1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:06,719 so in this new video we are going to finish with the the last epigraph of this unit we are going 2 00:00:06,719 --> 00:00:13,359 to talk about the reign of carlos ii and the war that is going to take place in europe after his 3 00:00:13,359 --> 00:00:22,160 death okay so carlos segundo is going to is going to start raining in 1665 and is going to die in 4 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:30,719 1700 okay so let's see what happens okay here is carlos segundo as you can see he wasn't very 5 00:00:30,719 --> 00:00:41,600 handsome he as you can see he had a physical issues he has also mental issues remember this 6 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:49,200 is a portrait so when they paint a portrait is because they want to show they want to like 7 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:53,920 photoshop the person remember okay so in a portrait they are not representing perfectly 8 00:00:53,920 --> 00:01:02,719 the person so they are trying to make him um like make him more beautiful or more powerful or more 9 00:01:02,719 --> 00:01:09,439 or stronger or whatever so in this case imagine this is the representation of carlos segundo 10 00:01:09,439 --> 00:01:17,359 imagine how he was in the real world in reality okay so the idea is we have this carlos segundo 11 00:01:17,359 --> 00:01:25,760 he was not very handsome of course he had physical and mental problems and he is going to 12 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:31,920 he needs to handle he needs to he needs to manage Spain in a very difficult moment because after his 13 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:40,159 father dies in 1665 Spain has lost most of his its power in Europe and Spain is losing territories 14 00:01:40,159 --> 00:01:46,000 against France okay also Spain is in an economic crisis still seen an economic crisis but the 15 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:52,719 this crisis is going to start finishing during Carlos II's reign 16 00:01:55,359 --> 00:02:02,640 so let's see he was a minor when he came to the throne it means he was underage 17 00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:10,159 he wasn't 16 years old he was underage he was a minor no one thought that he would survive 18 00:02:10,159 --> 00:02:17,780 but he survived 35 years okay so the thing is he was a minor so he is going 19 00:02:17,780 --> 00:02:21,800 to have several different validos so so he's going to have many different 20 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:27,500 validos okay his mother he's going to have a cardinal she's going to have 21 00:02:27,500 --> 00:02:33,099 novels etc he is going to have different validos okay we don't we do not need to 22 00:02:33,099 --> 00:02:39,020 need to know their names but the thing is he was minor he was underage and the 23 00:02:39,020 --> 00:02:46,580 idea is she the the mother is going to he is going to be the regent he's going 24 00:02:46,580 --> 00:02:52,259 to govern the country until the 70s until the 70s in the 17th century and 25 00:02:52,259 --> 00:02:55,340 after that we are going to have different values more than these two of 26 00:02:55,340 --> 00:03:00,560 course but these are the two more important okay so the idea is we are 27 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:04,240 going to have many different values okay and his reign is going to be 28 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:11,319 characterized by the economic crisis but that is going to a but also that is 29 00:03:11,319 --> 00:03:17,919 going to start recovering he is going to start he's going to Spain is going to 30 00:03:17,919 --> 00:03:24,340 start overcoming this this crisis at the end or by the end of the reign it means 31 00:03:24,340 --> 00:03:31,960 at the end of the 17th century Spain is going to start overcoming this crisis 32 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:37,860 this economic crisis okay so his reign is going to be characterized by the economic crisis but 33 00:03:37,860 --> 00:03:47,919 also by the measures that is going to let Spain overcome and superar the crisis economic crisis 34 00:03:47,919 --> 00:03:53,919 okay the other part is what I said before that France is going to continue fighting against 35 00:03:53,919 --> 00:04:01,219 Spain okay and gaining more territories okay these territories in Belgium in Luxembourg etc 36 00:04:01,219 --> 00:04:08,419 these different territories are going to be gained by France against Spain, and also other 37 00:04:08,419 --> 00:04:15,580 types of territories, but the territories are going to be in these regions. 38 00:04:15,580 --> 00:04:20,879 The problem of Carlos II is that he is going to die with no heirs, it means there is no 39 00:04:20,879 --> 00:04:28,079 babies, there is no sons, there is no daughters, so there is going to be a problem related 40 00:04:28,079 --> 00:04:30,660 with the succession of Carlos II. 41 00:04:30,660 --> 00:04:33,959 It means Carlos II is going to die, but he is going to die with no heirs. 