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So what we are going to see in this third epigraph, in this third point of this unit is the characteristics of the war. As you can understand, this Second World War was different from the first one. It has things in common, but it's going to be huge, it's going to be bigger, but it's going to be more destructive than the first one.

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So let's begin. The key idea is that in this war, the two sides in this war, they were incompatible. It means they need to destroy one or the other. It was impossible to survive a totalitarian regime along with democracies.

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It cannot survive this specific type of political system.

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It means the totalitarian regimes wanted to control the other countries, the other races that they were inferior.

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They wanted to use war in order to achieve their goals, their nationalist goals and their racist goals.

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So the idea is, the key idea of this Second World War is that these two sides, the democratic side and the totalitarian Nazi fascist side, they were incompatible, okay, they cannot survive together, okay, so the idea is all the democratic states win the match or the totalitarian countries win the match.

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Why? Because the totalitarian regimes were not compatible with the democracies, okay?

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Remember, the ones that started this war were the totalitarian regimes, was Italy and was Germany,

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that they wanted to expand to create these empires, and they have this racist conception

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of international relations and also nationalism, so that they needed to expand and to control the

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others the ones that they are inferior okay so this is the key idea the key

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point the key idea of the second world war

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is that that both sides in this world they were incompatible so

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they cannot survive together they it could only prevail

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prevalecer destroying the other okay so one of the sides is going to win and

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this one that is going to win is going to do it destroying the

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opponent okay so first there are going to be three main characteristics the first one is

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that we talk about a total war it is a total war because of its geographical dimension okay

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it's going to involve many different countries not only the european countries but also japan

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the u.s the latin american countries the different colonies the whole world is going to be fighting

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in this war okay there are going to be battles in the five continents okay there are going

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to be battles in Asia there are going to be battles in Africa there are going to be battles

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in Europe also in some of the regions of the American territory in the Aleutian Islands

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so the idea is there are going to be fights there are going to be battles everywhere everywhere

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so the idea is a total war because of these geographical dimensions okay all these countries

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except for the purple ones are going to fight in this war okay so it means most of the world

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almost 100 of the countries in the world were fighting in this second world war okay

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so as i said there are going to be military operations in europe asia africa and oceania

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they are not talking about america there are because they are a few battles so it's not that

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much but they are going to be battles in Europe Asia Africa and Oceania okay so

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that's the idea we talk about the total war because he is going to affect to

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almost or is going to involve almost all the states all the countries in the

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world remember 50 million soldiers involved in the conflict there are going

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to be around 60 million people die okay 60 million casualties okay but 50

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million soldiers involved in the conflict remember Spain today nowadays

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has 46 million people approximately 46 million people so it means it's like

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taking all the population in Spain even the babies with weapons in order to

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fight and it would be and we we will we will need four more million people in

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order to imagine the quantity of soldiers fighting in this war so that's

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why it's a total war because it's going to be everywhere in the world is we we

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are going to have battles in the different country in different

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continents and also there are going to be involved 50 million soldiers okay

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these are the casualties as you can check in absolute numbers okay the

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country that is going to lose more a more population is going to be the

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Soviet Union is 10 million civilians and 7.5 million of

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soldiers okay so it's going to be the 12% of the population of Russia if you

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check Poland is going to have a less casualties but the percentage of

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population lost during this conflict is going to be higher 14 percent of the

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population please let's check this you see Poland you see Germany okay you see

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Italy you see the Netherlands but let's check China 3.5 million militants 10

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million civilians and remember China is only it has been invaded by Japan that's

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it so the Japanese army is going to execute 10 million civilians 10 million

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civilians a lot of people so when we are talking about the Second World War we

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need to think of these people of China China is going to suffer a lot in this

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Second World War okay it's 2.2 percent of population okay but it's going to be

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a lot in absolute numbers as well as in the Soviet Union okay so that's it in

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case of the United States is almost 300,000 people remember Japan is going

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to lose most of the civilians that they are going to die or an important part

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are going to be they are going to die during the bombs and you see is 1

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million two hundred twenty thousand a soldiers dead in this country okay so

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this is a these are the data about the people dead during this this conflict

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okay so the Soviet Union okay we talk about civilians we talk about the total

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people and we talk about soldiers okay so as you can see is 29 million okay in

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total okay here is Poland here is Germany please understand that in in

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Poland when we talk about civilians we are talking most of them are going to be

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Jews that they are going to be executed exterminated in the in the camps okay in

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the concentration and extermination camps okay so when we talk about Poland

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most of them are going to be you okay so let's continue these are the

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Characteristics of the total war and this is an interesting chart. Okay. I want you to check this chart

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Okay, this is a that popular opinion about who won who who what was the the nation that?

