1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:06,000
Charles I of Spain and V of Germany, the Holy Roman Emperor.

2
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:11,000
Charles I was the first king of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain.

3
00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:17,000
He is the only king in history who could be considered to be the emperor of the Old and New Worlds.

4
00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:22,000
He is also considered to be the trailblazer for Europe as it is today.

5
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:29,000
Charles I of Spain and V of Germany was born in the Belgian city of Ghent in 1500.

6
00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:36,000
He was the son of Juana of Castile, Juana la Loca, and Philip of Habsburg, Philip the Handsome,

7
00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:43,000
and grandson of both the Catholic kings and of Maximilian I, the Holy Roman Emperor.

8
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:48,000
He inherited a vast empire, from his maternal grandparents, the Catholic kings,

9
00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:54,000
the crowns of Castile and Aragon, with their possessions in America, Mexico and Peru,

10
00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:58,000
Italy and some parts of North Africa.

11
00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:06,000
From his grandfather, Maximilian, he inherited Austria, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and the Franche-Comté,

12
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:09,000
as well as the rights to the title of Holy Roman Emperor,

13
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:14,000
which included the territories of what is nowadays Central Europe.

14
00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:17,000
Charles I spent his early years in the Netherlands,

15
00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:24,000
where he was educated in a French-speaking atmosphere under the tutelage of Adrien of Utrecht,

16
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:30,000
rector of the University of Louvain, who later would become Pope Adrien VI.

17
00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:36,000
The death of his grandfather, Fernando the Catholic, opened the doors of the Spanish court to him.

18
00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:43,000
He arrived in Spain in 1517, landing at the small Asturian port of Tathones.

19
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:49,000
In 1518, with the permission of his mother, Juana la Loca, the Queen in captivity,

20
00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:55,000
as well as the agreement of the courts of Castile and Aragon, he was proclaimed King of Spain.

21
00:01:55,000 --> 00:02:02,000
In 1520, on the death of his grandfather Maximilian, he was proclaimed Holy Roman Emperor,

22
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:06,000
with his coronation taking place in the German city of Aachen,

23
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:11,000
where he solemnly promised to defend the Catholic religion from Protestantism.

24
00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:18,000
During his long reign of nearly 40 years, Charles I had to deal with a number of conflicts,

25
00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:21,000
both in Spain and also abroad.

26
00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:25,000
In Spain there were three serious incidents.

27
00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:31,000
The rebellion of the Comuneros of Castile, who revolted against the tax increase implemented by the King,

28
00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:37,000
which culminated in the execution of the Comuneros Bravo, Padilla and Maldonado,

29
00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:40,000
after their defeat at the Battle of Villalar.

30
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:44,000
The revolt of the Brotherhoods in Valencia and Mallorca,

31
00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:49,000
over the loss of privileges of craftsmen and guilds with regard to the nobility.

32
00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:55,000
The attempt by Francisca I, King of France, to invade the Kingdom of Navarra,

33
00:02:55,000 --> 00:03:01,000
taking advantage of the weak state of Spain, as a result of the Comuneros rebellion.

34
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:06,000
In Europe, the main conflicts which Charles I had to deal with were

35
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:12,000
the continuing conflict with Francisca I, who invaded Milanesado,

36
00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:16,000
but was defeated by the Spanish army at the Battle of Pavia,

37
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:20,000
where even the French king was captured and taken to Madrid.

38
00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:26,000
The various conflicts with the Clementine League, encouraged by Pope Clement VII,

39
00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:33,000
which ended with the Imperial army taking Rome and signing an alliance with the Republic of Genoa,

40
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:40,000
in such a way that in 1530 Pope Clement crowned Charles I Holy Roman Emperor.

41
00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:45,000
The problem with the Ottoman Empire of Suleiman the Magnificent,

42
00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:51,000
who invaded Hungary in 1526, although in 1529,

43
00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:58,000
Fernando of Austria, Charles I's brother, managed to stop Vienna being conquered by the Turks.

44
00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:02,000
In 1532 the Turks besieged Vienna again,

45
00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:09,000
but this time, when Suleiman found out that Charles himself was approaching with his powerful army,

46
00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,000
he retreated without a fight.

47
00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:16,000
The consolidation of the Schmalkaldic League of the Protestant Princes,

48
00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:22,000
who Charles defeated in 1547 at the Battle of Mühlberg.

49
00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:26,000
Despite these and other victories, Charles V's fight against Islam

50
00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:30,000
lacked the support of Francisco I of France.

51
00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:35,000
In 1538 the Emperor, thinking he was supported by France,

52
00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:40,000
created the Holy League with the Pope and the Republic of Venice.

53
00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:44,000
After the heroic resistance of the Spanish troops in Castelnuovo

54
00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:47,000
couldn't stop the victory of the Ottomans,

55
00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:54,000
Francisco I of France warned Charles that he would not support a Christian attack against the Turks.

56
00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:59,000
Charles abandoned the crusade, in effect leaving the Holy League.

57
00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:06,000
During the reign of Charles I, Spain grew and consolidated its dominion and colonization of America.

58
00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:10,000
Hernán Cortés defeated the Aztec Empire,

59
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:15,000
and Pizarro conquered Peru and founded its capital, Lima.

60
00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:22,000
Between 1519 and 1522 the great challenge of the first voyage around the world was completed,

61
00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:30,000
started by the Portuguese sailor Magallanes and finished by the Basque, Juan Sebastián Elcano.

62
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:36,000
In 1556 Charles abdicated as King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor

63
00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:42,000
and retired to the monastery of Usti, where he died in the summer of 1558.

64
00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:46,000
On his death the empire was divided in two.

65
00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:53,000
On one hand, the Holy Roman Empire was inherited by his brother, Fernando I of Habsburg.

66
00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:59,000
On the other, the territories of Spain, Flanders, America and Italy

67
00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:06,000
were left in the hands of his son, Philip II, from Charles' marriage to Isabel of Portugal.

68
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:21,000
Thank you for watching!