1 00:00:00,430 --> 00:00:07,690 So, let's going to continue with the next point of the unit, which is that related to the European population, right? 2 00:00:07,690 --> 00:00:09,929 So, population distribution. 3 00:00:10,669 --> 00:00:16,789 Europe's population density is about 121 inhabitants per square kilometer. 4 00:00:17,570 --> 00:00:25,329 The countries with the highest population densities are Monaco, Belgium, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. 5 00:00:25,329 --> 00:00:31,329 Among the less populated countries in Europe are Norway, Sweden and Finland. 6 00:00:31,329 --> 00:00:39,329 It's an important data. About 75% of the European population lives in urban areas. 7 00:00:39,329 --> 00:00:45,329 So they live in cities, small cities or big cities, but urban areas, right? 8 00:00:45,329 --> 00:00:51,329 The biggest cities are Moscow, Paris, London, Madrid, Berlin, Rome and Athens. 9 00:00:51,329 --> 00:01:10,689 Paris, 20,909 km2, L'Hospital de Llobregat, 20,336 km2, and Athens, 19,135 km2, are the most densely populated cities in Europe. 10 00:01:10,689 --> 00:01:17,150 And here you have the map with the inhabitants of the different European countries, right? 11 00:01:17,590 --> 00:01:18,629 Different colors. 12 00:01:18,629 --> 00:01:28,469 Let's going to move on to the next point, which is the characteristics of the population of Spain. 13 00:01:28,469 --> 00:01:35,349 So in this unit, we are learning about the concepts that are important in order to know 14 00:01:35,349 --> 00:01:41,549 about demography and population. And now we are learning about the population in Europe and the 15 00:01:41,549 --> 00:01:47,609 population in Spain, right? We will focus on Spain. So we are learning a little bit about Europe, 16 00:01:47,609 --> 00:01:55,769 but this part will be focused on the data from Spain, right? 17 00:01:57,370 --> 00:01:59,849 Characteristics of the population of Spain. 18 00:02:01,370 --> 00:02:05,849 The population of Spain increased steadily during the 20th century. 19 00:02:05,849 --> 00:02:10,650 In 1900 there were approximately 18 million of inhabitants in Spain. 20 00:02:10,650 --> 00:02:15,370 Today Spain's population is about 46 million. 21 00:02:15,370 --> 00:02:22,729 And here you have a graph, right? With the population of Spain in the last centuries, 22 00:02:22,729 --> 00:02:34,969 right? The last centuries in 1900 and in 2016, right? Positive natural increase. Although the 23 00:02:34,969 --> 00:02:41,530 birth rate has not increased, the death rate has decreased. Like other European countries, 24 00:02:41,530 --> 00:02:50,169 Spain has more elderly people than even before, which means it has an aging population, right? 25 00:02:50,969 --> 00:02:56,889 The birth rate has not increased. The birth rate is a number of children per female or per family, 26 00:02:56,889 --> 00:03:10,729 right? Here in 1900 each family had an average of five kids, right? And today the average is 27 00:03:10,729 --> 00:03:23,689 1.3, right? So the birth rate has not increased, has decreased, right? In 1995 it was 28 00:03:24,650 --> 00:03:36,250 even lower but now is 1.3. And the death rate has also decreased because 29 00:03:36,250 --> 00:03:48,330 Because the life expectancy was in 1900 of 35 years. 30 00:03:48,650 --> 00:03:53,189 The life expectancy was 35 years. 31 00:03:53,669 --> 00:03:57,569 Which means that you were an elder people. 32 00:03:57,569 --> 00:04:09,090 Now, which means that people usually died when they were 35 or surrounded the 35 years, right? 33 00:04:09,729 --> 00:04:15,330 Fortunately, today, the life expectancy has increased, right? 34 00:04:15,409 --> 00:04:20,029 It's surrounded the 85, 80 something, right? 35 00:04:20,029 --> 00:04:48,009 So, the death rate has decreased because we have medicines, right, because the life expectancy is higher, right, but we have an aging population, so we will have the same problem that we have seen when we read about Europe. 36 00:04:48,009 --> 00:04:58,709 Because in the future, we are going to have the same people over 65 years and that's young people. 37 00:04:58,850 --> 00:05:11,790 So we won't have enough people to support the pensions and to support the insurance service or the public services. 38 00:05:12,029 --> 00:05:14,189 So we will have a problem with it. 39 00:05:15,689 --> 00:05:17,689 Positive actual increase. 