:51:20,989 --> 00:51:30,590
it's um yeah for sure energy could be easily used and uh it's not um it doesn't make us to make a

491
00:51:30,590 --> 00:51:39,090
major um effort right to use or to consume that but yeah we have no other alternative right

492
00:51:39,090 --> 00:51:43,809
as for now okay we don't have an alternative probably i guess not

493
00:51:43,809 --> 00:51:49,670
they were saying this this got this girl she was talking about the u.s right she was supposed to

494
00:51:49,670 --> 00:51:57,269
talking mainly about the u.s right and i remember when i first uh rented my own place over there

495
00:51:57,269 --> 00:52:02,710
because when i lived in in la i lived in university so i didn't i was not concerned

496
00:52:02,710 --> 00:52:08,650
with electricity bills or utilities bills and so on but when i first rented my own place that was

497
00:52:08,650 --> 00:52:16,610
in in dallas in texas and i remember my first electricity bill over there for one month you

498
00:52:16,610 --> 00:52:22,849
know how much it was and this was like 10 years ago or like yeah like 12 years ago

499
00:52:22,849 --> 00:52:32,690
you can't imagine 400 400 and that's because of of air conditioning that was it it was the

500
00:52:32,690 --> 00:52:42,949
air conditioning unit okay i experienced it too i live in in pandal it's a mojave desert

501
00:52:42,949 --> 00:52:51,170
you can't imagine how heat is over there and yes the bill was so expensive completely so that's why

502
00:52:51,170 --> 00:52:56,309
i'm saying that i don't quite agree with this that she's saying about the bill not being high enough

503
00:52:56,309 --> 00:53:03,869
to not being expensive expensive enough to to to deter people from from uh you know from consuming

504
00:53:03,869 --> 00:53:11,489
energy okay like 400 a month for air conditioning it's you know i mean it's air conditioning right

505
00:53:11,489 --> 00:53:16,929
but still it's like a basic need if you are like in the mojave close to the mojave or if you are

506
00:53:16,929 --> 00:53:24,889
in texas with 120 uh fahrenheit or something like that so it's not it was not like flexible

507
00:53:24,889 --> 00:53:30,690
all right guys let's have a quick look into the into the language jose luis uh sorry but leaving

508
00:53:30,690 --> 00:53:36,449
us i have to i'm very sorry because i didn't know about this meeting and i have to go don't you

509
00:53:36,449 --> 00:53:42,789
but will we be having these meetings next week on a weekly basis yes okay and then

510
00:53:42,789 --> 00:53:50,989
elena is asking me through the whatsapp group if this will be recorded it is being recorded uh

511
00:53:50,989 --> 00:53:59,369
i don't know if if this will or not be available because you know the system is new and i'm not

512
00:53:59,369 --> 00:54:05,269
sure whether we can do this or not or it's yeah you will receive a mail with the link of the

513
00:54:05,269 --> 00:54:12,730
yeah once you get this uh complete yeah okay you know my this our expert because she's actually

514
00:54:12,730 --> 00:54:20,469
been using zoom for work for quite some time already okay so sorry sorry about this but

515
00:54:20,469 --> 00:54:28,630
sorry okay don't you worry i mean i am bye bye bye bye bye i'm very glad though that we had the

516
00:54:28,630 --> 00:54:34,929
because i know it was everything was like uh a very very last minute right like i sent you an

517
00:54:34,929 --> 00:54:40,090
made like uh 20 past six or something like that but we were not sure that this could be working

518
00:54:40,090 --> 00:54:48,289
so we have to activate the licenses and get all this going and and as you can imagine these last

519
00:54:48,289 --> 00:54:54,730
two days at the school they've been a little bit crazy you know because we we have some uh

520
00:54:54,730 --> 00:55:00,869
i'm trying to interpret uh the meaning of uh of this diana is making i don't know what it means

521
00:55:00,869 --> 00:55:07,090
like going crazy going crazy or something like that you know there is a chat so you can't write

522
00:55:07,090 --> 00:55:13,250
something over there if you want all right maybe that probably means like i have fingers and i can

523
00:55:13,250 --> 00:55:20,730
type but yeah uh or maybe that means that she's typing and i am not checking the chat

