1 00:00:00,540 --> 00:00:06,440 Hello everyone and welcome to the unit 2 that is the primary sector. As I told you 2 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:10,699 in class I'm going to make some videos to make the explanations easier of these 3 00:00:10,699 --> 00:00:16,519 topics and so what you have in the first slide of the presentation that you can 4 00:00:16,519 --> 00:00:22,260 find already in habla virtual is the index of the unit with the page numbers 5 00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:29,179 that are from your textbook but today we are going to focus on the first point 6 00:00:29,179 --> 00:00:33,859 that is the factors of the agrarian production that you have on the page 26 7 00:00:33,859 --> 00:00:40,299 and today apart from that we are going to see some basic concepts about the 8 00:00:40,299 --> 00:00:47,829 primary sector and in the third slide what you can find is a concept map about 9 00:00:47,829 --> 00:00:52,210 agriculture that I think can be interesting for you to have some basic 10 00:00:52,210 --> 00:01:01,890 information at hand, okay? First of all, what's the primary sector? If you 11 00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:05,709 remember the activities that are carried out in this sector are related with the 12 00:01:05,709 --> 00:01:11,849 extraction of raw materials from nature and normally they are not modified 13 00:01:11,849 --> 00:01:17,290 because they will be modified in the secondary sector by the industries and 14 00:01:17,290 --> 00:01:22,930 And these activities normally are carried out in the rural space, in rural areas, in the countryside. 15 00:01:23,950 --> 00:01:31,129 And we are going to see today which are the differences between rural, primary sector or agriculture. 16 00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:34,870 If you want to have a definition, a good definition, we have it here. 17 00:01:35,530 --> 00:01:44,969 And even though normally we speak about primary sector, you are going to see that most of the information is related with the agriculture because it's the most important activity. 18 00:01:47,409 --> 00:01:58,430 So, first of all, when we speak about agrarian landscapes or agriculture, we are going to make reference to the activity of cultivation of crops. 19 00:01:58,430 --> 00:02:02,269 For example, what you have on the background picture. 20 00:02:03,069 --> 00:02:10,310 But then, if we speak about primary sector, more activities are involved, like livestock, forestry or fishing. 21 00:02:10,310 --> 00:02:17,270 Finally, all these activities are carried out in rural areas, in the countryside, but 22 00:02:17,270 --> 00:02:21,430 in rural areas we don't have only primary sector activities. 23 00:02:21,430 --> 00:02:28,189 We also have habitats where the people live, we also have tertiary activities, for example 24 00:02:28,189 --> 00:02:36,009 services, and we also have secondary activities that normally are based on the transformation 25 00:02:36,009 --> 00:02:41,719 of the raw materials that are obtained in the primary sector. 26 00:02:41,719 --> 00:02:48,039 Seeing that we have to start with the factors of the agrarian activity and basically because 27 00:02:48,039 --> 00:02:54,139 these activities are conditioned a lot by two different types of factors and depending 28 00:02:54,139 --> 00:03:01,400 on these factors we will have different crops or different types of livestock. 29 00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:06,039 The first category is the physical factors that are the relief, the climate and the soil 30 00:03:06,039 --> 00:03:11,379 and the second one are the human factors that are related with the human activity. 31 00:03:11,379 --> 00:03:18,180 For example, the population, the economy, the society or the politics. 32 00:03:18,180 --> 00:03:25,960 So to begin with the physical factors we have the relief, el relieve in Spanish, and depending 33 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:29,900 on two things we can cultivate crops or not. 34 00:03:29,900 --> 00:03:38,139 For example, if the land is flat it's easier to grow crops than if the land is not flat, 35 00:03:38,139 --> 00:03:40,139 it's steep. 36 00:03:40,139 --> 00:03:46,259 If the, for example, what you can see in this picture, this rice paddies, this surface, 37 00:03:46,259 --> 00:03:51,960 the surface wasn't flat and what the farmers did was to make it flat. 38 00:03:51,960 --> 00:03:55,800 But this takes a lot of effort and it's complicated. 