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Contributed more to defeat Germany in 1945 that would be the the translation. Okay, so in May 14

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1945 in France

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57 percent of population thought that the Soviet Union was the most important country the country that

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contributed more to defeat Germany. At 20% the US and 12% Great Britain.

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But in May 1994, almost 50 years later, the situation has changed.

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The propaganda, the American propaganda, has made the people think that it was this

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the United States, the country that contributed more to defeat Germany and

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at 25% now is the Soviet Union and in 2004 more or less the percentage are the

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same so it means as soon as the war is over in May remember May the 8th for a

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1945 is one day when Germany surrendered a most of the population in France

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thought that was the Soviet Union the country that contributed more to defeat

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Germany but in 1944 and 2004 in this moment and nowadays also most of the

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population is thinking okay is the US the country that contributed more but in

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fact if you check the data that we were talking about before okay of course in

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the Soviet Union the one that is going to suffer more casualties if we compare

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it with a the United States okay so there is no comparison with the United

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States so the second characteristic is the mobilization of the population and

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economy for military purpose it means due to this total war the different

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governments are going to intervene the economy and they are going to force the

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population to move or to contribute to this military effort okay so the thing

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is the civil population is going to be affected by the bombings you know that

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okay this is a colonia in in Germany if you check there are few few buildings

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that they they remain they stand okay everything is almost destroyed this is the consequence of

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the the allies bombing the germans uh cities okay so everything is destroyed but imagine this

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imagine you living here imagine you living the moment when this uh when the bombings start

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because the the city wasn't empty the city was full of people so when you are bombing you go

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or you go to to a bunker in order to survive or you are going to die on the streets because of

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the fire because of the bombs etc so most of the civilians that they are going to die in germany

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are going to die during this bombing process and of course these bombings are going to make suffer

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the children the ones that they are going to suffer more are the little ones so remember

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these bombings are going to terrorize and demoralize the population why they are bombing

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the cities because they want the population to be against the Nazi

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government what they want is the population demanding to end with the war

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demanding the Nazi government to end with the war so the idea of this bombing

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is in the in first place to terrorize and demoralize the population in order

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to make them to be against their own government in the other part is to

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destroy and dismantle the enemies industrial economic organization

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remember you see here the different the bridges that they are destroyed the

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different factories destroyed so what they are attacking is the population of

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course because they want the population to be against the Nazi government to be

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demanding to end with the war and the second characteristic is because they

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want to end with the economy of the country if you can destroy the

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industrial production of Germany means that they cannot produce more bombs they

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cannot produce more tanks they cannot produce more planes etc so it means that

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you are attacking the economy of the country in order to shorten the war

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okay ideas hacer más corta la guerra de como aterrorizando la población demanda

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que acabe la guerra o atacando la industria para evidentemente acabar con

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sus recursos no military the other one the other characteristics related with

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this mobilization of the population and economy for military purposes the state

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intervention okay the state is going to intervene and it's going to organize the

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production okay and it's going to increase the workforce so the idea is

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the state is going to intervene in economy in the economy in order to

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prepare the country for the war or in order to carry out or to resist or carry

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the war okay operations so there is going to be a large-scale mobilization of women remember the men

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are fighting in the fronts the men are soldiers they are fighting and the women are going to be

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now working in the industrial factories etc so there is going to be a large scale at an

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escala large scale mobilization of women okay and also of course they are going to suffer this

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a shortage of food and consumer goods it means they are going to suffer from this they are going

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to suffer a lack of food and consumer goods okay that's forced to rationing anything they have

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so the idea is they are going to rationing the rationing the the food they are going to rationing

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anything, okay? Consumer goods could be, I don't know, tables, chairs, anything you

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need, okay? A lamp, etc. Anything, they are going to have shortage. Quiere decir, escasez, vale?