524
00:55:20,730 --> 00:55:29,489
that's it okay uh i don't know if i can actually can you guys oh here it is i can see oh there it

525
00:55:29,489 --> 00:55:35,750
is okay all right like she was doing that yes yes it was i'm not used to controlling this

526
00:55:35,750 --> 00:55:39,150
i can hear everyone but kind of find the reason why my microphone is not working

527
00:55:39,150 --> 00:55:45,449
i don't know how to help privacy oh you were all reading the chat it was only me who was not

528
00:55:45,449 --> 00:55:51,909
reading the chat now i feel stupid okay well you you'll figure out it's been crazy all over

529
00:55:51,909 --> 00:55:58,570
yes definitely so it's been it's been crazy like uh particularly i've been trying to organize the

530
00:55:58,570 --> 00:56:05,309
the job of 120 something teachers and see how they could all do some kind of online activity

531
00:56:05,309 --> 00:56:12,690
because as you may fear most teachers at the school are not quite ready to do this that we

532
00:56:12,690 --> 00:56:19,489
are doing now even if it's not that complex which i think is not that complex but sometimes you know

533
00:56:19,489 --> 00:56:26,909
like people don't have this tendency to use the technologies and so on so so it's been it's been

534
00:56:26,909 --> 00:56:34,230
it's been demanding it's been demanding to try to help them to do this i'm very happy though that

535
00:56:34,230 --> 00:56:39,570
there is like some 30 something of them who actually volunteer to uh to try to do the lessons

536
00:56:39,570 --> 00:56:45,530
with zoom like what we're doing now some of them are more reluctant but you know it's a ongoing

537
00:56:45,530 --> 00:56:52,809
process i guess so i talk too much sorry i talk too much let's go ahead and um and let's work on

538
00:56:52,809 --> 00:56:57,969
these sentences which is what we have on page four okay basically they're asking you to reflect

539
00:56:57,969 --> 00:57:02,570
on the grammar and see how the different passive tenses are being used okay let's have a couple

540
00:57:02,570 --> 00:57:08,949
minutes okay would you like to work in pairs so i break you into uh breakout rooms to work on

541
00:57:08,949 --> 00:57:16,730
this exercise oh well diana can't not but i can always well let's i'll just give you a couple

542
00:57:16,730 --> 01:00:12,139
minutes on your own okay and then we'll go ahead and discuss it so we check guys it's not too

543
01:00:12,139 --> 01:00:21,400
difficult is it so let's have a quick round um uh what about the first one um what about the

544
01:00:21,400 --> 01:00:28,219
first one ricardo could you read it to us and tell us what tense it is yes i can hear you uh

545
01:00:28,219 --> 01:00:36,179
the first one is uh it's in present simple that's it present simple passive okay yeah so

546
01:00:36,179 --> 01:00:40,619
different countries is the use between different countries is linked to the level of economic

547
01:00:40,619 --> 01:00:42,139
Okay, so present simple.

548
01:00:42,579 --> 01:00:43,739
What about the second one?

549
01:00:44,139 --> 01:00:47,659
Mariana cannot read, so we'll skip to you, okay?

550
01:00:47,940 --> 01:00:49,019
Anita, what about number two?

551
01:00:51,300 --> 01:00:53,239
It's present continuous.

552
01:00:53,659 --> 01:00:56,820
It's present continuous, passive present continuous, okay?

553
01:00:57,300 --> 01:00:58,599
Then number three, Mariana?

554
01:01:00,059 --> 01:01:01,579
Okay, it could be reduced.

555
01:01:02,219 --> 01:01:05,260
It's like a modal verb.

556
01:01:05,619 --> 01:01:06,119
That's it.

557
01:01:06,320 --> 01:01:07,019
An hypothesis.

558
01:01:07,920 --> 01:01:08,280
Okay.

559
01:01:09,619 --> 01:01:10,159
It's a modal.

560
01:01:10,159 --> 01:01:11,559
It's a modal, yes.