39 00:03:55,800 --> 00:04:03,259 So normally crops are cultivated in plains, in plateaus, in horizontal landscapes. 40 00:04:03,259 --> 00:04:10,080 Secondly, we have to take into account that the higher we are, for example in the mountains, 41 00:04:10,080 --> 00:04:15,599 colder we are as well okay so because the temperatures normally decrease 42 00:04:15,599 --> 00:04:21,660 around 6 Celsius degrees each 1000 meters in mountainous regions is very 43 00:04:21,660 --> 00:04:29,100 complicated to cultivate crops and so if the land is not flat is too high so is 44 00:04:29,100 --> 00:04:35,879 called and these are two factors that are going to condition the the 45 00:04:35,879 --> 00:04:41,459 cultivation and finally the south facing slopes of the mountains are warmer 46 00:04:41,459 --> 00:04:47,060 because they are normally facing the Sun and the north facing slopes are not so 47 00:04:47,060 --> 00:04:52,500 normally we will have more crops also in the south facing slopes in Spanish we 48 00:04:52,500 --> 00:05:00,680 call them Solana probably you have heard that word so in Spain for example more 49 00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:08,160 More than 70% of the land is between 200 and 1000 meters, which is not terrible, but we 50 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:12,620 have also a lot of mountains like the Pyrenees, La Cordillera Cantabrica, El Sistema Ibérico 51 00:05:12,620 --> 00:05:18,120 and so on, and that's going to make the cultivation of crops complicated. 52 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:24,740 Normally, agriculture is going to be developed at the coastal plains in Valencia, Murcia, 53 00:05:24,740 --> 00:05:31,240 Almería, La Depresión del Guadalquivir, and in the northern plateau, La Submeseta Norte, 54 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:33,480 and the southern plateau, La Submeseta Sur. 55 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:40,680 In the mountainous regions, like the Sistema Central, for example, mainly the land is used 56 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:48,199 for grazing, which means for feeding animals, for livestock. 57 00:05:50,839 --> 00:05:54,160 Then, the second physical factor is the climate. 58 00:05:54,160 --> 00:06:02,319 Normally, to cultivate crops we need a minimum of temperature of 6 Celsius degrees, because 59 00:06:02,319 --> 00:06:08,319 if the temperatures are too low, the crops can die. 60 00:06:08,319 --> 00:06:15,079 Also as you probably know, plants need water, so the minimum precipitation, the minimum 61 00:06:15,079 --> 00:06:23,800 amount of rainfall should be 250 millimeters per year, and if it rains more than 500 millimeters 62 00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:28,720 per year, it's also bad, okay, because the crops can get rotten. 63 00:06:29,379 --> 00:06:34,800 Básicamente, que si no llueve, se secan las plantas, y si llueve demasiado, se pueden 64 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:35,199 podrir. 65 00:06:35,199 --> 00:06:40,279 Si hace mucho frío, se congelan, y si hiciera mucho calor, aunque no lo he puesto aquí, 66 00:06:40,620 --> 00:06:41,620 se pueden secar también. 67 00:06:42,980 --> 00:06:50,540 For example, in Spain, we have a Mediterranean climate, so normally, the rainfall is irregular. 68 00:06:50,540 --> 00:06:58,220 It normally rains in autumn and spring, and in summer, normally it doesn't rain. 69 00:06:58,220 --> 00:07:03,420 We also have some problems like droughts, sequias, and extreme temperatures. 70 00:07:03,420 --> 00:07:09,420 And sometimes we also have some hazards like hail storms or heat waves or floods. 71 00:07:09,420 --> 00:07:13,079 So all of this is bad for crops. 72 00:07:13,079 --> 00:07:18,120 You have an explanation here about the Spanish Mediterranean climate, but normally what you 73 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:22,199 need to know about this is that there are three types of crops that are really good 74 00:07:22,199 --> 00:07:32,759 for this climate. Wheat, trigo, grapes, uvas and olive trees, olivos. At the coast we can 75 00:07:32,759 --> 00:07:39,560 have also fruit trees, frutales, like orange trees that we have in Valencia. And in the 76 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:44,680 north of Spain because it's too humid and it rains a lot and it doesn't have so much 77 00:07:44,680 --> 00:07:50,980 sunlight we can have some crops like apple or pear trees and potatoes but and 78 00:07:50,980 --> 00:07:57,180 the other type of plants are not common and most of the time most of the 79 00:07:57,180 --> 00:08:01,800 serving most of the locations in the north the land is used for grazing plots 80 00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:09,500 but para alimentar al ganado para alimentar a las vacas. In Spain also 81 00:08:09,500 --> 00:08:14,259 another factor related with the climate is watering if it doesn't rain the plants 82 00:08:14,259 --> 00:08:21,300 not going to receive enough rainfall enough water so most of the types of farming that we have are 83 00:08:21,300 --> 00:08:28,819 dry farming that in spanish we call secano and the irrigation farming regadio plantas 84 00:08:29,540 --> 00:08:35,860 is not that common okay the natural vegetation of spain is decayed or removed which means that 85 00:08:35,860 --> 00:08:43,299 the original plants of spain has almost disappeared the last physical factor is 86 00:08:43,299 --> 00:08:50,580 soil or ground, basically because if we don't have fertile soil we can't cultivate plants. 87 00:08:50,580 --> 00:08:55,779 For example in this picture you have a soil that is fertile, that has a good pH, I don't know if 88 00:08:55,779 --> 00:09:02,580 you have learned about this in biology, and normally this is deep and drained so it's good. 89 00:09:03,139 --> 00:09:08,820 These two pictures are showing you a bad soil in which we are not going to be able to cultivate 90 00:09:08,820 --> 00:09:16,820 anything this is the types of soil that we have in the world so in the north or the south or the 91 00:09:16,820 --> 00:09:23,620 saharan desert or the mountains the soil is not good for cultivation okay in spain 92 00:09:25,059 --> 00:09:31,779 normally as i told you the mountains are not good but the mesetas the plains of the coast 93 00:09:31,779 --> 00:09:35,379 la depresión del hebron y la depresión del guadalquivir, 94 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:38,720 these are regions that are good for cultivation. 95 00:09:39,820 --> 00:09:41,320 Then, the human factors. 96 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:43,120 We're going to start with population. 97 00:09:43,639 --> 00:09:46,759 Normally, the highest the population, the highest the necessity of food, 98 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:47,820 for example, in China. 99 00:09:48,279 --> 00:09:50,580 Vamos, que si hay mucha gente, necesitamos producir mucho, 100 00:09:50,679 --> 00:09:54,559 y esto va a condicionar que necesitemos producir mucho más. 101 00:09:55,440 --> 00:09:58,100 Then, the less people working in the primary sector, 102 00:09:58,279 --> 00:10:00,179 the more necessity of technology. 103 00:10:00,179 --> 00:10:14,779 Vamos, que si hay poca gente que quiera trabajar en agricultura y se vacía el campo, lo normal es que se invierta más en tecnología para intentar poder recoger y cultivar estos productos. 104 00:10:18,289 --> 00:10:29,169 The consequences of these factors in the world is that more land is exploited because the population is increasing very fast. 105 00:10:29,169 --> 00:10:36,649 we use a lot of irrigation so we are using too much water we use pesticides so we can produce 106 00:10:36,649 --> 00:10:43,009 more machinery etc and this is the amount of people that work in the primary sector in the 107 00:10:43,009 --> 00:10:49,309 world so as you can see the non-developed countries like the ones that we have in central 108 00:10:49,309 --> 00:10:54,450 africa in some parts of asia are the countries in which we have more people working in the primary 109 00:10:54,450 --> 00:11:01,289 sector while in the developed countries for example the european ones north america australia 110 00:11:01,289 --> 00:11:06,230 new zealand japan there is less people working in the primary sector so we use more technology 111 00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:15,070 in spain there is not a lot of population working in the primary sector only a 4.4 percent more or 112 00:11:15,070 --> 00:11:22,269 less in 2014 and the consequence of this is that we are going to use a lot of machines 113 00:11:22,269 --> 00:11:29,450 and there is an economic crisis in the agrarian regions because we have an economic crisis many 114 00:11:29,450 --> 00:11:35,309 of these people are leaving the rural areas and they are moving to the cities that that is what 115 00:11:35,309 --> 00:11:42,509 we call rural exodus i don't know if you learned that last year but basically it consists on people 116 00:11:42,509 --> 00:11:48,470 leaving the countryside to live in cities in spain we call the situation 117 00:11:48,470 --> 00:11:53,529 la situación de la España