1 00:00:00,820 --> 00:00:01,820 Good morning. 2 00:00:03,319 --> 00:00:06,519 Okay, I'm going to read Unit 5 with you 3 00:00:06,519 --> 00:00:10,560 because I told you yesterday 4 00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:12,779 that we are going to use this unit 5 00:00:12,779 --> 00:00:14,980 as an introduction for Unit 6, 6 00:00:15,500 --> 00:00:18,239 in which we are going to talk more in depth 7 00:00:18,239 --> 00:00:20,480 about historical periods. 8 00:00:20,820 --> 00:00:23,199 But I find this unit very interesting 9 00:00:23,199 --> 00:00:26,920 to introduce some concepts. 10 00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:29,500 Have you ever gone to a museum? 11 00:00:29,500 --> 00:00:31,879 and what about to a history museum? 12 00:00:32,439 --> 00:00:34,039 They are really interesting. 13 00:00:34,539 --> 00:00:36,799 You can learn a lot of things about the past. 14 00:00:37,420 --> 00:00:39,899 Learning about the past is what helps us 15 00:00:39,899 --> 00:00:41,560 to be the people we are right now. 16 00:00:42,299 --> 00:00:43,719 So this is evolution, 17 00:00:44,020 --> 00:00:46,880 the way things and people change through the times. 18 00:00:47,799 --> 00:00:51,079 So there are many people, as you can see in your book, 19 00:00:51,079 --> 00:00:55,859 many people that study the past in different ways. 20 00:00:56,799 --> 00:00:59,119 Here you have the archaeologists, 21 00:00:59,500 --> 00:01:04,239 that study the artefacts to learn about the past, 22 00:01:04,239 --> 00:01:09,239 artefacts that they find in excavations, 23 00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:14,019 as in caves, following a very careful method. 24 00:01:14,019 --> 00:01:16,819 Here you have the different stages 25 00:01:16,819 --> 00:01:19,599 or the different steps they follow 26 00:01:19,599 --> 00:01:23,219 to make their discoverings. 27 00:01:24,540 --> 00:01:27,359 And it takes them a lot of time to find, 28 00:01:27,359 --> 00:01:31,359 to classify and to study those important discoveries, 29 00:01:31,359 --> 00:01:33,459 that important information. 30 00:01:34,620 --> 00:01:37,680 Paleontologists, they also study the past, 31 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:39,219 but through fossils. 32 00:01:39,219 --> 00:01:41,560 On page number 57, 33 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:44,140 here you have a funny way to make your own fossil. 34 00:01:44,140 --> 00:01:46,819 You only need some plasticine 35 00:01:46,819 --> 00:01:51,819 and a duck or some kind of toy. 36 00:01:52,379 --> 00:01:54,540 So you can read the instructions. 37 00:01:54,540 --> 00:01:57,359 If you want to try at home, fantastic. 38 00:01:57,359 --> 00:02:10,000 Apart from archaeologists and paleontologists, we can also talk about historians, that are people specialized in history. 39 00:02:10,419 --> 00:02:26,000 They study the historical sources, that as you can see here, they can be oral sources, spoken sources, like songs, stories, tales, all the tales that you already know, like Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White. 40 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:33,379 They were transmitted generation by generation orally, so they are oral sources. 41 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:35,039 Here you have an example. 42 00:02:37,699 --> 00:02:45,659 You have also written sources, like old books, old newspapers, old music sheets. 43 00:02:48,449 --> 00:02:54,490 There are also visual sources, like paintings, old photographs. 44 00:02:55,210 --> 00:02:58,310 Many centuries ago, they didn't use cameras. 45 00:02:58,310 --> 00:03:06,650 so this was the way people knew each other okay and especially important 46 00:03:06,650 --> 00:03:12,050 visual sources are the cave paintings in Spain we have a lot of caves especially 47 00:03:12,050 --> 00:03:16,849 in the north here the example is the cave of Altamira in Cantabria but there 48 00:03:16,849 --> 00:03:21,990 are many other caves that are really really really important and if you have 49 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:27,650 the opportunity to visit one of them you will learn a lot and I hope you'll 50 00:03:27,650 --> 00:03:32,930 love them as I do and finally the physical sources sources that we can 51 00:03:32,930 --> 00:03:41,330 touch coins monuments buildings all these pottery pottery is these 52 00:03:41,330 --> 00:03:50,210 instruments made with wax or with any other materials and here you have a very 53 00:03:50,210 --> 00:03:56,030 important example here in Spain remember Spain is in Europe and Europe is called 54 00:03:56,030 --> 00:04:03,310 the old world or the ancient continent and we can find here a lot of monuments so you have the 55 00:04:03,310 --> 00:04:09,949 opportunity try to investigate what was the aqueduct of segovia used for it's very interesting 56 00:04:09,949 --> 00:04:19,550 you will tell me okay time measurement is another important fact in history timelines as this one 57 00:04:19,550 --> 00:04:27,290 they are constantly used. There is a point in the middle, more or less here, when 58 00:04:27,290 --> 00:04:33,410 Christ was born. This is called year zero, so everything happening before that 59 00:04:33,410 --> 00:04:38,329 moment will be placed on the left of this point and we will 60 00:04:38,329 --> 00:04:44,629 say BC, before Christ, and on the other hand if something happened after that 61 00:04:44,629 --> 00:04:49,050 moment it will be placed on the right of that point and we will say AD, an 62 00:04:49,050 --> 00:04:58,569 anodominy. So, for example, I was born in 1981 AD and many of you in 2011 AD. Do you understand? 63 00:05:00,670 --> 00:05:07,949 To measure times we use calendars, an instrument that is already well known for you. Nowadays we 64 00:05:07,949 --> 00:05:14,110 use calendars in our smartphones, in class, everywhere. So calendars are usually for one 65 00:05:14,110 --> 00:05:23,970 year. There are 12 months in a year and each month has 30 or 31 days in a month. So there 66 00:05:23,970 --> 00:05:36,449 are 365 days in a year or 366 each four years. And we can also group years in decade, groups 67 00:05:36,449 --> 00:05:46,990 of 10 years centuries groups of 100 years and millenniums groups of 1000 years nowadays the 68 00:05:46,990 --> 00:05:55,740 millennium is the biggest time measurement we use so these are some of the important things we have 69 00:05:55,740 --> 00:06:01,459 to know before getting into history now you can have a look at the roman numerals at the end of 70 00:06:01,459 --> 00:06:07,160 the unit and you can have a look at the video that i left for you you have to take roman numerals as 71 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:11,240 secret code they are very interesting for me so here you have the 72 00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:17,439 correspondence with the numbers we use these are then Roman numerals that are 73 00:06:17,439 --> 00:06:26,779 letters here you have some examples how to operate with Roman numerals and here 74 00:06:26,779 --> 00:06:31,759 you have some of the some of the examples where we can find them if you 75 00:06:31,759 --> 00:06:43,439 if you go walking in your city you will see that they are every everywhere I love them I find it 76 00:06:43,439 --> 00:06:51,819 really really really interesting so I invite you to read unit 5 and make me any question that you 77 00:06:51,819 --> 00:07:00,160 have I will be glad to answer them and enjoy history as much as I do because it's amazing bye 78 00:07:00,160 --> 00:07:01,000 Bye-bye.