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So the thing is, the population is going to suffer the bombings, so they are going

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to be terrorized and demoralized, and also these bombings are going to try to end

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with the enemy's industrial production. Second, there is going to be a state

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intervention in order to organize this production and mobilize this woman in

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order to produce to substitute the men in the industrial production and finally

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the shortage of food and consumer goods due to this war of course if you are

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ending with the economic production or in the

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industrial production they are not going to have food and they are not going to

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have consumer goods so remember the ones that they are going to suffer more are

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the children. The last characteristic is that that this war is also going to be

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an ideological battle. It means, remember, there are two ideologies fighting

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democracy against and liberalism of course against against Nazism and

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against fascism, okay? So the idea is they need to move the feelings of the

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population in their favor they are going to use propaganda in order to move these

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people in favor of democracy to end with fascism and the people that supports

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fascism to end with democracy remember it's a war where there is going to be

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only one winner that that only one only one of the on the other people fight or

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their groups or the sides can survive so in order to win the war both opponents

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needed to promote patriotic values it means they need to make the population

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to join the army they need to buy the population to support the democracy

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etc and encourage hatred of the enemy it means we want you to support the country

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your own country but also we want to make you feel a anger against the enemy

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okay you you need to hate the enemy okay so make them feel it's worth it to fight

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okay so the idea is it's worth it to fight is worth it to fight for democracy

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against fascism or is is is worth it to fight in favor of fascism against

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democracy so that's the idea they are going to use different ways in order to

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make the population first to support the country and the army and second to hate

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the enemy okay it's an ideological battle too it's not only a military

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battle it's also an ideological battle so let's check for example in the US

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okay here is Uncle Sam that is representing the US okay I'm telling you

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on June 28 I expect you to enlist in the army of war savers to back up my army of

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fighters so the idea is I want you to join the army the men are ready only you

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can give them wings okay so the idea is a we have soldiers but you need to work

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in order to produce the planes that they are going to use to destroy the enemy

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avenge Pearl Harbor we will revenge because of Pearl Harbor okay our bullets

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will do it here is Uncle Sam again as you can see it's America saying okay we

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will fight against the Japanese you see here the Japanese flag so we will

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a revenge we will take revenge because of what you have done so this is the ideological battle

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they are using propaganda to make people americans in this case hate the japanese or to work in the

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factories or to join the army for example americas will always fight for liberty 1778 during the

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american revolution here is in 1943 during the second world war so that's the idea the americans

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are always being fighting in favor of liberty when they try to be independent when they fight

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for their independence now against nazism against fascism okay and this is for example a communist

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propaganda, you see Hitler represented as the swastika, with these claws, these feet

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that they are like a monster, and everyone is killing it, the British and the Americans,

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the Americans and the British, and also the communists.

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So the allies, what they are going to do in this ideological battle, first to defend the

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democratic values over dictatorship a dictatorship is not acceptable we are

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going to defend democratic values second we need to maintain our fight spirit we

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need to maintain this the possibility the idea or the feeling of the

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population in order to make them willing to fight it means to keep them fight to

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maintain this fight spirit, the idea is we need to make them keep fighting, keep

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supporting the country, keep hating the enemy. So for example, next you see

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6th war loan, okay, Japan, the next is Japan, okay, you see here the bomb, the

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atomic bomb, so the idea is we have defeated Germany, now we are going to

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defeat Japan. And the Axis power, of course they are going to advocate these

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values of superiority of the Aryan race you know that okay you know Hitler was

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spreading the idea this propaganda about the Aryan race okay and also that the

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Jewish and communist conspiracy it means the Jews are the enemy the communists

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are the enemy there is a conspiracy based on these two groups okay so the

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idea is we need to eliminate the Jews you see that they are they are allies

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of the communists so we need to end with them that's why they are going to start

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killing killing them in the extermination camps and also the idea of

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the Aryan race okay we need money in order to keep fighting remember the

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blonde girl smiling the the young boy that is going to fight okay the gas mask

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they are going to use an axe okay they are going to fight against the enemy

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They are talking about the Jews, okay, fighting in the war and also the idea of the Aryan family, you know, the man, the two boys that they are going to inherit his role and here is the mother taking care of the babies because it's their role, okay.

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so you see everyone is blonde everyone is going to have a blue eyes or light light color eyes

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and you see all of them participating of this idea of Aryan race okay so that's the idea it's

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an ideological battle there are two two sides in the allied side they are going to defend

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democracy and they they need to focus on maintaining this fight spirit and the Axis

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powers are going to focus on okay there is a conspiracy an international

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conspiracy that is led by Jews Jewish people and communists and also these

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values of superiority of the alien race of course they are going to use the mass

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media the radio the films or movies the press and the propaganda posters as we

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have seen okay so that's the idea these are the three characteristics a total

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war that they are going to suffer the bombings and the population must be

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mobilize and also the the woman remember and the state intervention and finally

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this ideological battle that means that there is not going to be only a military

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battle but but also is going to be an ideological battle okay they are going

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to use all this propaganda yeah using the radio the things the press or these

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posters okay and the allies to praise for these democratic values or maintain

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the fight spirit while the Axis powers are going to defend this idea of the

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conspiracy led by the Jewish and communists and these values and

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superiority of the Aryan race