1 00:00:00,620 --> 00:00:05,919 Hi everyone, today we are going to see the transhumance and a melting pot of cultures, okay? 2 00:00:06,459 --> 00:00:09,560 These are two different points in our unit. 3 00:00:10,119 --> 00:00:19,280 As always, I'm going to show you the two pages, or the pages that we are going to see today, to be clear for you, okay? 4 00:00:19,379 --> 00:00:24,199 So first, we are going to see fourth point, transhumance, okay? 5 00:00:24,199 --> 00:00:34,640 only this first page okay 132 38 because this one is not important at all only for the exercises 6 00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:42,020 okay so we are going to focus on this first page and later we are going to see these two pages but 7 00:00:42,020 --> 00:00:48,960 these two pages they are melting pot that is like a mixture of different cultures as i told you 8 00:00:48,960 --> 00:01:03,359 So here in the Iberian Peninsula we had the Christians, the Jews and the Muslims. It's like La España de las Tres Culturas. So here we have different topics related with each culture. 9 00:01:03,359 --> 00:01:19,099 But from this point you are going to see a video that is in YouTube and you have to answer these four questions A, C and D. B is not necessary to answer. You have, like always, in the PowerPoint with the task. 10 00:01:19,099 --> 00:01:27,340 okay so first of all we are going to see what is the transhuman in spanish is transhumancia 11 00:01:27,340 --> 00:01:34,780 okay transhumancia and what does it mean is a way that the surfers los pastores had to 12 00:01:38,379 --> 00:01:45,180 to direct the flock of ships okay los rebaños de ovejas from one point to another 13 00:01:45,180 --> 00:01:56,859 to the iberian peninsula okay so when the weather was so warm the surfers decided to get to different 14 00:01:56,859 --> 00:02:05,900 places that is colder and when the weather is so cold they decide to get warm places okay it's like 15 00:02:05,900 --> 00:02:15,580 a constant movement of flock of ships okay to uh use better the land and for the 16 00:02:16,379 --> 00:02:24,300 uh care of the flags okay so here we have the transmans were ruled by the mesta okay here you 17 00:02:24,300 --> 00:02:31,580 have this institution that we were seeing the other day okay was created by alfonso the 10th 18 00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:45,460 the wise, so it's an institution that controlled these roads in which the ships were controlled 19 00:02:45,460 --> 00:02:47,240 and directed by the surfers. 20 00:02:47,240 --> 00:03:00,159 So here you have the different jobs or tasks that each surfer did when they were doing 21 00:03:00,159 --> 00:03:06,340 these transromance okay so this point is very easy you are going to understand so well with the 22 00:03:06,340 --> 00:03:12,960 activity or the activities that you have to do from this page okay so i'm not going to focus 23 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:19,479 at all because i think this information is too short and it's too easy to understand okay 24 00:03:19,479 --> 00:03:24,439 and here we have different routes from the leones and the segovia and sefer 25 00:03:24,439 --> 00:03:44,439 And I don't know if you know what is the silver road, La Ruta de la Plata, that came from the north to the south, especially to Extremadura, and is a good way to exchange culture and knowledge and traditions and customs, whatever. 26 00:03:44,439 --> 00:03:51,960 So the transhumance, or thanks to the transhumance here in the Iberian Peninsula, we have different 27 00:03:51,960 --> 00:03:55,560 contact between surfers from one place to another. 28 00:03:55,560 --> 00:04:01,539 And these two pages is to show you that nowadays the transhumance is still doing. 29 00:04:01,539 --> 00:04:13,240 Here we have all the flock of ships through their boats here in Spain, and this is Madrid. 30 00:04:13,240 --> 00:04:19,560 This is the Cibeles Square, here we have the sculpture and it's a party nowadays, it's 31 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:28,500 a festivity in which in one day of the year the surfers and the ships came to the different 32 00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:40,639 cities in Spain and they do this transhumance as a symbol, it's symbolic, only to remember 33 00:04:40,639 --> 00:04:47,120 the past of our culture and our ancestors okay so you only have to remember this what is transomers 34 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:54,480 and what is the mesta okay so you have here on your book and later here we have the Iberian 35 00:04:54,480 --> 00:05:02,720 peninsula a melting pot okay this idea of melting pot is like a chrysol of cultures okay a chrysol 36 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:09,199 is like a fan in which several cultures happen okay and here in Spain we have the muslims the 37 00:05:09,199 --> 00:05:19,600 use and the Christians, okay? Christians must be used. The star, the David star, the calligraphy, 38 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:28,560 and here we have also the calligraphy, we have here the three cultures reunite in one picture, 39 00:05:28,560 --> 00:05:36,720 and also the one thing that you have to remember is in Toledo the school of translators, okay? 40 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:46,720 this is a picture from the Cantigas de Santa Maria, if you remember it was a book composed by 41 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:57,839 or in order to Alfonso X the Wise and he decided to create a book 42 00:05:57,839 --> 00:06:05,120 showing the different cultures and the different daily life that they had in the 13th century. 43 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:17,680 And here we have the School of Translators, la Escuela de Traductores de Toledo, which was very useful to share the knowledge between the Muslims, the Jews and the Christians. 44 00:06:17,680 --> 00:06:33,120 Thanks to this school, the Greek knowledge from the past came into Europe because from Greek they translate to Arabic and from Arabic they translate to Latin. 45 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:41,120 So once they had the books in Latin, the culture and the knowledge started to spread through Europe. 46 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:49,120 So the School of Translators was very important in the Middle Ages to share the ASEAN knowledge. 47 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:55,120 So here you have a video that you have to watch. 48 00:06:55,120 --> 00:07:09,120 and this video is a this one is a half an hour okay for this reason the explanation is too short 49 00:07:25,120 --> 00:08:14,360 During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Christian kingdoms of the north began to 50 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:15,740 a salir de su aislamiento.