40 00:05:18,009 --> 00:05:24,709 many people come to Spain that many more people come to Spain to live it right 41 00:05:24,709 --> 00:05:30,250 there are now more than 4 million immigrants living here in Spain most 42 00:05:30,250 --> 00:05:35,829 come to Spain looking for work and a better life or because of natural 43 00:05:35,829 --> 00:05:44,610 disaster or social problems in their own countries right so we have we have a 44 00:05:44,610 --> 00:05:50,850 population of around the 46 million inhabitants and four million of them are immigrants. 45 00:05:51,490 --> 00:05:57,970 Life expectancy. Life expectancy, as I told you, is the average number of years that a person 46 00:05:57,970 --> 00:06:08,769 is expected to live. In 1900 the average life expectancy in Spain was 35 years. 47 00:06:08,769 --> 00:06:19,509 Fortunately, I am in 2020. Now, it's about 83 years, although this number varies from men and women. 48 00:06:21,629 --> 00:06:38,389 Spain's longevity is one of the highest in the world. Life expectancy in Spain has increased since 1900 because medical care and hygiene have improved. 49 00:06:38,389 --> 00:06:46,790 and nutritious food is more widely available, right. So here you have the graph and we will 50 00:06:46,790 --> 00:06:54,660 see the difference between men and women, right. And let's going to see the last part of this unit 51 00:06:54,660 --> 00:07:01,939 which is the distribution of the Spain population, right. Spain has, well I have one more page, 52 00:07:01,939 --> 00:07:07,860 we have one more page but it's one more page but it's really easy. The distribution of the Spanish 53 00:07:07,860 --> 00:07:13,620 population. Spain has a population density of 93 inhabitants per square kilometers but 54 00:07:14,420 --> 00:07:21,459 that density changes if we are talking about one place or another place. This is low compared to 55 00:07:21,459 --> 00:07:29,060 other European countries and 80 percent of Spanish inhabitants live in urban areas, right? They would 56 00:07:29,060 --> 00:07:33,860 like to live in the village now that we have to stay at home but we live in urban areas so we have 57 00:07:33,860 --> 00:07:42,259 to stay at home. The most densely populated areas in Spain are large cities and coastal regions, 58 00:07:42,259 --> 00:07:48,259 right? And here I'm going to try to make it bigger but I don't know if it's going to work. 59 00:07:48,259 --> 00:07:55,300 No, I'm going to try just to put it for you. Too much maybe. Right, you will see more than 60 00:07:55,300 --> 00:08:00,339 five million people in the community of Madrid. The autonomous community of Madrid has more than 61 00:08:00,339 --> 00:08:09,860 six million people living in this small place, right? From one to five million people, right? 62 00:08:09,860 --> 00:08:17,379 Those areas, no, those areas, Asturias, some parts of Galicia, some provinces in Andalusia, 63 00:08:17,379 --> 00:08:25,699 the coastal areas, Canary Island, Balearic Island, right? And we will see that fewer than 64 00:08:25,699 --> 00:08:40,519 25,000 people, right? So we have Castillas, right? Soria, Segovia, Avila, Zamora, Valencia, 65 00:08:40,519 --> 00:08:56,279 West Catedral, right? And we have areas that are empty areas, right? We will see, yes, during the 66 00:08:56,279 --> 00:09:04,080 60s many people from the central areas of Spain moved to work to Madrid or they immigrated to 67 00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:10,620 Catalonia to work and that's the reason why they have a lot of people living on 68 00:09:10,620 --> 00:09:18,039 there and we have that part of Spain almost empty not empty but with a lower 69 00:09:18,039 --> 00:09:27,899 population density and we will say the migration trends in Spain let me put it 70 00:09:27,899 --> 00:09:34,600 for you to have a look on it yes much better oops and we will continue with 71 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:42,159 this point. Migration trends in Spain. There are three types of migratory movements. International 72 00:09:42,159 --> 00:09:48,980 immigration, international internal migration, and international immigration. During the 20th 73 00:09:48,980 --> 00:09:56,340 century, Spain experienced all three, right? International immigration. International 74 00:09:56,340 --> 00:10:02,159 immigration is when people leave their own country to move to another country. In the first half of 75 00:10:02,159 --> 00:10:10,320 the 20th century, many Spanish people emigrated to the Americas. In the 60s and 70s, people started 76 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:17,879 emigrating to European countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, right? You will 77 00:10:17,879 --> 00:10:27,960 see here, right? The first half of the 20th century, which people emigrate from Spain to 78 00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:38,080 the Americas, right? And here you see how they emigrated to the European countries, right? 