561
01:01:11,559 --> 01:01:14,420
and then the second part

562
01:01:14,420 --> 01:01:16,380
is greater priority was given

563
01:01:16,380 --> 01:01:17,280
was given

564
01:01:17,280 --> 01:01:19,579
it's in the past simple

565
01:01:19,579 --> 01:01:22,579
so just to make the hypothesis

566
01:01:22,579 --> 01:01:25,239
on the

567
01:01:25,239 --> 01:01:28,099
second case I think

568
01:01:28,099 --> 01:01:29,679
it's the past simple

569
01:01:29,679 --> 01:01:32,599
so the point

570
01:01:32,599 --> 01:01:34,659
here if you notice what we've seen so far

571
01:01:34,659 --> 01:01:36,360
is that you can have the passive in the simple

572
01:01:36,360 --> 01:01:38,519
present, in the present continuous, in the

573
01:01:38,519 --> 01:01:40,480
past simple, if we move on

574
01:01:40,480 --> 01:01:46,679
to the next one people in developing countries have been restricted which one is that your name

575
01:01:46,679 --> 01:01:55,210
which sense is that i escaped one i escaped number four i'm confident that effort will be made which

576
01:01:55,210 --> 01:02:01,369
is just the future with will right so it's the future simple passive and then number five

577
01:02:01,369 --> 01:02:09,429
are you there your name which sense is that yeah actually i don't know all right good so people in

578
01:02:09,429 --> 01:02:13,809
developing countries have been restricted is that a simple or a perfect

579
01:02:13,809 --> 01:02:22,210
tense that's a perfect tense so it's a present perfect passive okay because I

580
01:02:22,210 --> 01:02:28,929
have restricted I have restricted that would be the present perfect active okay

581
01:02:28,929 --> 01:02:36,750
but being restricted that is the present perfect passive okay okay and then the

582
01:02:36,750 --> 01:02:40,710
main area which needs to be addressed is heating and cooling. That's probably the

583
01:02:40,710 --> 01:02:46,070
most interesting because that's the one which you are maybe less used to. This is

584
01:02:46,070 --> 01:02:53,429
a what? It's a passive infinitive. That's it, okay? The main area which needs to be

585
01:02:53,429 --> 01:02:59,670
addressed is heating and cooling. The results are to be found in this book,

586
01:02:59,670 --> 01:03:05,170
the whatever, okay? So it's a passive infinitive. We are less used to

587
01:03:05,170 --> 01:03:09,309
distance but it's very useful okay and then the last one the solution is

588
01:03:09,309 --> 01:03:16,389
relatively cheap and simple it means homes being insulated properly that is

589
01:03:16,389 --> 01:03:22,030
just the present participle passive okay the present continuous passive so the

590
01:03:22,030 --> 01:03:26,469
point of this guys is just for you to reflect for a second on how we can have

591
01:03:26,469 --> 01:03:31,030
the passive tense passive voice sorry we can have the passive voice with all

592
01:03:31,030 --> 01:03:35,329
the different tenses that's about it okay now if you look for a moment to

593
01:03:35,329 --> 01:03:40,269
question to sentence number four number four number two number four number five

594
01:03:40,269 --> 01:03:45,769
okay in number two we have in the United States much more energy is being

595
01:03:45,769 --> 01:03:50,650
consumed by each person in number four we have they will be made in this

596
01:03:50,650 --> 01:03:55,969
direction particularly by the industry only number five we have people in

597
01:03:55,969 --> 01:04:01,309
developing countries have been restricted by the cost up to now so in

598
01:04:01,309 --> 01:04:08,150
those three cases we have the agent okay in the other cases we don't okay we

599
01:04:08,150 --> 01:04:13,010
don't say who insulated something for example in sentence number seven okay we

600
01:04:13,010 --> 01:04:17,849
don't do that okay so some of sometimes the passive as you know we say who is

601
01:04:17,849 --> 01:04:23,730
the agent who is the doer sometimes we don't and why don't we well we don't say

602
01:04:23,730 --> 01:04:33,710
who the agent is why is that what do you think because everyone infers that it's the people in

603
01:04:33,710 --> 01:04:41,070
general because it's obvious okay or if it's not obvious it's maybe unknown or not important okay

604
01:04:41,070 --> 01:04:48,389
so we just don't say that nice so let's go ahead um and have a quick look on this activity over

605
01:04:48,389 --> 01:04:54,250
here is number five what they're asking you to do is to rewrite these sentences in the passive

606
01:04:54,250 --> 01:05:03,590
okay so let's have a quick go let's have a minute and and work with them work on them

607
01:05:03,590 --> 01:05:09,809
actually i'm going to break you i'm going to break you i like breaking you into smaller groups

608
01:05:09,809 --> 01:05:14,030
diana don't worry you'll be in a group with people who can actually uh speak as well okay

609
01:05:14,030 --> 01:05:32,320
so you can go one by one and um and do that there we go not not groups of two there we go

610
01:05:32,320 --> 01:05:38,719
Did you go ahead and join this small this mode session?