vaciada, que seguro que lo habéis escuchado alguna vez, aunque sea en la 118 00:11:53,529 --> 00:11:59,450 tele, en sitios como Soria, Ciudad Real, Albacete, que la gente se está marchando y se está yendo a 119 00:11:59,450 --> 00:12:06,389 vivir sobre todo a Madrid, al País Vasco, a Cataluña, etc. In Spain, the amount of people we have is 120 00:12:06,389 --> 00:12:12,549 around 47 million people, but Spain produce more than we need, so normally we export, 121 00:12:12,549 --> 00:12:19,870 we sell to other countries then the economic factor or technology technological 122 00:12:19,870 --> 00:12:29,250 basically it's we can summarize it in four well in five the type of activity that is carried out 123 00:12:29,250 --> 00:12:35,330 if it's agriculture livestock forestry normally if all of them are done at the same time is because 124 00:12:35,330 --> 00:12:40,730 the economy is not good. The use of land. If it's intensive, we produce a lot in 125 00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:47,549 small spaces. If it is extensive, it means that we use a large space but we 126 00:12:47,549 --> 00:12:53,690 don't produce a lot. The crop variety. If we produce one thing normally, we produce 127 00:12:53,690 --> 00:12:58,970 a lot, we will have more yield, more production. If we produce a lot of 128 00:12:58,970 --> 00:13:04,730 products in the same land, polyculture, we are going to receive less production. 129 00:13:04,730 --> 00:13:10,730 The type of water usage, for example, if it's dry farming, secano, we are going to 130 00:13:10,730 --> 00:13:17,809 produce less. If it's irrigated, irrigation, si regamos, we produce more. And finally 131 00:13:17,809 --> 00:13:21,570 the agrarian techniques are very very important as well because the 132 00:13:21,570 --> 00:13:25,730 traditional techniques, like the ones that you have in this picture, are not 133 00:13:25,730 --> 00:13:30,289 going to be very productive but the modern ones will produce a lot for 134 00:13:30,289 --> 00:13:34,169 example what you can see in the picture is that nowadays sand machines are 135 00:13:34,169 --> 00:13:41,690 controlled by drones we don't even need people working in the machines okay well 136 00:13:41,690 --> 00:13:45,490 in Spain as you can see I have a lot of information here but I'm going to 137 00:13:45,490 --> 00:13:52,230 summarize it very fast most of the land of Spain is used for agriculture and the 138 00:13:52,230 --> 00:14:00,549 use of land in Spain basically is more intensive than extensive, but the 139 00:14:00,549 --> 00:14:06,830 European Union, la Unión Europea, is forcing Spain to use more extensive 140 00:14:06,830 --> 00:14:11,289 agriculture because we are destroying our soil. Estamos destruyendo el suelo de 141 00:14:11,289 --> 00:14:16,330 España con la agricultura. The Spanish agriculture mainly is 142 00:14:16,330 --> 00:14:20,929 technified, es decir, tiene mucha tecnología. We use machinery, es decir, 143 00:14:20,929 --> 00:14:31,690 muchas máquinas como los tractores, las cosechadoras. GMOs are genetically modified organism, son 144 00:14:31,690 --> 00:14:37,110 los transgénicos, que a lo mejor habéis oído hablar de ellos, que son plantas o semillas 145 00:14:37,110 --> 00:14:43,429 que han sido modificadas genéticamente y producen muchísimo. Fertilizers, fertilizantes 146 00:14:43,429 --> 00:14:49,730 para el suelo, chemicals, greenhouses, invernaderos and so on. And irrigation as I told you is 147 00:14:49,730 --> 00:14:55,850 very difficult because we don't have a lot of water so dry farming is more common about the 148 00:14:55,850 --> 00:15:01,690 human factors we also have to speak about a social factor and this is going to be divided 149 00:15:01,690 --> 00:15:10,809 into in the size el tamaño and the ownership la propiedad the size is important because 150 00:15:10,809 --> 00:15:15,669 if the size of the plot of land es decir si la propiedad que pertenece a una persona 151 00:15:15,669 --> 00:15:22,850 Es pequeña y es small, en castellano lo llamamos minifundio, the productivity is also going 152 00:15:22,850 --> 00:15:27,789 to be very small because you are not going to buy a tractor for this piece of land that 153 00:15:27,789 --> 00:15:28,789 is very small. 154 00:15:28,789 --> 00:15:33,629 There is less investment in technology because you won't obtain profit. 