42 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:37,800 So the idea is there is a problem of secession. 43 00:04:38,079 --> 00:04:41,079 There are going to be two possible candidates. 44 00:04:41,779 --> 00:04:43,160 One is going to be Austrian. 45 00:04:43,699 --> 00:04:46,300 One is going to be from the Habsburg dynasty. 46 00:04:47,199 --> 00:04:52,100 Remember, he, Carlos II, belonged to the Habsburg dynasty. 47 00:04:52,519 --> 00:04:56,660 So what we are going to find is these two persons, these two possibilities. 48 00:04:56,660 --> 00:05:02,339 One candidate that is going to be from the Habsburg dynasty is going to be called Archiduque Carlos. 49 00:05:03,060 --> 00:05:11,100 Okay, he was the son of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of Germany, I mean. 50 00:05:11,620 --> 00:05:14,860 So the idea is we have this candidate and there is another candidate. 51 00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:16,579 This candidate is French. 52 00:05:17,100 --> 00:05:22,160 This candidate is Felipe de Bourbon, Felipe de Anjou. 53 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:25,500 Okay, not de Bourbon, de Anjou, Felipe de Anjou. 54 00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:34,060 so this this Philip Felipe de Anjou is the other candidate why Felipe de Anjou is the candidate 55 00:05:34,060 --> 00:05:40,560 remember the daughter Maria Teresa the daughter of Philip the fourth Maria Teresa was married to 56 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:51,519 Luis XIV okay so they are going to have sons and Felipe is going to be the nephew or sobrino of 57 00:05:51,519 --> 00:05:58,459 So, the idea is that Carlos II had two possibilities. 58 00:05:58,459 --> 00:06:03,899 One is this French candidate called Felipe, because he is related with his family, because 59 00:06:03,899 --> 00:06:12,879 of this marriage between Maria Teresa and Luis XIV, and the other part is, on the other 60 00:06:12,879 --> 00:06:19,560 side what we have is this person for the Habsburg dynasty, that is the Archduke Carlos. 61 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:25,379 So the problem is he has no heirs and there is going to be a conflict, a war in Europe 62 00:06:25,379 --> 00:06:31,279 and Spain and the Iberian Peninsula to see who is going to be the successor of Carlos 63 00:06:31,279 --> 00:06:34,160 II. 64 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:39,980 So let's see this war of the Spanish succession, la guerra de sucesión española, es decir, 65 00:06:39,980 --> 00:06:47,660 es una guerra in order to see who is going to rule in Spain after Carlos II. 66 00:06:47,660 --> 00:07:01,139 Carlos II is going to be dead, is going to die, and Carlos II is going to die, and there are these two possible candidates. 67 00:07:01,139 --> 00:07:11,879 So what is the problem? Carlos II is going to die in 1700, and he is going to give the kingdoms to Felipe de Borbón, Felipe de Anjou, the nephew of Luis XIV. 68 00:07:11,879 --> 00:07:21,720 So, that's the idea, Carlos II, before he died, on his will, he gave the throne of Spain, 69 00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:26,360 of the Hispanic monarchy, to Felipe de Borbón, the French candidate. 70 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:29,379 What is the problem of Felipe de Borbón? 71 00:07:29,379 --> 00:07:36,839 Ok, the problem is, well, here is Felipe de Borbón, he is going to be Philip V, Felipe 72 00:07:36,839 --> 00:07:56,680 De Bourbon, remember we have now Philippe VI, Philippe VI, and here is Carlos II, so here we have the successor, it's going to be a French, it's going to be Philippe, Philippe V, De Bourbon, Philippe De Bourbon. 73 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:57,759 Okay 74 00:07:57,759 --> 00:08:03,800 So the problem is that most of the countries in Europe are not going to accept this situation 75 00:08:03,819 --> 00:08:08,800 Why because they are thinking of this we have Felipe ruling 76 00:08:09,500 --> 00:08:14,319 the Iberian Peninsula Spain way along with Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, Milan 77 00:08:16,959 --> 00:08:23,199 Belgium and also America so it's a superpower and if we add to the superpower France 78 00:08:23,199 --> 00:08:28,399 okay what we have is two main superpowers ruling the continent what is 79 00:08:28,399 --> 00:08:33,860 who is going to be against this Union because remember Luis XIV is the uncle 80 00:08:33,860 --> 00:08:39,279 of Felipe so Felipe and Luis are part of the same family they are going to have a 81 00:08:39,279 --> 00:08:44,620 policy together the same policy for Europe and these two superpowers are 82 00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:51,399 going to they could rule the whole continent so the idea is who is going to 83 00:08:51,399 --> 00:08:59,200 be against this Union Portugal the Netherlands England okay and also the 84 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:02,980 Holy Roman Empire because in the Holy Roman Empire we have the son of the 85 00:09:02,980 --> 00:09:08,019 Emperor that is Archduke Carlos and this Archduke Carlos is saying