611
01:05:39,519 --> 01:05:42,440
You'll have three people in each group

612
01:05:45,159 --> 01:05:47,159
Terrific terrific. Yes

613
01:05:48,659 --> 01:08:02,090
Bravo

614
01:09:20,100 --> 01:09:26,199
All right, so here we are all of us back here so guys

615
01:09:28,460 --> 01:09:33,699
These are some of the answers let's go over them one by one if you have alternatives or questions we can

616
01:09:34,199 --> 01:09:45,649
discuss that again. So electricity consumption is suspected to double by 2050. Fine. Simple

617
01:09:45,649 --> 01:09:53,890
passive. I mean percent positive. 25% of the world's electricity is generated by coal power

618
01:09:53,890 --> 01:10:01,750
plants. So this is like a general statement, okay. If CO2 emissions are to be reduced, alternatives

619
01:10:01,750 --> 01:10:08,989
to fossil fuels need to be found. Perfect. And then an alternative to this sentence could be

620
01:10:08,989 --> 01:10:15,449
the following. Alternative to fossil fuels need to be found if CO2 emissions are to be reduced.

621
01:10:16,210 --> 01:10:22,550
And I know that you know that both of these are correct. My question is, how are these two

622
01:10:22,550 --> 01:10:30,229
sentences different or similar to you? Do they sound exactly the same to you, or would you see

623
01:10:30,229 --> 01:10:35,810
a slight difference over there your own thinking okay there is no right or wrong answer what do

624
01:10:35,810 --> 01:10:42,649
you think they sound exactly the same to you or is the meaning or the emphasis is slightly different

625
01:10:42,649 --> 01:10:58,029
what do you think anyone except diana who cannot talk no do they sound the same or not

626
01:10:58,029 --> 01:11:08,520
well you place the first part you enhance in a way that you just say alternatives to

627
01:11:08,520 --> 01:11:15,140
fields need to be found. The CO2 emissions have to be reduced, so it

628
01:11:15,140 --> 01:11:22,319
depends on what you want to stress. That's it. So the conclusion that you get

629
01:11:22,319 --> 01:11:27,279
from here and from what Mariana was saying is that different parts of the

630
01:11:27,279 --> 01:11:34,039
sentence have different weight. Like the first part of the sentence is what we

631
01:11:34,039 --> 01:11:39,739
call the theme and it introduces you to to what the sentence is about but then

632
01:11:39,739 --> 01:11:46,079
the second part of the sentence is actually what somehow you want to make

633
01:11:46,079 --> 01:11:52,159
more prominent so the first part is like giving you the topic the theme and the

634
01:11:52,159 --> 01:11:56,720
second part of the top of the sentence is what we call the read and typically

635
01:11:56,720 --> 01:12:00,880
in the English sentence the most important information the information

636
01:12:00,880 --> 01:12:06,399
that you want to highlight, we put it at the end. That's the most memorable part

637
01:12:06,399 --> 01:12:12,100
of the sentence in English. So, listen to me while I read the sentences and maybe

638
01:12:12,100 --> 01:12:18,399
you grasp it. Like, if CO2 emissions are to be reduced, alternatives to fossil

639
01:12:18,399 --> 01:12:23,140
fuels need to be found. Y te quedes ahí con esa idea final de que

640
01:12:23,140 --> 01:12:29,560
alternatives need to be found. Sin embargo, con la otra, alternatives to

641
01:12:29,560 --> 01:12:31,140
fossil fuels need to be found

642
01:12:31,140 --> 01:12:33,420
if CO2 emissions are to be reduced.

