1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:04,759 Well, today we are going to talk about the society in the 17th century. As you are going to see, 2 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:12,859 this society is really close to the medieval society, to the society we saw in the 16th century and in the 15th and 16th century. 3 00:00:13,119 --> 00:00:16,399 So there are going to be small changes. The first thing is 4 00:00:16,839 --> 00:00:23,179 what we are going to see first is the differences between the regions in Europe. You are going to see that in the Atlantic Europe, 5 00:00:23,179 --> 00:00:30,440 Atlantic Europe countries like the Netherlands or England are going to be different in their 6 00:00:30,440 --> 00:00:36,500 evolution to the Southern Europe countries the Catholic countries so there is going to be a 7 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:42,920 difference between the Protestant and Catholic countries based also on the geographical areas 8 00:00:42,920 --> 00:00:49,039 they are going to be developed okay so let's see the economy the development of the economy or the 9 00:00:49,039 --> 00:00:53,320 developed in different ways depending on these European regions the first one is 10 00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:57,259 the Atlantic Protestant Europe so the idea is in this Europe what we are going 11 00:00:57,259 --> 00:01:00,979 to see is bourgeoisie is going to be strong we are going to have this 12 00:01:00,979 --> 00:01:06,019 bourgeoisie based on trading bankers etc they are going to have money a lot of 13 00:01:06,019 --> 00:01:10,819 money they are going to be bourgeoisie so they are unprivileged but they in 14 00:01:10,819 --> 00:01:14,420 some of these countries the Netherlands and England sometimes they are going to 15 00:01:14,420 --> 00:01:19,939 reach power. Remember, the society was divided in unprivileged and privileged people. These 16 00:01:19,939 --> 00:01:25,939 privileged people, nobility and clergy and the king, they have the political power. But, 17 00:01:25,939 --> 00:01:33,700 in the 17th century, in these countries, due to the development of the trading, the colonial 18 00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:39,379 trading, etc., this bourgeoisie is going to get more money. So, as they have more money, 19 00:01:39,379 --> 00:01:44,180 they are going to ask for this political power, and sometimes they are going to reach power. 20 00:01:44,180 --> 00:01:49,140 so let's see the bourgeoisie traders prosper it means they gain more money they obtain they earn 21 00:01:49,140 --> 00:01:55,379 more money through this craft and trade industries remember the textile industry in england and the 22 00:01:55,379 --> 00:02:01,700 netherlands is really important so this craft and trade industries and the colonial empires i mean 23 00:02:01,700 --> 00:02:08,500 are going to make this bourgeoisie rich so they gain political power and privileges some of them 24 00:02:08,500 --> 00:02:14,919 exceptionally not all the bourgeoisie but in these countries only in the 25 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:20,939 atlantic protestant European countries okay some of the bourgeoisie some part 26 00:02:20,939 --> 00:02:24,840 of the bourgeoisie that they are traders that they are earning a lot of money by 27 00:02:24,840 --> 00:02:30,500 manufacture selling manufactured products and trading with this 28 00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:35,120 manufactured products they are going to gain political power and privileges okay 29 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:39,919 so that's the idea okay in this Atlantic Protestant Europe a part of the world 30 00:02:39,919 --> 00:02:44,539 you see the those that they are more powerful because of this because they 31 00:02:44,539 --> 00:02:48,500 are selling these manufacturers and they are trading with this manufacturer 32 00:02:48,500 --> 00:02:53,419 produce in the colonial empires they are going to gain this political power and 33 00:02:53,419 --> 00:02:59,240 privileges okay so remember that we have these two type of companies the Eastern 34 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:04,500 and East India Company created by the British and this is in the company 35 00:03:04,500 --> 00:03:09,780 created this is in Dutch of course created for the in this case from India 36 00:03:09,780 --> 00:03:17,879 in this case for Indonesia okay so the idea is we have these two companies 37 00:03:17,879 --> 00:03:22,919 private companies ruled by the bourgeoisie they are going to gain power 38 00:03:22,919 --> 00:03:27,599 they are going to control part of the colony they are obtaining a lot of money 39 00:03:27,599 --> 00:03:33,060 so that they are going to start gaining what political power and privileges some 40 00:03:33,060 --> 00:03:39,590 of them not everyone some of them they made their countries richer of course 41 00:03:39,590 --> 00:03:42,810 because they are trading they are obtaining money and they are investing 42 00:03:42,810 --> 00:03:47,710 their money in their own countries but what is going to on the contrary what is 43 00:03:47,710 --> 00:03:50,990 going to happen in Southern Catholic Europe okay what is going to happen 44 