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Now, CP printers are available for domestic use, however, before we start creating our computer design we need to know how to draw standardizing drawing and how to do a good design.

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So the same is a very complex process, so we need to do very carefully and it is the main activity of technology

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Because in technology we create new objects to see our life. And these objects obviously can be something that you change or can be something that you create from scratch.

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So, it's very important for all of us to know how to express our ideas.

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If you want to, here we are going to use this index.

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Firstly, we are going to review some important contents that we have already studied the year before, but for me it's a good idea to revise again.

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After that, standardization, types of lines, European system, again, yes, major lengths and dimension lines, again, and finally, which could be new in this course, isometric perspective.

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and Cavalier perspective is not very important, but you may learn something about this kind of perspective.

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So let's move on to the first point which is influence.

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As we have already studied, when we want to express our ideas,

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It's very important to use drawing, but you can't do a drawing without any rule. That's what you can draw to express your idea.

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This kind of drawings are usually called a sketch, but sometimes a sketch is also something that includes a little bit of perspective and a little bit of, for example, dimensions.

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And it's not just a sketch, it's more than a sketch. But the word in English I think is the same.

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And finally you can do a very technical drawing, very very using or drawing details, using

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rules, using drawing instruments and this is more than a technical drawing.

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For us, a good sketch would be enough.

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Well, standardization is a set of standards, a set of rules that regulates every element

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of technical in general, not only for drawing.

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These standards are agreed by agency and we have international standards which usually

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are called ESO standards, but these standards are different in the different countries and

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Here in Spain, we have our standards,

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which are called UNI rules.

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And they are writing, they are publishing by ILO.

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There are standards, for example, for papers,

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for other things one of the standards could be a the types of lines when you

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represent the object when you draw the objects and it's important to use the

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correct line the correct type of line although there are seven different type

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line you just only can use a three different type of line in one draw so

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the most important one is thick obviously because it's for boundaries

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of objects and it is the most important of all of them

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It's also important this one for invisible or interior surface and it's also very important

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a continuous scene because it's for dimension lines.

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And the rest, well, I can see that perhaps this one for center lines, focus lines could

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be important but not so very important in this level well return to a standardization

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when you have an object the object usually have three dimensions and you want to represent an

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object in the paper which just only have two dimensions the way you

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the process you can represent this object is obviously very difficult and one of the ways

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you can do is using the hierarchical system or hierarchical perspective. The hierarchical

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perspective consists in the orthogonal projection of the objects to the

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different superficies in the space. And these projections are called views. So you

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have this view of one object, obviously, because there are six superficies.

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You have six superficies, and you have one orthogonal projection for

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superficies in the space, so six. What European systems usually do is to

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express the six superficies to a universal language. How to locate the

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surface? Well, there are the more important view of the object, which is the more

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representative view, and it is called front elevation. And you put front

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elevation here, in the middle of your paper. But objects also have, obviously, an

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upper projection and the other projection so you have an upper plan which is the

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other view and bottom plan upper in the top and bottom obviously in the bottom

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So, the bottom plan you have to locate behind the front elevation and the upper below the front elevation and in this way you have the other plane.

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We also have the right elevation and the left elevation, and you should locate one on the left and the other on the right.

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there are obviously the last one which is here the rear elevation which is here

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so if you want to represent an object you just only need three views

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you don't need to express the sixth one and sometimes less it depends of the of

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the object but you just only need three no more obviously they are a front plane

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and one of those, and one of these, or right or left. You don't need six,

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you just only need three. And obviously you have to dimension your draw, your draws.

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and they are lengths so they need a unit you usually use meter but meter can be a very very

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big or sometimes could be very small so we can use kilometer, hectometer, decameter,

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decimeter, centimeter and millimeter. So if you want to dimension this one for

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For example, you need some extension auxiliary line, then put the dimension line, which ends in arbor heat, and in the middle you put the size.

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Express the size in millimeters, without any symbol of millimeter.

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Finally, we have also other kinds of perspective, and one of the most important may be isometric perspective.

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Isometric perspective is also an orthogonal projection.

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but in this case the orthogonial projections have the result of the axis of the space

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The axis of the space are separated by the same angle, 120 degrees.

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It is very important because the lengths in the projections are restricted, but in this

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particular case this strinkle is not very important, it is not important, and

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the dimensions are the same as the dimensions of the object.

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In the cavalier perspective, it's not an orthogonal projection of the

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object in the of the space in the plane is more different. So there are two axes

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which are more or less the same but the other axis is different and it

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depends of the angle of the projection, the dimension can be different. In

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technical field we usually use angles of 135 degrees and in this particular case

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here the dimension at a half that in the other axis, but it depends, it depends of

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the angle of the of the projection.

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It is the end of the general knowledge about this context. We are going to

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to study deeply the European system and also isometric perspective, and the other ones are not so important.

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There is another kind of perspective, which is usually called conic perspective,

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But it is not important for technical applications. Well, perhaps in architectural drawing, but it's more for paintings and so on.

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So, well, the name is important to know because it's culture, but we don't use this kind of perspective here in technology.