643
01:12:34,739 --> 01:12:35,520
Y la idea

644
01:12:35,520 --> 01:12:37,520
con la que te quedas es con

645
01:12:37,520 --> 01:12:39,640
que hay una necesidad de reducir las emisiones

646
01:12:39,640 --> 01:12:40,260
de CO2.

647
01:12:43,279 --> 01:12:44,720
Se nota cuando

648
01:12:44,720 --> 01:12:47,300
se lee, más o menos, que

649
01:12:47,300 --> 01:12:49,340
el significado es el mismo, pero

650
01:12:49,340 --> 01:12:51,119
el peso que le da a cada cosa, no.

651
01:12:51,859 --> 01:12:53,439
La primera parte, como que

652
01:12:53,439 --> 01:12:55,619
la asumes. Esa es, digamos, al principio

653
01:12:55,619 --> 01:12:57,220
pones la información compartida

654
01:12:57,220 --> 01:12:59,699
y luego hay un punto de despegue

655
01:12:59,699 --> 01:13:01,760
que es el final de la frase

656
01:13:01,760 --> 01:13:03,279
que es lo que tiene más peso

657
01:13:03,279 --> 01:13:05,359
en la sintaxis inglesa.

658
01:13:05,439 --> 01:13:07,840
Cuando tú dices, alternatives to fossil fuels

659
01:13:07,840 --> 01:13:09,859
need to be found, eso como que lo estás

660
01:13:09,859 --> 01:13:12,079
asumiendo. Esto es lo que hay que hacer,

661
01:13:12,279 --> 01:13:13,899
ta, ta, ta, ta, eso como que lo asumes,

662
01:13:14,039 --> 01:13:15,699
eso estás enunciando de qué va tu frase

663
01:13:15,699 --> 01:13:17,199
y en la segunda parte

664
01:13:17,199 --> 01:13:19,340
das la información más importante.

665
01:13:20,399 --> 01:13:21,779
No os preocupéis, don't you worry,

666
01:13:21,859 --> 01:13:23,460
because we're going to see this principle

667
01:13:23,460 --> 01:13:26,060
with many more sentences that make more sense,

668
01:13:26,060 --> 01:13:33,319
okay but it's already there so number four wind power was discovered by

669
01:13:33,319 --> 01:13:38,479
whoever first used to say a sailing boat probably around 5,000 years ago not a

670
01:13:38,479 --> 01:13:44,939
problem simple past right simple past past if a solution can be found to the

671
01:13:44,939 --> 01:13:50,359
problem effective electricity storage wind power will be more practical you

672
01:13:50,359 --> 01:13:54,500
know they are for funny almost like a starting out okay we can have the same

673
01:13:54,500 --> 01:14:00,239
thing. If a solution to the problem of electricity storage can be found, well, this is a different

674
01:14:00,239 --> 01:14:10,090
case. Wind power will be more practical. What's the change that we had over here? Okay. Es

675
01:14:10,090 --> 01:14:15,930
un caso distinto, ¿no? Aquí tenemos, if a solution can be found to the problem of electricity

676
01:14:15,930 --> 01:14:22,010
storage, comparado con, if a solution to the problem of electricity storage can be found.

677
01:14:22,010 --> 01:14:34,239
Y ahora, lo mismo que os he preguntado antes, ¿cómo son esos dos principios de frase distintos? ¿Qué ha cambiado ahí? ¿Hay alguna que os suene mejor?

678
01:14:40,380 --> 01:14:47,739
Maite me parece que se nos ha congelado. ¿Os suenan exactamente igual? ¿Las veis igual de naturales?

679
01:14:49,340 --> 01:14:53,020
Vamos a ver más ejemplos, pero fijaos en la gramática de esto.

680
01:14:53,739 --> 01:15:00,579
Si una solución puede encontrarse al problema del almacenamiento de energía, ¿no? Eso es una parte.

681
01:15:00,579 --> 01:15:08,000
Y la otra es, si una solución al problema del almacenamiento de energía puede encontrarse, traducido así como literalmente.

682
01:15:09,199 --> 01:15:16,260
Si os fijáis, solución está enlazado con to the problem of electricity storage.

683
01:15:17,199 --> 01:15:21,460
El to the problem of electricity storage se refiere a solución, ¿no?

684
01:15:22,800 --> 01:15:24,479
Es una solución a esto.

