1 00:00:32,939 --> 00:00:49,060 Codex Calixtinus. Have you ever seen a codex? A codex is an ancient book. It is usually decorated with beautiful designs in gold, silver or brilliant colors. 2 00:00:49,060 --> 00:01:05,260 I am the Codex Callistinus. The Codex Callistinus is one of the most important works of art in Spain. It's very important because it's one of the first progressives for the figurines on their way to Santiago de Compostela. 3 00:01:05,260 --> 00:01:14,200 It also includes advertisements, including descriptions of the route and explanations of the local customs. 4 00:01:14,659 --> 00:01:18,819 Look, feel me, I have your way. And go! 5 00:01:19,719 --> 00:01:31,109 On 5th of July of 2011, the Codex Calisthenos was stolen from the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. 6 00:01:31,629 --> 00:01:38,280 After a year of investigation, the police arrested a worker from the cathedral. 7 00:01:38,280 --> 00:01:43,219 He was hiding the codex in a garage with only his papers and rubies. 8 00:01:55,450 --> 00:02:00,349 The Iberian Peninsula was divided into four large Christian kingdoms. 9 00:02:01,390 --> 00:02:08,449 The Crown of Aragon, the Crown of Castillo, the Kingdom of Navarre and my kingdom, the Kingdom of Portugal. 10 00:02:09,229 --> 00:02:12,949 This period of time is called the Christian Reconquist. 11 00:02:14,129 --> 00:02:18,949 I'm the King of the Visible and I order my army to... 12 00:02:19,710 --> 00:02:22,710 to defeat the muslims. 13 00:02:22,710 --> 00:02:30,710 I'm the muslim king and I order my army to defend the kingdom. 14 00:02:30,710 --> 00:02:34,710 Uh-huh, I'm Visigoth army. 15 00:02:34,710 --> 00:02:40,129 Muslim army! 16 00:02:40,129 --> 00:03:00,120 Yes! We won! And we have all the territory! 17 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:09,120 Yuppie! Yuppie! Yuppie! Yes! We won! Thanks to my army! 18 00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:28,060 Society. Society in the Christian Kingdoms was divided into three social groups. 19 00:03:28,060 --> 00:03:35,060 The king, the clergy and the Christians. The king was the highest political authority. 20 00:03:35,060 --> 00:03:43,060 The kings in the Christian Kingdoms gave land to the nobles. In exchange, they protected the king and the land. 21 00:03:43,060 --> 00:03:45,060 Novel men live in castles. 22 00:03:45,060 --> 00:03:47,060 Society. 23 00:03:47,060 --> 00:03:50,060 The clergy includes bishops and monks. 24 00:03:50,060 --> 00:03:54,060 They carry out religious and cultural activities. 25 00:03:54,060 --> 00:03:57,060 Monks live in monasteries. 26 00:03:58,060 --> 00:04:03,550 Hello, I am a peasant. 27 00:04:03,550 --> 00:04:07,550 In the Middle Ages, most of the population are peasants. 28 00:04:07,550 --> 00:04:10,550 We work the land. The majority are serfs. 29 00:04:10,550 --> 00:04:13,550 This means that we serve a nobleman 30 00:04:13,550 --> 00:04:18,550 A nobleman cultivating, nobleman's man giving some crops to him. 31 00:04:18,550 --> 00:05:02,110 Hello, I am a medieval architect and I want to explain city life. 32 00:05:02,110 --> 00:05:09,110 In the Middle Ages, most of the population were peasants who lived in small villages. 33 00:05:09,110 --> 00:05:14,110 However, as a result of growth in trade, cities grew bigger and bigger. 34 00:05:14,110 --> 00:05:21,709 Many of the cities had a castle, a cathedral, or a church, a city hall, a palace, or a marketplace. 35 00:05:21,709 --> 00:05:27,110 Cities were organized by neighborhoods or districts. 36 00:05:27,110 --> 00:05:32,509 They were surrounded by walls, and city gates are closed at night. 37 00:05:32,509 --> 00:05:39,509 Many people were pregnant, for example, campers, wavers, and goldsmiths. 38 00:05:39,509 --> 00:05:47,110 Other people were traders or merchants. They trade products in marketplaces and trading fairs. 39 00:05:47,750 --> 00:05:54,949 Cities became rich and could build palaces, cathedrals and universities. 40 00:05:57,110 --> 00:06:01,589 Hello, I am a merchant and I trade with products like this 41 00:06:02,870 --> 00:06:06,149 in the marketplaces and in trading fairs. Do you like it? 42 00:06:06,149 --> 00:06:27,000 Unique setting, architecture of the Middle Ages. Today we can still see examples of the Middle Ages. 43 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:34,000 These buildings include examples of Olandalus and Gothic Romanesque architecture. 44 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:50,220 Maslings built beautiful buildings in Olandalus. They used materials such as clay, plaster and wood. 45 00:06:50,220 --> 00:06:57,220 I decorate walls and columns with detailed carvings and tiles. 46 00:06:57,220 --> 00:07:09,220 And to build beautiful buildings I need clay, plaster and wood. 47 00:07:09,220 --> 00:07:13,220 And to decorate walls and columns, I need 48 00:07:16,220 --> 00:07:19,560 Curvings, no, ties and curvings 49 00:07:20,500 --> 00:07:23,819 Some typical architectures are 50 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:27,040 horses arches 51 00:07:29,740 --> 00:07:31,740 Painted and rounded arches 52 00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:34,800 and domes and 53 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:40,959 and courtyards with fountains and buoys. 54 00:07:51,660 --> 00:07:56,540 Roman architecture includes many churches, monasteries and cathedrals, 55 00:07:56,540 --> 00:07:59,980 built between the 10th and 12th centuries. This building had 56 00:07:59,980 --> 00:08:05,740 thick solid walls and small, narrow windows. Roman buildings were dark inside. They had 57 00:08:05,740 --> 00:08:11,740 rounded arches. They were decorated with frescoes of religious life. Doorways and 58 00:08:11,740 --> 00:08:18,740 and clusters, they were decorated with sculptures depicting religious stands or daily life. 59 00:08:18,740 --> 00:08:19,740 Bye! 60 00:08:19,740 --> 00:08:31,180 Gothic Architecture 61 00:08:31,180 --> 00:08:39,179 I built churches and cathedrals in the 13th and 14th centuries, with private ceilings, 62 00:08:39,179 --> 00:08:48,179 stained-glass windows that also made them bright, columns, high walls, aroused windows, 63 00:08:48,179 --> 00:08:51,679 pointy tarches and pointy daubes. 64 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:56,179 Gothic architecture includes rose windows, 65 00:08:56,179 --> 00:09:19,240 white walls, 66 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:27,360 pointy daubes, 67 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:29,220 ribbed ceiling,