okay I want to 86 00:09:08,019 --> 00:09:12,340 be the king of Spain I do not want I do not accept Philip to be the king of 87 00:09:12,340 --> 00:09:18,779 Spain so what we are going to see is two main battlefields in this the war is 88 00:09:18,779 --> 00:09:23,879 going to break out due to this conflict okay because the Archduke Carlos wants 89 00:09:23,879 --> 00:09:27,419 to reign and also the other European countries are not going to accept this 90 00:09:27,419 --> 00:09:32,259 Union France and Spain together that would be a great superpower controlling 91 00:09:32,259 --> 00:09:38,379 Europe so the idea is who we are going to have two main battlefields a European 92 00:09:38,379 --> 00:09:44,500 battlefield where an a peninsular battlefield in the peninsula the crown 93 00:09:44,500 --> 00:09:52,460 of Aragon is going to support Archiduque Carlos and Castile is going to support Felipe while 94 00:09:52,460 --> 00:09:57,720 in Europe France is going to support Felipe and the rest of the countries are going to 95 00:09:57,720 --> 00:10:04,740 support Archiduque Carlos ok so we have two candidates Archiduque Carlos and Felipe the 96 00:10:04,740 --> 00:10:09,559 European countries except for France are going to support Archiduque Carlos because they 97 00:10:09,559 --> 00:10:17,899 They do not want this union between France and Spain, and in the Iberian Peninsula, Castile 98 00:10:17,899 --> 00:10:26,399 is going to support Philip, and the Crown of Aragon is going to support Archduke Carlos. 99 00:10:26,399 --> 00:10:32,500 So these two sides, it means the supporters of Philip is going to be Castile, France and 100 00:10:32,500 --> 00:10:38,399 the American Viceroyalties, and the supporters of Archduke Carlos are going to be the Crown 101 00:10:38,399 --> 00:10:46,559 of aragon austria of course great britain the netherlands portugal and other states okay 102 00:10:46,559 --> 00:10:53,799 like you'll see that other states that sweden etc they are going to join the archduke carlos 103 00:10:53,799 --> 00:11:01,720 option savoy is another one supporting archduke carlos okay so we have this war this civil war 104 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:07,259 between two sides between two candidates one of the candidates is archduke carlos the other 105 00:11:07,259 --> 00:11:16,080 candidate is going to be the other candidate is going to be I will see the 106 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:19,679 other candidates Philippe de Bourbon and Philippe de Bourbon is going to 107 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:23,919 have the support of Castile and France and all the European territories of the 108 00:11:23,919 --> 00:11:29,820 Hispanic monarchy and America while Archiduque Carlos is going to have the 109 00:11:29,820 --> 00:11:35,659 support of Portugal Great Britain the Netherlands Savoy Aragon Austria okay 110 00:11:35,659 --> 00:11:41,700 that that they are not in favor of Philip what is going to happen well this 111 00:11:41,700 --> 00:11:47,360 is Archiduque Carlos okay so we have this civil war with two sides okay in 112 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:52,100 Europe and in the Iberian Peninsula what is going to happen you could think okay 113 00:11:52,100 --> 00:11:59,360 if in Europe Spain or Felipe sorry has only France as its ally and Castile and 114 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:03,799 the Viceroyalties of course Philip is going to lose the war well the thing is 115 00:12:03,799 --> 00:12:08,120 not ok the thing is the evolution of the conflict means in the European 116 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:11,860 battlefields of course the supporter for Carlos that they are a lot they are 117 00:12:11,860 --> 00:12:16,519 England Portugal etc they are going to start winning the war but in the 118 00:12:16,519 --> 00:12:22,259 peninsular battlefields Philip was winning the war it means Castile was 119 00:12:22,259 --> 00:12:28,700 defeating Aragon ok so this is the evolution of the conflict in Europe in 120 00:12:28,700 --> 00:12:33,799 the European battlefields Archiduque Carlos is winning the war while in the 121 00:12:33,799 --> 00:12:42,320 Iberian Peninsula Felipe is winning the war ok perfect so the idea is we have 122 00:12:42,320 --> 00:12:46,740 this European battlefields and this peninsular battlefields ok but there is 123 00:12:46,740 --> 00:12:53,799 going to be one specific problem or one specific change that is going to be the 124 00:12:53,799 --> 00:12:58,240 turning point turning point means punto de inflexión que quiere decir que todo 125 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:02,299 cambia a partir de ese desecho y hay un hecho que va a cambiar la guerra 126 00:13:02,299 --> 00:13:09,519 completely yes okay the turning point is going to be in 1711 when carlos de austria 127 00:13:09,519 --> 00:13:16,220 inherited the holy roman empire and what happened if archiduke carlos controls the 128 00:13:16,220 --> 00:13:22,460 holy roman empire and also spain that we are going to have another superpower that is going to be 129 00:13:22,460 --> 