685
01:15:24,479 --> 01:15:29,699
Una solución al problema del almacenamiento existe o se puede encontrar.

686
01:15:30,579 --> 01:15:32,199
Esa es la solución que tenemos aquí.

687
01:15:32,380 --> 01:15:35,840
If a solution to the problem of electricity and storage can't be found,

688
01:15:36,939 --> 01:15:39,300
esta frase es perfecta y el complemento este,

689
01:15:39,760 --> 01:15:43,279
este complemento preposicional al problema de la electricidad,

690
01:15:43,960 --> 01:15:46,279
está pegado a solución, que es de quien depende.

691
01:15:47,319 --> 01:15:48,920
Sin embargo, ¿qué pasa con esta frase?

692
01:15:49,060 --> 01:15:49,640
Es larga.

693
01:15:50,819 --> 01:15:51,619
Do you feel it?

694
01:15:51,619 --> 01:15:53,779
¿No la sentís como que es larga?

695
01:15:54,239 --> 01:15:57,579
If a solution to the problem of electricity and storage can't be found,

696
01:15:58,039 --> 01:15:59,260
y para cuando llegas al verbo,

697
01:15:59,699 --> 01:16:05,979
Está muy al final, ya no te acuerdas de qué había, de qué, si esto era una solución o un problema o qué era.

698
01:16:06,840 --> 01:16:09,460
So, ¿qué hace la gramática inglesa en este caso?

699
01:16:10,020 --> 01:16:14,279
Te da la posibilidad de coger este complemento, este complemento de solución,

700
01:16:14,460 --> 01:16:17,420
que es solución al problema del electricity storage,

701
01:16:18,500 --> 01:16:21,220
y llevarlo al final de la frase principal.

702
01:16:21,779 --> 01:16:24,399
Para lo que es la frase principal, quede más compacta.

703
01:16:25,100 --> 01:16:27,300
Y entonces te queda, if a solution can be found,

704
01:16:27,300 --> 01:16:35,239
Y aquí tienes la conjunción, el nombre, el sujeto en este caso, solution, y el verbo, can be found.

705
01:16:36,020 --> 01:16:41,140
Y el resto de los complementos, que esto en realidad es un complemento del nombre, es qué tipo de solución, una solución a qué.

706
01:16:42,180 --> 01:16:46,100
Esto, que es muy largo, si os dais cuenta, es tan largo casi como el resto de la frase.

707
01:16:46,960 --> 01:16:50,079
Para que no despiste, se lo pueden llevar al final.

708
01:16:51,100 --> 01:16:51,380
Okay?

709
01:16:52,579 --> 01:16:54,460
It is complex, isn't it?

710
01:16:54,739 --> 01:16:55,859
It's a bit not too natural.

711
01:16:55,859 --> 01:17:02,560
I mean, if you read both sentences, I'm pretty sure that you can read both of them and both sound good to you, okay?

712
01:17:02,859 --> 01:17:03,420
Am I wrong?

713
01:17:05,760 --> 01:17:08,159
No, Diana is saying, no, no, you are not wrong, okay?

714
01:17:09,220 --> 01:17:11,340
So, that's the thing, okay?

715
01:17:12,060 --> 01:17:15,760
Vale, lo reconocemos como que ambas frases nos suenan bien, pero son diferentes.

716
01:17:16,079 --> 01:17:19,279
Entonces, nuestro propósito aquí es, ¿por qué son diferentes?

717
01:17:19,779 --> 01:17:21,239
¿Y qué tipo de recurso es este?

718
01:17:21,239 --> 01:17:23,199
porque primero lo observo

719
01:17:23,199 --> 01:17:25,220
y luego lo intento usar en mi propio lenguaje

720
01:17:25,220 --> 01:17:27,039
cuando es beneficioso para el contenido.

721
01:17:27,380 --> 01:17:28,619
We'll see more examples.

722
01:17:29,260 --> 01:17:30,819
Esto se llama end weight,

723
01:17:31,220 --> 01:17:32,300
el peso final.

724
01:17:33,720 --> 01:17:35,020
Pero lo veremos con detalle.

725
01:17:35,239 --> 01:17:35,539
Y luego,

726
01:17:37,100 --> 01:17:39,779
the last three sentences are not that important.