00:03:50,990 --> 00:03:55,849 there the economy is going to barely recover barely is muy poquito 45 00:03:55,849 --> 00:04:01,229 apenas so the economy barely recovered okay of course the nobility and clergy 46 00:04:01,229 --> 00:04:06,310 are going to hold their positions they are going to maintain their power and wealth so the bourgeoisie 47 00:04:06,310 --> 00:04:11,189 is not important in southern catholic europe it's not important in portugal it's not important in 48 00:04:11,189 --> 00:04:17,430 spain it's not important in italy or greece okay it is going to be really important in europe in 49 00:04:17,430 --> 00:04:25,170 the atlantic protestant european countries so the idea is these bourgeois traders prosper in 50 00:04:25,170 --> 00:04:31,490 a protestant europe but not in catholic europe so that the pyramid the social pyramid is going 51 00:04:31,490 --> 00:04:37,649 to remain in in the southern catholic europe but is going to start changing in the atlantic 52 00:04:37,649 --> 00:04:41,649 protestant europe why because this will just see that they are going to obtain more money 53 00:04:41,649 --> 00:04:48,290 they are going to start acquiring political and political power and privileges so what else 54 00:04:48,290 --> 00:04:53,569 craft and trade industries were undeveloped in comparison with atlantic protestant europe 55 00:04:53,569 --> 00:04:59,970 it means the southern catholic europe cannot be compared with the atlantic protestant europe in 56 00:04:59,970 --> 00:05:06,449 terms of their trade industries and craft industries okay it means the manufactured 57 00:05:06,449 --> 00:05:12,769 products the trading activity is undeveloped in comparison with this one there is going to 58 00:05:12,769 --> 00:05:20,449 be trade industry and craft industry but uh it's going to be a few in comparison with the 59 00:05:20,449 --> 00:05:25,170 the bourgeoisie in the atlantic protestant europe so it's going to be undeveloped in comparison with 60 00:05:25,170 --> 00:05:32,610 these people okay so these are the the main differences between these two areas it means 61 00:05:32,610 --> 00:05:36,610 bourgeoisie is going to prosper it's going to develop it's going to obtain political power 62 00:05:36,610 --> 00:05:43,490 part of it not every every single bourgeois okay they are going to be rich rich countries 63 00:05:43,490 --> 00:05:49,649 and southern catholic europe is going to start to impoverish it means they are not going to be rich 64 00:05:49,649 --> 00:05:52,329 The economy is going to barely recover, so they are poor. 65 00:05:52,970 --> 00:05:55,009 Nobility and clergy are going to maintain their power. 66 00:05:55,230 --> 00:05:56,769 No bourgeoisie, okay? 67 00:05:57,370 --> 00:06:01,529 And these activities, these activities that they have developed by the bourgeoisie 68 00:06:01,529 --> 00:06:05,389 are not going to be developed. 69 00:06:05,870 --> 00:06:09,529 It means, in comparison, this activity is going to be undeveloped 70 00:06:09,529 --> 00:06:11,810 in comparison with the Protestant Europe, okay? 71 00:06:12,850 --> 00:06:15,410 So now what we are going to see, and we finish with this, 72 00:06:15,410 --> 00:06:23,410 with regard to the society is the the different layers of the society okay is exactly the same 73 00:06:23,410 --> 00:06:29,410 society we found in the medieval ages with the difference that we are going to have this 74 00:06:29,410 --> 00:06:35,149 the bourgeoisie okay we are going to have the high bourgeoisie and the petty the low bourgeoisie 75 00:06:35,149 --> 00:06:41,910 okay so we are going to have the nobility of course the high bourgeoisie the petty bourgeoisie 76 00:06:41,910 --> 00:06:48,870 the peasants and the beggars these are the five main layers of course inside the nobility is going 77 00:06:48,870 --> 00:06:55,910 to be the clergy okay so the the society is going to be divided first in the nobility okay remember 78 00:06:55,910 --> 00:07:02,029 they are privileged so they do not pay taxes and they are going to have the political and military 79 00:07:02,029 --> 00:07:08,050 power okay so you know the nobility in the medieval ages they have these privileges they have they 80 00:07:08,050 --> 00:07:15,430 have this political power and they keep the privileges and their power okay also they are 81 00:07:15,430 --> 00:07:19,670 going to live in palace in palaces and they are going to obtain their rents from their lands 82 00:07:19,670 --> 00:07:26,029 exactly the same we saw in the 15th century in the 16th century and even in the medieval ages 83 00:07:26,029 --> 00:07:31,189 it means a nobility that is going to have the political power that is going to control the 84 00:07:31,189 --> 00:07:37,730 military power because they are they are fighters they are knights okay they are going to they are 85 00:07:37,730 --> 00:07:42,689 to be rich so they live in palaces and they obtain their money from their lands 86 00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:50,370 okay the lands that they own and they are going to be worked by the peasants and also it's important 87 00:07:50,370 --> 00:07:55,089 that the nobility are going to be privileged so they are they are not paying taxes they do 88 00:07:55,089 --> 00:08:01,410 not pay taxes okay so that's the important part they do