155 00:15:33,629 --> 00:15:41,509 If the size of land is medium or large, we can use technology, we can make the investment 156 00:15:41,509 --> 00:15:44,269 So, we will obtain more profit, okay? 157 00:15:45,909 --> 00:15:49,809 Basically, if the property of... 158 00:15:49,809 --> 00:15:53,009 For example, if I have a mini-fund, I have a small property, 159 00:15:53,509 --> 00:15:56,110 the normal thing is that I do not invest in technology 160 00:15:56,110 --> 00:15:58,409 because it will cost me more in technology 161 00:15:58,409 --> 00:16:01,110 than what I will get from such a small land. 162 00:16:01,509 --> 00:16:03,509 However, if my property is medium, 163 00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:05,210 or especially if it is a latifund, 164 00:16:05,210 --> 00:16:07,409 a very large property of more than 100 hectares, 165 00:16:07,909 --> 00:16:11,309 the investment in technology will be very positive for me. 166 00:16:11,509 --> 00:16:13,990 Because I'm going to save a lot in labor. 167 00:16:14,529 --> 00:16:18,529 So what I save in workers, I invest in tractors and harvesters, for example, 168 00:16:18,990 --> 00:16:21,250 and I'm going to get a lot more benefits. 169 00:16:22,850 --> 00:16:29,350 In Spain, we have a problem with the property, with the size of the property, 170 00:16:29,509 --> 00:16:37,750 because the 55% of the large lands are only in the hands of 5.1% of the population. 171 00:16:38,450 --> 00:16:53,009 Well, I have to change a little mistake here. 172 00:16:53,009 --> 00:17:06,529 Well, as this is from Spain, I say it quickly in Spanish, that the largest properties of the land, the latifundios, are owned by very few people, only 5% of the owners of the land. 173 00:17:07,049 --> 00:17:12,490 Normally they are monocultivated and they tend to be productive, but only for a few that are going to be very rich. 174 00:17:12,490 --> 00:17:24,190 And yet, 67% of the owners have small properties, that is, minifund properties, especially in the north of Spain, 175 00:17:24,410 --> 00:17:34,089 which are very unproductive, they have many crops, they are family gardens, and this makes these agricultural properties quite poor, 176 00:17:34,569 --> 00:17:36,250 that is, they obtain very little benefit. 177 00:17:36,250 --> 00:17:43,109 Another factor is the land ownership, la tenencia de la tierra, la propiedad de la tierra, that 178 00:17:43,109 --> 00:17:47,809 can be private, privada, or public, pública o estatal. 179 00:17:47,809 --> 00:17:54,690 Normally, what we have is private land that can be used by the farmer, tenencia directa, 180 00:17:54,690 --> 00:17:56,869 la usa directamente el agricultor. 181 00:17:56,869 --> 00:18:02,009 We can have shared cropping, a parcería, that is a little bit more complicated. 182 00:18:02,009 --> 00:18:13,809 For example, if I am the owner of the land, I can give it to a farmer and this farmer, at the end of the year, by contract, will give me a percentage of the production. 183 00:18:14,549 --> 00:18:19,609 Vamos, es como un alquiler, pero en lugar de pagarme dinero, lo que me pagan es un porcentaje de la producción. 184 00:18:20,730 --> 00:18:24,910 And in rent land, arrendamiento, is a rent, es un alquiler. 185 00:18:24,910 --> 00:18:32,470 that is, they are going to pay me a little money to rent the land but all the benefits 186 00:18:32,470 --> 00:18:38,710 are taken to the farmer who uses it then we have a land that people use directly 187 00:18:38,710 --> 00:18:44,829 which is the most common in Spain the partnership that I rent the land for example but what they are going to 188 00:18:44,829 --> 00:18:51,589 give me is a percentage of what is produced and the rent that is paid in advance a rent 189 00:18:51,589 --> 00:18:57,789 un arrendamiento, pero toda la productividad, todo lo que se obtenga, va a ser para la persona 190 00:18:57,789 --> 00:18:58,470 que me ha pagado. 191 00:18:59,390 --> 00:19:05,650 In public or state-owned, we have communal lands, tierras comunales, que se trabaja entre 192 00:19:05,650 --> 00:19:11,849 muchos y obtienen todos el mismo beneficio, and cooperatives, cooperativas, in which there 193 00:19:11,849 --> 00:19:17,170 are many farmers that are producing for the state. 194 00:19:17,170 --> 00:19:25,170 The cooperatives can also be using private ownership, that is, cooperatives are also used in private property. 195 00:19:25,170 --> 00:19:32,170 For example, if many farmers who have direct tenancy cultivate their land and take it to a cooperative, 196 00:19:32,170 --> 00:19:40,170 because what they do is unite their production and their benefits to be able to have all the machinery they need. 197 00:19:40,170 --> 00:19:44,809 Normally this happens in Spain because, as I have said before, there are many 198 00:19:44,809 --> 00:19:48,349 minifund properties, many small ones and these people could not 199 00:19:48,349 --> 00:19:52,549 afford to have the machinery to make wine, for example, as they do in this 200 00:19:52,549 --> 00:19:59,569 cooperative, all these farmers. 