00:13:31,139 ruling europe so that in this moment in 1711 england the the netherlands savoy 130 00:13:31,139 --> 00:13:38,059 they are going to stop supporting Archiduque Carlos and in that moment they are going to 131 00:13:38,059 --> 00:13:45,559 force to sign a peace treaty okay and this treaty is called the Treaty of Utrecht because it was 132 00:13:45,559 --> 00:13:53,279 signed in the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands so the idea is this turning point 1711 is going 133 00:13:53,279 --> 00:13:59,919 to end with a war as as soon as Carlos de Austria inherited this Holy Roman Empire because it means 134 00:13:59,919 --> 00:14:07,740 to have again a superpower in europe and remember the european countries except for france do 135 00:14:07,740 --> 00:14:13,919 didn't want this superpower in europe so what we are going to see now is carlos of austria 136 00:14:13,919 --> 00:14:22,820 that inherited the holy roman empire is going to lose the support of england savoy portugal 137 00:14:22,820 --> 00:14:27,879 etc the netherlands etc so they are going to withdraw and they are going to sign the peace 138 00:14:27,879 --> 00:14:34,100 treaty the treaty of utrecht but the situation is not that in europe the different countries are 139 00:14:34,100 --> 00:14:42,519 going to accept spain ruled by philip along with france no they are going to share they are going 140 00:14:42,519 --> 00:14:49,919 to divide the spanish possessions in europe for example gibraltar and menorca are going to be for 141 00:14:49,919 --> 00:14:56,899 great britain and since that moment gibraltar has been british savoy is going to obtain sicily 142 00:14:56,899 --> 00:15:02,340 Naples, Sardinia, Milan, Luxembourg and Flanders are going to go for Austria, it means for 143 00:15:02,340 --> 00:15:05,220 the Archidio Carlos. 144 00:15:05,220 --> 00:15:10,840 So that's it, after the Peace of Utrecht what we have is a Spain that is going to lose the 145 00:15:10,840 --> 00:15:16,740 European territories but is going to maintain the American territories while Austria is 146 00:15:16,740 --> 00:15:22,120 going to obtain these territories in Europe, Savoy is going to obtain this and Great Britain 147 00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:28,580 is going to obtain these two specific territories from Spain. 148 00:15:28,580 --> 00:15:35,039 So after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Spain is going to lose all these territories. 149 00:15:35,039 --> 00:15:41,539 Philip V ended as King of Spain of course, but losing these European territories, Naples, 150 00:15:41,539 --> 00:15:46,940 Sardinia, the Netherlands of course, that they are going to be independent, and Milan. 151 00:15:46,940 --> 00:15:56,820 Naples and Milan and Sardinia are going to be for the Archduke Carlos and Sicily is going 152 00:15:56,820 --> 00:15:58,940 to be for Savoy. 153 00:15:58,940 --> 00:16:03,299 Also the Netherlands became independent, it means Spain is going to accept the Netherlands 154 00:16:03,299 --> 00:16:08,940 to be independent and Great Britain is going to acquire Gibraltar, Menorca and some American 155 00:16:08,940 --> 00:16:09,940 privileges. 156 00:16:09,940 --> 00:16:21,500 to be able to trade with America legally okay not to use pirates in order to 157 00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:26,279 trade with America so that's the idea what we have in this evolution of the 158 00:16:26,279 --> 00:16:30,639 conflict is that in the European battlefields Archidius Carlos was winning 159 00:16:30,639 --> 00:16:35,259 the war while in the peninsula was Philip but the problem is in 1711 this 160 00:16:35,259 --> 00:16:39,980 turning point, no punto inflexión. Carlos de Austria inherited the Holy Roman 161 00:16:39,980 --> 00:16:44,740 Empire so all his supporters withdraw from the war and said no I'm not going 162 00:16:44,740 --> 00:16:49,419 to accept Archiduque Carlos to be the king or the emperor of the Holy Roman 163 00:16:49,419 --> 00:16:56,379 Empire and also the king of Spain. So they force Carlos and Philip to sign 164 00:16:56,379 --> 00:17:00,600 this treaty. What is going to happen with this treaty? Philip V is going to be 165 00:17:00,600 --> 00:17:07,779 king of spain perfect but spain is going to lose all its european territories naples sardinia the 166 00:17:07,779 --> 00:17:14,299 netherlands milan okay also what we are going to see is the netherlands becoming independent 167 00:17:14,299 --> 00:17:22,839 accepting this savoy obtaining sicily and great britain obtaining gibraltar menorca and some 168 00:17:22,839 --> 00:17:29,819 american privileges economic privileges and with this we have finished with the curse we have 169 00:17:29,819 --> 00:17:36,359 finished with the units related with history in for the first of what you are 170 00:17:36,359 --> 00:17:39,859 going to study is that we are going to study we are going to start with the 171 00:17:39,859 --> 00:17:46,740 18th century we are going to start with this with the Spanish this the this the 172 00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:51,039 war of secession the Spanish war of secession okay