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hello everyone welcome to this first video of 2021 we start with unit number six

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in our notebook lymphatic and excretory system point number one is the lymphatic system so if

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you didn't have class by the time that you watch the video leave a blank page and start on a new

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one so basically basically sorry about it you need to leave one blank page for the lymphatic system

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the next one for the exercises that we'll do and then we'll start on the next page which will be

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point number two the excretory system now get ready to copy the definition of excretion

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excretion elimination of waste substances produced by the activity of the body's cells

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and of some substances of which there is an excess

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now we start with our first point of the excretory system 2.1 waste products

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we're going to see what type of products we have in our body that we don't want and we want to

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release of them so basically we're gonna make a flaps yes beautiful nice we're gonna make

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four flaps like this it's like an accordion but with an arrow so you need a piece of paper of

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10 centimeters long, 3 centimeters wide, which you will divide it into five different parts.

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One, two, three, four, five.

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When you have it ready, you fold it as an accordion, as you can see, okay?

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And you glue this part on your knot, so we can open and close.

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We need four of them.

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On the first piece of paper, we are going to write urea, urea, where does it come from?

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It comes from amino acids, where have we seen the amino acids, do you remember?

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It was with the proteins, remember the biomolecules, we said that proteins were made of amino acids,

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so imagine that we are eating, for example some meat, and we have some amino acids that

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are good for our body but there are some others that we don't want we have an excess of amino

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acid so these amino acids we need to get rid of them so this urea is produced by the liver

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where did we see the liver we saw it in the digestive system we said that it was a very

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very important organ because one of the function apart from producing the bile it was to detoxify

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the body so the liver is going to take the amino acid and transform it into urea then the urea is

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sent by the blood to the kidneys to be it's excreted so it goes to the kidneys and there

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it forms the urine urine it's going to get out of our body but there is another substance that

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is really good for our body but an excess of them is not good imagine that we don't release any

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water with it okay we'll be getting bigger and bigger and bigger and we don't want that okay

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so we need to take some water out of our body as well so from where does it come from from

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cellular respiration yeah that one that it was produced in an organelle inside our cell which was

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It was the mitochondria, so in the mitochondria, when we get glucose, we get oxygen, we release

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carbon dioxide and water as well in the cellular respiration.

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So it's produced by every single cell of our body because every single cell of our body

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does have mitochondria, so it's a cell of the body.

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are the organs that excrete this water so we have the kidneys we also have the lungs and our skin

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how do they do the kidneys produce urine urine urine the lungs

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produce water vapor which is going to be excreted when we exhalate and the skin

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produces sweat and it's a very warm day our skin produces sweat which it contains water

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carbon dioxide where do we have it we have it from also cellular respiration

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in the cellular respiration we said we get energy but we also release carbon dioxide

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So, where is it produced? By every single cell of the body. How do we excrete the carbon dioxide?

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We have already seen it. It was in an organ that was related to the respiratory system,

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which are the lungs. So, the lungs are responsible for excreting carbon dioxide in the form of

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exhalation. When we exhalate we release the carbon dioxide. Finally, there are some substances

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that we get inside our body but maybe our cells cannot get all of it and we need to release some

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of the substances. For example, we have drugs. Here in drugs I include medicine, for example

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paracetamol okay but also alcohol for example is a drug that we need to get rid of we also have some

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pesticides including chemicals that sometimes we eat with our food and also some preservatives

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preservatives that are in the food as well and our body cannot get a use of them so they are not

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assimilated by cells and then they are sent to the liver so the liver can convert them in a way that

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they can get out of the body they are excreted either by the kidneys or by the intestine because

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we said that the liver produced bile that goes to the intestine and sometimes it can stop it has

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some toxic products but most of them will go to the kidney so they form urine

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and we get rid of these substances by urine but sometimes also by the feces so we have more

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substances that we need to get rid of when we have the excretion but for now

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we need to learn about urea water carbon dioxide and strange substances

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Now let's learn more about the different organs that compound the excretory system

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2.2 Anatomy of the excretory system

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Here you will have to make a drawing of the urinary system

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with all the different organs

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and which are the organs that are part of this system

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we have the kidneys these are the most important organs and also we have the urinary tracts

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the urinary tracts are going to be responsible to get the urine out of our body so

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we have three urinary tracts we have the ureters we have the urinary bladder

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sorry double d which in spanish we call it vejiga and the urethra kidneys plus urinary tracts

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after making the drawing of the whole anatomy of the urinary system you're gonna make a

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the drawing of a section of the kidneys okay so you're going to draw the different part of it

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And, basically, the kidneys, yeah, you need to copy this too, okay, the different parts of the kidneys are formed by one single unit, they are formed by nephrons, okay, nephrons are the ones that are going to filter the blood and produce urine.

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so the function of let's say function of these neurons nephrons make a beautiful star not like my

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function so basically two functions first of all filtering blood and second forming urine

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and now make the drawing of the different sections of the kidneys that's all for today i hope you

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make very beautiful drawings, don't forget to use colors!