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As we have already studied, nowadays we are living in what is usually called an information society.

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This new type of mobile needs to use a lot of electronic devices to work properly.

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It is one of its characteristics.

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So firstly, we are going to study the computer as a machine.

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Well, we are going to try to study what you have in this index.

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Firstly, what is computing? Computing, or also Informal Science,

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Science is a science which deals with the anthropomathically and rational use of information

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with computers or we need to deal with different types of data and calculators.

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A computer is just only a machine, an electronic machine, capable to do a process very, very

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fast in order to do these taxes, these simple taxes, but very, very, very, very, very fast.

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What is important for computer is its high speed.

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Our computers have at least two main systems, which are hardware and software.

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Hardware is the physical part of the computer, what you can touch, and software is a set

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of structures and programs, is the logical base, the logical part of our computers.

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With the software, computers don't run, can't do anything.

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Well, taking into consideration that the computer is an electronic machine, it needs obviously

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energy.

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So all computers have at least a power supply unit.

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A power supply can change the electricity and convert this electricity in electricity

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that the computer can use, because as you know, the electricity that companies supply

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us is not direct current, it's alternative current.

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So indeed, in the power supply, we have mostly, very often, a transformer gesture, which is

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down from 220 to more or less 5 volts, and then it also has a set of diodes.

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Diodes are capable of letting current in one direction but not in another.

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If you also added to these diodes a condensator, you can have something similar to a direct

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current that can be also correct with a thinner diode.

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So indeed, the power supply is transformed from an alternative current to a direct current

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of more or less 5 volts.

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Well, we usually classify hardware in four main types, or four main categories, which

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are input, output, store or storage, and process.

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For example, input hardware is all kind of hardware that let us to input data in our

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computer.

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For example, keyboard, for example mouse, output, let us to show the result of the process

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that the computer can do.

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For example, screen, printer, well, obviously the most important part of our computer is

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the process hardware.

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In our computers, we usually have the tower or we usually have something inside this,

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the tower or in laptop, inside the laptop, we have a very big circuit.

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In this circuit there are a square integrated circuit which is called microprocessor.

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The microprocessor is the most important part of our computer because in it the computer

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can do different taxes, different procedures, and it itself can be understood taking into

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consideration what is usually called von Neumann's architectures.

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This kind of architecture has at least three parts, which are a unit aritological, a control

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unit and different array revista.

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So it has an input device, the microprocessor do the different taxes.

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It can also store, not permanently, but sometimes store a little bit and then output, after

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done different processes, the output devices.

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So microprocessor is the most important part of our computer and it hits a lot.

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So in order to evacuate the heat, it usually has some leds with a led microprocessor to

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evacuate faster the heat, otherwise it can burn.

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But the microprocessor is in another bigger circuit we usually call motherboard.

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The motherboard is the most important part of our computer.

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You can see in motherboard different parts that are really important.

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For example, in the motherboard we have the socket in which is the microprocessor, chipsets,

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these are a set of chips on the motherboard that carries out communication between the

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microprocessor and different components.

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We have also RAM memories that can be different from one computer to another, connectors of

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different types such as ATX or IDA SATA connections, special slopes in which I can insert different

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boards for example some board or graphic board another another important thing so

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is the most important part of our computer although also in the tower for example

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i can see different types of of ports and connectors such as pd to peripheral or

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or to use for graphics, or to connect with a hard disk, or to transmission interface,

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or network connections, for example, parallel with the tower, there is a lot of them.

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Nowadays the most useful of this is USB, because there are so many devices that connect to

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the computer using this.

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In the motherboard you can also have two types of memory that are important.

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And then after this we are going to talk about this again.

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Other important thing of storage hardware is obviously the hard disk.

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The hard disk is the most important storage hardware because you can store in it your

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operating system.

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And very often it is also, for example, another types of different files and another types

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of applications and other types of software.

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And in the motherboard also you can have run and run memories that are also, that are always

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a different electronic circuit.

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You can also see in a motherboard a small battery and a small circuit, which is usually

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called BIOS.

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The BIOS memory is responsible for the setup of the computer at the beginning and the first

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connection with the peripheral and other things.

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It can be also a type of raw memory, it can be considered a type of raw memory.

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The hard disk.

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The hard disk is made by Ferritas.

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It has a cylinder shape so you can divide it into tracks and cylinders.

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So you have sector and the smallest unit in a hardware disk is called cluster.

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It is also organized in a logical thing because it has one part of the disk which is just

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only to improve or to start the reading, to start to read the content of the disk.

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And then you have different partitions that must be formatted before use the hard disk.

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And we are going to talk again in the next lesson.

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Memories run and run.

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We have already talked about this.

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Run memory can be deleted.

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On the other hand, run memory is not possible to delete, it is something that must be permanent

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and very often you can change well nowadays it's also important mobile phone at device

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so we are going to talk something about the hardware in a mobile phone mobile phone is a set

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of different layers so we have the first layer in which we have the screen mainly and in another

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layer we have a also the loudspeaker and in another we have camera flash memory and in another

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microprocessor so apart from battery obviously so the this is the the strategy to to create a

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mobile phone it is doing layers in layers in different layers well it's important to know

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that obviously is you take into consideration that all these devices are machines and electronic

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machines the only thing they can know and they can feel is it has current or

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not so indeed the only thing they can the smallest unit of memory is called

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bit and a bit just only have two values, 0 and 1. As we are going to explain later, if

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you want to create the different characters and to use the information, you must use just

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only bits, so obviously it's quite complicated.

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This is one of the reasons why 8 bits is another bigger unit of memory, which is called byte.

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Then the next unit of memory is Kylo Byte.

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Kylo is usually associated to 1000, but what happened?

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There isn't any power of 2 that is 1000, because 1000 is a power of 10, no, it's a power of

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2.

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And this is the reason why 1 kilobyte is 1024, not 1000.

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And in this number of, in this quantity, the units of memory are growing.

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So, one megabyte is 1024 kilobytes and so on.

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So, as I have said if you want to know how to use

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a computer, if you want to understand how the computer

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works, you need to know and you need to use a network

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another code, another numbered system.

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We usually use decimal code, so in a decimal code we express the quantity using position

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and also the quantity, indeed we just only have ten figures that are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

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6, 7, 8 and 9 and if you change the position of the figure, the quantity is also different.

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What I'm trying to say is the position is unit, this digit is just only what the digit

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is, but it is not a unit, it is in the second position, you must multiply the value of the

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figure with 10, for 10, because it is in the second position, and so on.

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I think it's clear if we do then, we are going to do an example, and I think it can be clear than what I am speaking.

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If you use binary code, you just only have two figures that are 0 and 1.

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So, if you want to express quantities, you need to use these two figures and also the

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position of the figures.

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If a decimal code is the power of 10, in binary code are power of 2.

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So it's another way to express different quantity.

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And finally, you can also use hexadecimal code, in which you have existing figures.

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What happens when the unit is 10, you express using the figure A, is 11, figure B, is 12,

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figure C is 13, figure B is 14, figure A and 15, figure F. What I'm trying to say, indeed

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the figure you use, the letter. I think if we try to do or if I'm going to do some examples

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and I think it is clear. It's just only the theory. Well, that is what we need to know

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about, is the theory that we need to know about hardware and how the computers usually