727
01:17:40,399 --> 01:17:41,859
A lot of energy could be saved

728
01:17:41,859 --> 01:17:43,039
if people were more careful

729
01:17:43,039 --> 01:17:44,840
about switching off lights and appliances.

730
01:17:45,279 --> 01:17:46,619
That's not necessarily straightforward.

731
01:17:47,659 --> 01:17:49,939
Energy consumption will be reduced in future

732
01:17:49,939 --> 01:17:52,239
by the use of smart appliances

733
01:17:52,239 --> 01:17:53,579
like intelligent fridges.

734
01:17:54,640 --> 01:17:59,680
I wouldn't be at all surprised

735
01:17:59,680 --> 01:18:01,199
or I wouldn't be surprised at all

736
01:18:01,199 --> 01:18:06,100
It wouldn't surprise me at all

737
01:18:06,100 --> 01:18:08,319
if all these issues were still being discussed

738
01:18:08,319 --> 01:18:10,399
in 30 years' time.

739
01:18:11,159 --> 01:18:13,340
Did you notice the apostrophe in the S?

740
01:18:13,340 --> 01:18:16,479
In 30 years' time with the apostrophe again.

741
01:18:17,399 --> 01:18:18,640
That's an interesting thing.

742
01:18:18,640 --> 01:18:27,460
So, guys, basically what we've seen here is that you can have different, you can move things around the sentence a little bit to different purposes, okay?

743
01:18:28,300 --> 01:18:32,300
This, let me change the window that I am sharing.

744
01:18:35,180 --> 01:18:35,979
What's this?

745
01:18:42,140 --> 01:18:47,680
Can you see my, can you see the online blackboard now?

746
01:18:48,279 --> 01:18:48,600
Yes.

747
01:18:48,600 --> 01:19:01,899
okay so basically uh what we've seen is uh in focus and weight there is uh this principle over

748
01:19:01,899 --> 01:19:07,140
here okay there's this principle over here i'm not going to explain this now because it's heavy

749
01:19:07,140 --> 01:19:12,579
and we are at the end of the lesson and you know this lesson is not like the standard that we would

750
01:19:12,579 --> 01:19:19,180
have so there is an overhead and so on but i'm gonna leave the links over here okay so if you

751
01:19:19,180 --> 01:19:25,460
want to go ahead and read them through for next day next day i will be explaining this about n

752
01:19:25,460 --> 01:19:35,739
weight and and all that all right happy and and i think we're gonna i think we're gonna finish

753
01:19:35,739 --> 01:19:42,220
i think we're gonna finish over here okay are you are you tired is this more demanding than

754
01:19:42,220 --> 01:19:47,220
a regular classroom or pretty much the same what are your feelings about this about the online

755
01:19:47,220 --> 01:19:54,720
experience thing no it's great for me so it doesn't feel because some people were telling me

756
01:19:54,720 --> 01:20:01,220
that some teachers were telling me that having a a regular lesson online for the same length

757
01:20:01,220 --> 01:20:06,000
they were telling me that it's more demanding that you know like like you need more energy or

758
01:20:06,000 --> 01:20:11,800
you get tired more easily i don't know if you will share this or because we did a very long lesson

759
01:20:11,800 --> 01:20:19,920
okay we well some of you joined uh progressively but uh you were here from the beginning did it

760
01:20:19,920 --> 01:20:26,960
did it feel like longer than it should or length is all right or what would be your impression no

761
01:20:26,960 --> 01:20:33,340
i think that it's all right i mean yeah it doesn't feel very different from and guys the rest of you

762
01:20:33,340 --> 01:20:38,119
it doesn't feel very different from meeting class right or does it oh it's okay it's a good

763
01:20:38,119 --> 01:20:44,119
experience we'll have to do it next week i'm afraid maybe maybe in some other weeks as well

764
01:20:44,119 --> 01:20:48,840
but so it doesn't feel too long we can we can stick to the regular length of class and it's

765
01:20:48,840 --> 01:20:54,079
okay right is that that's the conclusion that yeah it's fair enough but it's demanding at the

766
01:20:54,079 --> 01:20:59,720
same time it is demanding but it is still it's the focus you have to focus too much

