0 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000 In this lesson, we are learning about imaginary lines. 1 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:05,000 OK, what are imaginary lines? 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:09,000 Imaginary lines are things we can find on maps and globes, 3 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:12,000 and they are called meridians and parallels. 4 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,000 What is the difference between meridians and parallels? 5 00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:19,000 Meridians are the distance from the granite meridian, 6 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,000 and parallels are the distance from the equator. 7 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:25,000 So that's the main difference between meridians 8 00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:28,000 and parallels, that meridians are related to the granite, 9 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:32,000 meridians and parallels are related to the equator. 10 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:35,000 Now we're going to move on to the Earth's movements. 11 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,000 As you already know from third grade, 12 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:40,000 the Earth has two movements, rotation, 13 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:43,000 which is the movement the Earth has around its own axis, 14 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:47,000 and revolution, which is the movement the Earth does 15 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:49,000 around the sun. 16 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:52,000 What about the Earth revolution? 17 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:56,000 Well, this is the movement of the Earth around the sun. 18 00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:00,000 It takes 365 days and six hours, 19 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:04,000 and it involves the Earth axis, which 20 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:07,000 is an imaginary line that goes from the North Pole 21 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:08,000 to the South Pole. 22 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:12,000 Thanks to this movement, we have the seasons. 23 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:15,000 Now let's move on to the Earth rotation. 24 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:17,000 What is rotation? 25 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:21,000 It is a movement where the Earth spins on its own axis, 26 00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:24,000 and it takes 24 hours a day, and it 27 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:27,000 causes the day and night in the spectrum. 28 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:30,000 You can see the main difference between rotation and revolution. 29 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:34,000 In rotation, the Earth spins on its own axis, 30 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:38,000 whereas in the revolution one, it moves around the sun. 31 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:40,000 In rotation, we have day and night, 32 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:43,000 and in revolution, we have the season. 33 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:46,000 Rotation takes 24 hours a day, and revolution 34 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:50,000 takes the whole year. 35 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,000 In this unit, we need to talk as well about discovery. 36 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,000 We're going to talk first about Aristotle, 37 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:05,000 which is a man that discovered that the Earth wasn't flat. 38 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:06,000 Why? 39 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,000 Because in ancient history, people 40 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:11,000 believed that the Earth was flat. 41 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:15,000 But astronomers such as Aristotle 42 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:17,000 calculated that it was a sphere. 43 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:20,000 He observed that the Earth's shadow on the moon 44 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:22,000 was curved, and the different stars 45 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:24,000 could be seen from different places. 46 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:28,000 They also observed that when a ship appeared on the horizon, 47 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:31,000 the top was visible before the rest of the ship. 48 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:35,000 Now we have to talk as well about the telescope, which 49 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:39,000 is something that was discovered at the beginning of the 17th 50 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:41,000 century. 51 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:44,000 Telescopes use lenses to help us see objects 52 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:45,000 that are far away. 53 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:49,000 Astronomers discovered planets such as Uranus and Neptune 54 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:50,000 using telescopes. 55 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:52,000 Space. 56 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:55,000 In space, we need to talk about Yuri Gagarin, Neil Armstrong, 57 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,000 and Buzz Aldrin and Pedro Duque, which 58 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:01,000 was the first Spanish person to go into space. 59 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,000 In 1961, Yuri Gagarin was the first person to go into space. 60 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:08,000 He was there for 108 minutes. 61 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:13,000 And in 1969, astronauts such as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin 62 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:17,000 landed and walked on the moon as part of the Apollo 11 space 63 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:18,000 mission. 64 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:25,000 In 1998, which was yesterday, speaking in scientist's words, 65 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:27,000 Pedro Duque was the first Spanish person 66 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:29,000 to go into space. 67 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:33,000 So apart from this, we need to talk as well about the space 68 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:36,000 station, the International Space Station. 69 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:43,000 Since 2000, astronauts have lived in the International 70 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:43,000 Space Station. 71 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:47,000 The space station takes 92 minutes to orbit the Earth. 72 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:49,000 Astronauts do research and experiments 73 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:53,000 in biology, physics, and astronomy. 74 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:55,000 The International Space Station can sometimes 75 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:57,000 be seen from Earth. 76 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:58,000 And that was all. 77 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:01,000 See you tomorrow in class.