1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:04,240 Hello and welcome to our History Channel! Today we're going to learn about the 2 00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:11,359 early 19th century in Spain, a period from 1788 to 1833, in which we can find 3 00:00:11,359 --> 00:00:17,760 the reigns of Carlos III, the War of Independence against France, and the reign 4 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:23,359 of Fernando VII. Okay, so let's start with the reign of Carlos IV. 5 00:00:24,039 --> 00:00:27,800 Carlos IV becomes the king in 1788, 6 00:00:28,579 --> 00:00:32,179 just after his father, Carlos III, dies. 7 00:00:33,259 --> 00:00:34,719 He's a very relaxed man. 8 00:00:34,820 --> 00:00:37,439 He's not very interested in political affairs. 9 00:00:37,439 --> 00:00:40,500 So it's his prime minister, Manuel Godoy, 10 00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:45,380 who takes care of those political affairs and political decisions. 11 00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:51,000 People say that Godoy was also in love with Maria Luisa de Parma 12 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:53,439 And they had a secret affair 13 00:00:53,439 --> 00:00:56,399 So, what happened? 14 00:00:56,659 --> 00:01:00,460 You have to remember that one year after Carlos IV comes to the throne 15 00:01:00,460 --> 00:01:04,260 The French Revolution happens in 1789 16 00:01:04,260 --> 00:01:08,420 A very important revolution in our neighboring country, in France 17 00:01:08,420 --> 00:01:11,700 In France, people kill the kings 18 00:01:11,700 --> 00:01:12,620 They are beheaded 19 00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:15,959 And those kings were familiars of Carlos IV 20 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:19,920 So he's afraid that that could happen in Spain too 21 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:31,560 in 1804 napoleon bonaparte becomes the emperor of france he is a very ambitious man and he wants 22 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:38,140 to conquer all europe he knows that things in spain in the royal family are not very well 23 00:01:38,140 --> 00:01:47,560 and has a plan to conquer spain you know that spain is in between france and portugal so one 24 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:55,260 day he meets Godoy in a small village in France and he tells him that he wants to invade Portugal 25 00:01:55,260 --> 00:02:01,180 but in order to invade Portugal he needs his troops to pass through Spain to reach Portugal 26 00:02:01,180 --> 00:02:09,340 Napoleon asks permission for Godoy to pass with his troops to Portugal and in exchange for his 27 00:02:09,340 --> 00:02:14,300 permission they will divide the territories of Portugal when Napoleon conquers it Manuel Godoy 28 00:02:14,300 --> 00:02:23,180 accepts and so the French army starts passing into Spain but instead of going 29 00:02:23,180 --> 00:02:29,780 to Portugal they remain in Spain they are here Spanish people are very 30 00:02:29,780 --> 00:02:35,560 suspicious and they are started thinking what do all these people there hmm what 31 00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:42,699 are they doing here all these French soldiers the government starts losing 32 00:02:42,699 --> 00:02:48,419 credibility, and they decide that they should go to another place. They leave 33 00:02:48,419 --> 00:02:53,539 Madrid and they go to Aranjuez, which is a small village near Madrid, and there 34 00:02:53,539 --> 00:03:01,199 they have a surprise. There is a conspiracy between Fernando, the son of 35 00:03:01,199 --> 00:03:06,479 Carlos and Maria Luisa, and some other politicians, and Fernando wants his 36 00:03:06,479 --> 00:03:10,979 father to abdicate on him and get the crown, because he's losing credibility 37 00:03:10,979 --> 00:03:16,020 with all these movements of the French people, the army, and Godoy. 38 00:03:16,659 --> 00:03:22,580 Finally, Carlos accepts and is obliged to give Fernando the crown. 39 00:03:22,580 --> 00:03:27,719 Fernando is still a teenager, but he is now the king of Spain. 40 00:03:28,159 --> 00:03:35,300 This happens in 1808, and this is the Mutiny of Aranjuez. 41 00:03:35,659 --> 00:03:36,379 It's called like that. 42 00:03:36,379 --> 00:03:51,060 A little after that, the royal family together, the father, the mother, and the son, meet Napoleon in a small village in the south of France, in Bayonne. 43 00:03:51,879 --> 00:04:00,039 Napoleon convinces Fernando to give the crown back to Carlos, because he was the real king, Fernando was still young. 44 00:04:00,039 --> 00:04:12,180 And Napoleon then, using Carlos' fear of losing the crown and losing his head as his French neighbors, 45 00:04:12,659 --> 00:04:19,579 Napoleon convinces Carlos to give the crown to him in exchange of protection. 46 00:04:20,379 --> 00:04:28,120 So all the Spanish royal family go to France, to a small palace in Valenci. 47 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:38,120 and Napoleon becomes the king of Spain, but he gives the crown to his brother, Joseph Bonaparte. 48 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:48,500 And this makes the beginning of the War of Independence, in which the Spanish people will fight against the French army. 49 00:04:48,500 --> 00:04:58,000 This war will be from 1808 to 1814.