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Getting rid of queues at motorway toll booths, finding exactly where you are inside a large

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building, managing agriculture with precision, monitoring the transport of animals, landing

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an aircraft to within 2 meters of the runway axis, guiding blind people and explaining

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their itinerary step by step or driving at the right speed to keep to the road and avoid

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hazards.

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All this will soon be possible thanks to Galileo, a civil program of radio navigation by satellite

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initiated by the European Commission and the European Space Agency.

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Galileo is about to be deployed and its coverage will be worldwide right from the start.

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Satellite navigation works by analyzing the differences in time between the receiver and

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a satellite equipped with an atomic clock.

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The receiver measures the time the signal takes to reach it and uses this data to calculate

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the distance.

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The position is obtained by triangulation, using satellites as reference points.

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Four visible satellites are necessary to obtain optimal information.

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After its launch in 2008, Galileo will offer two advantages compared to the current American

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GPS system.

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Firstly Galileo will emit a guaranteed continuous signal, secondly it will offer a positioning

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accurate to within 2 meters, whereas GPS is accurate only to within 15 meters.

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This precision will not only allow existing services to be improved, but also new uses

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to be developed.

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Engineers are concentrating on ways it can be used by the general public, in particular

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finding your way around a town and even inside buildings, something which at the moment is

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practically impossible.

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When Galileo comes about, the positioning will be much more accurate and much more reliable

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and we should be able to get continuous positioning not only in office blocks, but also in areas

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such as shopping malls and other indoor locations.

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Galileo will allow us to pinpoint our position everywhere, even in tunnels.

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Operators will also be able to provide so-called geo-localized services, to be able to meet

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up with friends wherever they are for instance, or find the nearest restaurant or cinema.

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It also has a safety role to play in public services.

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This driver is broken down.

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Thanks to a Galileo chip contained in his mobile phone, he can send an SOS giving his

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precise position.

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The SOS is received at the 112 emergency response center.

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A dialogue is established between the central computer and the user's mobile to get an accurate

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position.

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Once located, the call is transferred to the fire brigade so they can respond immediately.

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At the same time, the driver is informed first that his case is being dealt with and second

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that the emergency team will arrive in 15 minutes.

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In a business context, the level of accuracy of Galileo offers huge potential, particularly

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when it comes to the transfer of confidential data.

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This is an encrypted email that I have just received.

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The author of the email has embedded the known geographical locations of the intended recipients.

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I have a small Galileo enabled device in the back of my computer.

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That tells the software that I am in one of the permitted areas and therefore I can view

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the data within this email.

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To be able to function, these services and applications will use a constellation of 30

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satellites which will circle the Earth in three different orbits.

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The two first experimental satellites are currently under construction.

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One in France under the auspices of Alcatel Space Industries and the second is being built

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in England by Surrey Satellite Technology.

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They will be launched at the end of 2005 and early 2006 to test the system.

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This trial phase will then continue with the launch of the first four satellites in

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the constellation.

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But in addition to this constellation, Galileo will also work with terrestrial stations.

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It will be their job to monitor the satellites and the quality of their signals.

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The EGNOS system is a forerunner of Galileo.

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Its main goal is to improve the information transmitted by the American GPS.

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EGNOS ground stations analyse the signals, measure their errors and calculate the corrective

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information which is then transmitted to users' receivers.

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Users then have a reliable positioning fix, something particularly useful for civil aviation.

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Here in China, EGNOS has already been tested on this ferry sailing on the Yangtze River.

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EGNOS is not only operational but is also free to users.

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As is clear here, the EGNOS project and even more so its successor, Galileo, will not be

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limited to Europe.

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Other countries are involved.

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Galileo is a truly international project.

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For example, China, India and Brazil.

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But there are other countries.

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For example, Israel, which wants to participate in Galileo because Israel does not want to

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depend solely on the American GPS for security reasons that everyone can understand.

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Co-financing agreements are to be signed with Israel, India and China.

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But Galileo is also causing a flurry of interest from other countries.

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Negotiations with Ukraine and Russia are well underway to an agreement.

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Promising contacts have also been established with South Korea, Australia, the countries

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in the MEDA programme around the Mediterranean basin, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Mexico.

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GPS and Galileo are interoperable and compatible.

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Compatible means that they can both operate without interfering with one another.

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Interoperable means that they can be used together.

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And therein lies the benefit for users.

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Since the frequencies have been chosen for the system to be interoperable,

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the user sees 60 satellites.

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This is a huge advantage when you are, for example, in the city.

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You have to see four satellites at every moment to position yourself.

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And if you have 60 satellites, it is obvious that the tall buildings that obscure your

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viewing angle, with 60 satellites you have a much greater probability of seeing at least four.

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Galileo will be deployed and exploited in partnership with the private sector.

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The European Commission is finalising the procedure to select a private operator.

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There are two contending consortia in Absat and Urali.

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Both have recognised the commercial attraction of the system and the huge investment commitment

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from the private sector.

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Estimates of the size of the market based on Galileo are dizzying.

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If the gross income from radio navigation products worldwide was almost non-existent in 2001,

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by 2010 it will be 300 billion Euro.

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And it will be the general public which will feed this growth.

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As these graphs show, the consumer market represented 40% of the total in 2001.

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By 2010 it will have risen to 75%, half of which will be systems to help people move around.

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These products hardly registered on the graph in 2001.

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Compare this huge market with the financial investment in Galileo.

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Only 3.2 billion Euro, or the cost of constructing 150 kilometres of motorway.

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Position and its instant communication to others will be all pervasive,

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if you wish, ubiquitous, just like time is.

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And just like time governs at present the lives of ordinary citizens,

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so will position and its instant communication to others.

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Galileo is the first major infrastructure to bring together all of the European Union's member states.

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It will create more than 100,000 direct jobs in Europe,

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and 3 billion receivers will be in use by 2010.

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What are needed now are the right operating services and security systems to go with it.

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For that, the ball is in industry's court.

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