201 00:19:59,650 --> 00:20:05,109 In Spain, as I was saying, because most of the property is exploited 202 00:20:05,109 --> 00:20:10,450 by the landowner, the rent is growing and the 203 00:20:10,450 --> 00:20:16,210 parceria tambien. Finally we have a political human factor that are the 204 00:20:16,210 --> 00:20:22,450 agrarian policies so the government if you remember in mix or in communist 205 00:20:22,450 --> 00:20:28,809 economies the government can say what the farmers have to produce how to 206 00:20:28,809 --> 00:20:34,269 produce and so on so in the European Union we have a type of agrarian policy 207 00:20:34,269 --> 00:20:38,710 that is the common agricultural policy in which the European Union is telling 208 00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:49,750 us how to produce and what to produce basically is a type of intervention done by the state so 209 00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:54,849 for example they can set the prices of products pueden establecer los precios de los productos 210 00:20:54,849 --> 00:21:05,589 they can promote special techniques pueden promover el uso de tecnología they can say 211 00:21:05,589 --> 00:21:10,829 that the European products should be the first ones to be sell, for example, 212 00:21:10,829 --> 00:21:15,710 obligate the European markets to buy European products instead of 213 00:21:15,710 --> 00:21:23,970 Moroccan, for example, or Chinese. In Spain, our agriculture is going to be based on 214 00:21:23,970 --> 00:21:27,750 the common agrarian policy of the European Union, that is, our 215 00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:33,009 agriculture, Spanish agriculture, is based or regulated by the CAP, by the 216 00:21:33,009 --> 00:21:39,869 European policy. So, as I told you, the European markets go first. What is very important about 217 00:21:39,869 --> 00:21:46,190 this is that they give grants, dan ayudas a los agricultores, por ejemplo, pues para que trabaje 218 00:21:46,190 --> 00:21:52,069 gente joven en el campo, para que obtengan más maquinaria. Este año, por ejemplo, se van a dar 219 00:21:52,069 --> 00:21:58,230 muchísimos millones de euros a los agricultores españoles para que adquieran tractores ecológicos, 220 00:21:58,230 --> 00:22:04,230 tractores que utilicen más energía eléctrica y menos gasolina. 221 00:22:04,230 --> 00:22:09,470 They promote competitiveness, competitividad, improving techniques for example or training 222 00:22:09,470 --> 00:22:16,390 farmers to obtain more benefit and nowadays sustainability is going to be very important 223 00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:20,549 in the Spanish agriculture and the European agriculture because they want to improve the 224 00:22:20,549 --> 00:22:26,150 living conditions of people that live in rural areas because normally they don't have hospitals 225 00:22:26,150 --> 00:22:32,410 education and so on so they want to promote it they want to move more 226 00:22:32,410 --> 00:22:38,329 employment in rural areas for example with the rural tourism and tourism or 227 00:22:38,329 --> 00:22:42,829 rural that's a policy of the European Union and they try to protect the 228 00:22:42,829 --> 00:22:49,250 natural environment as well so all of this information that I have explained 229 00:22:49,250 --> 00:22:57,849 about the factors of agrarian production is what you have to do or to use for the first 230 00:22:57,849 --> 00:23:03,269 exercise of the section 3 of the global classroom project. 231 00:23:03,269 --> 00:23:10,009 Basically this is the information that you have on the instructions and what you have 232 00:23:10,009 --> 00:23:18,470 to do is to research the factors of production and then to reason about them saying how they 233 00:23:18,470 --> 00:23:21,349 affect the agriculture of your country. 234 00:23:21,349 --> 00:23:26,470 For example, in Spain, the Mediterranean climate is going to affect the agriculture because 235 00:23:26,470 --> 00:23:32,890 we have a lot of sunlight, moderate rainfall, so mostly the main crops that are cultivated 236 00:23:32,890 --> 00:23:37,990 in Spain are cereals, grapes, olive trees, and so on. 237 00:23:37,990 --> 00:23:42,970 I don't know if it makes sense or not for you, but if you have questions, you can ask 238 00:23:42,970 --> 00:23:47,829 me by email or in aula virtual or in class.