not pay taxes they are privileged people 89 00:08:01,410 --> 00:08:07,009 they have money because of the rents of their lands and they are going to keep the political 90 00:08:07,009 --> 00:08:12,730 and military power okay so the nobility is not going to change what is going to change is this 91 00:08:12,730 --> 00:08:19,209 the high bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie please important this high bourgeoisie is only going to 92 00:08:19,209 --> 00:08:26,509 appear in the protestant countries it means the netherlands and the uk and it's going to appear 93 00:08:26,509 --> 00:08:32,009 only in the netherlands and the uk because they are going to develop a trading activities and 94 00:08:32,009 --> 00:08:36,710 manufacturing activities they are going to invest money in order to increase the 95 00:08:36,710 --> 00:08:42,830 the manufacturer production the crafts the crafts the crafts production and 96 00:08:42,830 --> 00:08:47,850 also they are going to invest money in order to create this trading companies 97 00:08:47,850 --> 00:08:52,389 so that they are going to start trade they are going to start acquiring and 98 00:08:52,389 --> 00:09:01,220 obtaining a money from a these people okay so the high board you see they were 99 00:09:01,220 --> 00:09:06,299 important traders bankers or public officials it means they are going to be 100 00:09:06,299 --> 00:09:09,679 civil servants working for the administration they are going to be 101 00:09:09,679 --> 00:09:13,379 bankers they are going to be traders they are going to be rich because it's 102 00:09:13,379 --> 00:09:19,179 the high bourgeoisie okay we are going to see that in England and the 103 00:09:19,179 --> 00:09:23,240 Netherlands this bourgeoisie is going to gain access eventually it means not 104 00:09:23,240 --> 00:09:30,620 always not always not always eventually they gain access to political positions 105 00:09:30,620 --> 00:09:38,039 It means, eventually, this high bourgeoisie is going to obtain part of the political power of the nobility 106 00:09:38,039 --> 00:09:41,600 Eventually, not always 107 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:47,100 So the idea is, this high bourgeoisie are going to have this type of work, of jobs 108 00:09:47,100 --> 00:09:51,179 Traders, bankers, high public officials, they are going to have a lot of money 109 00:09:51,179 --> 00:09:59,220 And in England and the Netherlands, this bourgeoisie, eventually, sometimes, they gain access to political positions 110 00:09:59,220 --> 00:10:02,919 And they pay taxes of course because they are unprivileged 111 00:10:02,919 --> 00:10:07,559 So remember, privileged people, unprivileged people 112 00:10:07,559 --> 00:10:09,639 So all these people pay taxes 113 00:10:09,639 --> 00:10:12,519 All these people do not have political power 114 00:10:12,519 --> 00:10:17,600 Except sometimes for this high bourgeoisie in England and the Netherlands 115 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:22,679 That as they are really rich because of their traders and bankers 116 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:27,019 They are going to gain access to these political positions 117 00:10:27,019 --> 00:10:33,379 okay let's see that we are we are talking about this high bourgeoisie that is here so now we are 118 00:10:33,379 --> 00:10:39,679 going to talk about the petty bourgeoisie okay we are talking about artisans merchants etc so 119 00:10:39,679 --> 00:10:46,399 artisans is small-scale traders and lovers okay so people that they work when we talk about the 120 00:10:46,399 --> 00:10:53,120 petty bourgeoisie the low bourgeoisie petty means a Baja noblesse a Baja bourgeoisie perdon o pequeña 121 00:10:53,120 --> 00:11:02,899 So, the idea is they were artisans, they are going to work in the cities, but they are 122 00:11:02,899 --> 00:11:10,240 going to be working, they are not going to earn that much money in comparison with the 123 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:11,240 hard burguesy. 124 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:16,899 So, these petty burguesy are not going to earn that much money, they are going to be 125 00:11:16,899 --> 00:11:22,179 artisans, small scale traders and laborers, they live in the cities and they are going 126 00:11:22,179 --> 00:11:27,860 to work in the cities and of course they pay taxes and they were badly affected by the crisis 127 00:11:27,860 --> 00:11:33,659 it means the high bourgeoisie is not going to be that much affected by the economic crisis by the 128 00:11:33,659 --> 00:11:39,039 agricultural and demographic crisis because they have a lot of money and they are obtaining some 129 00:11:39,039 --> 00:11:45,220 of them political positions political power but this petty bourgeoisie that is the bourgeoisie 130 00:11:45,220 --> 00:11:52,840 that is a poorer in comparison with the high bourgeoisie is not poor they are poorer it means 131 00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:58,759 they have less money than the high bourgeoisie but they are not poor they have more money much 132 00:11:58,759 --> 00:12:03,620 more money than the peasants and the beggars of course so this petty bourgeoisie is going to be 133 00:12:03,620 --> 00:12:11,820 affected by the crisis they pay