767
01:20:59,720 --> 01:21:05,739
i have the feeling that i've been more concentrated than in the in the regular classes

768
01:21:05,739 --> 01:21:13,579
well that that can also happen because i guess it's you with the machine and then you have to

769
01:21:13,579 --> 01:21:18,300
be like over there so maybe there's a difference oh diana is saying they are saying all my classes

770
01:21:18,300 --> 01:21:23,600
are fine as long as i manage to fix the microphone i feel this good but i mean like yeah i can see

771
01:21:23,600 --> 01:21:27,500
that and also diana we want to listen to your voice we want to hear your voice again

772
01:21:27,500 --> 01:21:31,819
interaction is a bit difficult if you have to type is difficult but guys the rest of you

773
01:21:31,819 --> 01:21:37,140
did you feel that interaction was difficult that we were like stepping on each other or

774
01:21:37,140 --> 01:21:46,640
or did it feel natural it was fine fine terrific terrific okay it's been like eight of us at the

775
01:21:46,640 --> 01:21:51,399
most when we were all online eight or nine depending on the moment we'll see next day

776
01:21:51,399 --> 01:21:58,319
if more people get in um how this works with like 12 or 15 people we'll see but i think it

777
01:21:58,319 --> 01:22:06,699
can't work i think it should work just the same all righty so um i'll try to uh we'll do the

778
01:22:06,699 --> 01:22:10,779
same thing the plan is that we will have the same thing next week since we are not allowed to to

779
01:22:10,779 --> 01:22:22,460
have online um to have um face-to-face lessons yet okay um now in the blackboard uh i'm gonna

780
01:22:22,460 --> 01:22:29,100
adjust this okay because we didn't do it so don't mind don't mind these exercises don't mind the

781
01:22:29,100 --> 01:22:35,079
exercises read this if you want read the top part if you want but don't mind the homework part bit

782
01:22:35,079 --> 01:22:44,279
uh but you can do this this part you can do okay this part over here the beginnings and endings

783
01:22:44,279 --> 01:22:50,619
you you you kind of start to do that one all right so let's let's have that as homework for next day

784
01:22:50,619 --> 01:22:56,140
and then the heavier grammar things, we will review next day. Is that clear?

785
01:22:56,140 --> 01:22:59,199
For the next day, just the second one.

786
01:22:59,199 --> 01:23:05,920
Just the second, yeah. I will remove this from here, okay? I will remove this from here,

787
01:23:05,920 --> 01:23:13,840
so it doesn't confuse you. There. And this bit, we won't do it either. Now,

788
01:23:13,840 --> 01:23:18,819
the interesting, not interesting thing, but the thing here is that next day,

789
01:23:18,819 --> 01:23:26,420
we have quite a few important grammar things to do review so let's see if you

790
01:23:26,420 --> 01:23:35,510
can hold on well I can do I can fix this you don't need to be in class what I

791
01:23:35,510 --> 01:23:41,670
think I can fix it I can let you go and I can fix this later okay all right

792
01:23:41,670 --> 01:23:48,130
that should be it all right guys so yeah so I'll see you next day and if there's

793
01:23:48,130 --> 01:23:50,109
any news or anything I'll just email you

794
01:23:50,109 --> 01:23:52,109
hopefully with some more extra time

795
01:23:52,109 --> 01:23:54,130
than today but thank you so much

796
01:23:54,130 --> 01:23:55,510
for making an effort

797
01:23:55,510 --> 01:23:56,970
my pleasure

798
01:23:56,970 --> 01:23:59,130
thank you

799
01:23:59,130 --> 01:24:01,109
very nice, thank you

800
01:24:01,109 --> 01:24:02,149
thank you

801
01:24:02,149 --> 01:24:06,430
see you next day, bye bye

802
01:24:06,430 --> 01:24:06,710
bye

803
01:24:06,710 --> 01:24:08,710
have a nice day, bye

804
01:24:08,710 --> 01:24:10,149
bye all

805
01:24:10,149 --> 01:24:10,869
bye

806
01:24:10,869 --> 01:24:13,250
okay

807
01:24:13,250 --> 01:24:15,930
so I click over here

808
01:24:15,930 --> 01:24:16,789
and that's it