79 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:47,700 Internal migration. Internal migration is when people move from one area to another area in 80 00:10:47,700 --> 00:10:53,840 their own country. So, you have the example. Your teachers, Eunice and Laura, are from different 81 00:10:53,840 --> 00:10:59,059 cities in Spain and they are working, we are working in, we are living in Madrid because we 82 00:10:59,059 --> 00:11:06,580 have a job here, right? In the second half of the 20th century, about 4 million people from rural 83 00:11:06,580 --> 00:11:14,139 areas moved to cities to find work in factories. This process is known as rural exodus. You will 84 00:11:14,139 --> 00:11:19,360 have, I don't know if you have village in which you spend the summer or the holidays in which your 85 00:11:19,360 --> 00:11:27,759 grand your grandparents live but you will see that with a simple example for instance 86 00:11:27,759 --> 00:11:36,320 in my village in summer there are many many people living on it but when the winter came 87 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:44,000 they moved to the city because they bought a house in the city in the capital city 88 00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:51,840 in Burgos, because in the 60s they moved to work and they moved to the city, but they kept the 89 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:59,779 house they have from the village. This is rural exodus, right? Various consequences, overcrowded 90 00:11:59,779 --> 00:12:08,179 cities, ciudades con mucha población. Environmental problems such as air of water pollution in the 91 00:12:08,179 --> 00:12:18,419 big city, in the biggest cities. High unemployment among rural immigrants. Yes, and the places 92 00:12:22,419 --> 00:12:30,340 that are empty, they lose the opportunities they have to grow and to exist because they will 93 00:12:30,340 --> 00:12:38,179 disappear sooner or later and lack of food supplies if no ones work in the countryside 94 00:12:38,179 --> 00:12:46,659 you won't have olive oil you won't have meat you won't have food right because we need people 95 00:12:46,659 --> 00:12:56,100 working on the countryside growing the fields and helping us to have food right so here you have 96 00:12:56,100 --> 00:13:01,259 the main areas of emigration the ones who move to the other place right the 97 00:13:01,259 --> 00:13:07,980 Castillas, Extremadura part of Andalusia and Galicia too right other areas of 98 00:13:07,980 --> 00:13:12,899 emigration and the main areas of immigration and on the foreign todos 99 00:13:12,899 --> 00:13:17,080 right in Burgos and the north of a Castilla to the Basque country and to 100 00:13:17,080 --> 00:13:23,580 Madrid and in Andalusia to Barcelona and in some parts of the north of 101 00:13:23,580 --> 00:13:32,059 Spain to Barcelona too. And later we have those places in which we have textile factories, right? 102 00:13:32,700 --> 00:13:41,259 And here this part of Andalusia. And just we are going to have a look on these two pages in which 103 00:13:41,259 --> 00:13:48,940 they talk about international immigration. Sorry, let me write. International immigration is when 104 00:13:48,940 --> 00:13:55,100 people moved from one country to another country. At the end of the 20th century, the situation 105 00:13:55,100 --> 00:14:01,899 changed in Spain and Spain started receiving immigrants from other countries. In 2015, 106 00:14:01,899 --> 00:14:08,539 there were about 4.4 million immigrants in Spain. Most of them were from Romania, Morocco, the 107 00:14:08,539 --> 00:14:15,899 United Kingdom, Italy and Ecuador. You will see here the distribution of immigrants in Spain. 108 00:14:15,899 --> 00:14:27,740 As you can see, people move to the places in which they can find a job, right? So, in Barcelona and 109 00:14:27,740 --> 00:14:36,539 Madrid, more than the 13%, right? And in the coastal, because of the tourists, they are 110 00:14:36,539 --> 00:14:42,620 touristic areas in which you can find a job to work, right? And you will see that fewer than 111 00:14:42,620 --> 00:14:51,259 the four percent of the immigrants came to that area. And that's all, this is the end of the unit 112 00:14:51,259 --> 00:15:00,220 and you will have some exercise on the on the page that I sent you with the homework. Bye bye!