taxes as the high bourgeoisie do and this petty bourgeoisie are 134 00:12:11,820 --> 00:12:16,779 to be artisans small-scale traders etc it means people that they are not going to earn that much 135 00:12:16,779 --> 00:12:23,980 money in comparison with the high bourgeoisie okay the peasants vast majority of the population 136 00:12:23,980 --> 00:12:30,860 most of the population are present around 80 percent okay and of course they are going to be 137 00:12:30,860 --> 00:12:37,580 vulnerable vulnerable vulnerable during the agricultural crisis it means they have no money 138 00:12:37,580 --> 00:12:45,500 they live out of the the agriculture so if there are bad harvest or they they cannot produce that 139 00:12:45,500 --> 00:12:51,259 much they are going to be really affected by this agricultural crisis they were poor of course and 140 00:12:51,259 --> 00:12:57,480 they pay taxes so remember unprivileged people privileged people privileged people do not pay 141 00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:03,500 taxes they have the political power and they live in palace in palaces however you see they are rich 142 00:13:03,500 --> 00:13:10,679 They pay taxes, they are not privileged, but, eventually, sometimes, these people with that 143 00:13:10,679 --> 00:13:17,379 much money, in England and the Netherlands, they gain access to political positions. 144 00:13:17,379 --> 00:13:18,379 Sometimes. 145 00:13:18,379 --> 00:13:25,320 While the petty bourgeoisie, they have less money, they are artisans, they are small-scale 146 00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:30,059 traders, and they are going to be affected by the crisis and pay taxes. 147 00:13:30,059 --> 00:13:35,620 The peasants, vast majority of the population, they are poor and they pay taxes, ok? 148 00:13:35,620 --> 00:13:40,720 They are going to be vulnerable during the agricultural crisis because of that, it means 149 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:49,340 because this agricultural crisis is going to make them, is going to make them die, ok? 150 00:13:49,340 --> 00:13:53,759 Because they live out of the agriculture, so if there is an agricultural crisis they 151 00:13:53,759 --> 00:13:58,539 are going to produce less, they are not going to have food to eat, so they are going to 152 00:13:58,539 --> 00:13:59,539 die. 153 00:13:59,539 --> 00:14:03,399 In comparison with these people, okay that they have more money 154 00:14:04,399 --> 00:14:09,519 Finally the beggars, okay increase in numbers and live in the cities, los mendigos 155 00:14:09,620 --> 00:14:13,299 That's the translation so people that they are going to live in the cities 156 00:14:14,039 --> 00:14:18,960 Due to the crisis during the 17th century their number is going to increase 157 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:26,200 Okay, so they are going to increase in number due to this crisis, the agricultural crisis, the demographic crisis and economic crisis in general 158 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:32,120 So in the 17th century we have more beggars, they live in cities, and they are going to 159 00:14:32,120 --> 00:14:35,019 depend on this, on charity, in order to survive. 160 00:14:35,019 --> 00:14:38,600 Depends on the money that the nobility, the high bourgeoisie are going to give to these 161 00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:43,919 people if they want to survive, or the clergy. 162 00:14:43,919 --> 00:14:49,580 So this is the society, the society divided in these five layers, privilege and privileged 163 00:14:49,580 --> 00:14:57,179 people you can see it here okay privilege nobility and clergy and privilege high bourgeoisie petty 164 00:14:57,179 --> 00:15:01,960 bourgeoisie peasants and beggars remember the high bourgeoisie in england and the netherlands they 165 00:15:01,960 --> 00:15:09,080 could eventually gain political power okay not always they pay taxes as all the unprivileged 166 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:13,639 people and they are traders and markets but they are rich that's important they are rich 167 00:15:13,639 --> 00:15:18,879 the petty bourgeoisie is not going to be rich but they are going to have money they are going to be 168 00:15:18,879 --> 00:15:25,059 artisans small-scale traders okay and they pay taxes however the the economic 169 00:15:25,059 --> 00:15:31,440 crisis are going to affect this petit bourgeoisie more than the high bourgeoisie 170 00:15:31,440 --> 00:15:35,740 finally the peasants and the vegas the peasants are the vast majority of the 171 00:15:35,740 --> 00:15:40,360 population they are poor and they pay taxes also they are going to be highly 172 00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:46,299 vulnerable to the agricultural crisis of course because they depend on 173 00:15:46,299 --> 00:15:51,659 agriculture in order to survive. And the vegas they increase in number during this economic 174 00:15:51,659 --> 00:15:56,700 crisis in the 17th century they are going to live in cities but if they want to survive they need 175 00:15:56,700 --> 00:16:03,820 charity they are going to survive due to charity. So in the next video we will talk about the 176 00:16:03,820 --> 00:16:06,220 political system in the 17th century.