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Hello guys, good morning, good afternoon or good evening again.

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So today we are going to start with the chapter number 6 related to the Kingdom of Navarre.

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But let me ask, how are you today? What are you doing?

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Tell me anything, write me anything, I want to hear something from you.

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Ok guys, so now we are going to start with the Kingdom of Navarre.

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First of all, we have to keep in mind the difference between the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre.

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Crown of Castile, one kingdom, one king. Ferdinand III unified two kingdoms, Castile and Leon.

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The Crown of Aragon, one king, four kingdoms. Aragon, Valencia, Cataluña and Mallorca.

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here with the kingdom of Navarre we are going to see something quite different

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one kingdom with several dynasties and one fuero. Do you remember what is a

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dynasty? it's the family members that rule a country nowadays for example in

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spain the king of spain is from the dinas dynasty of the bobos los borbones and before the bourbons

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so is the name of the family members the surname of the family members

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so here in navarre we are going to have several dynasties and all of them link with france

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or the most of them linked with france because if you remember castile and aragon

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stopped the expansion of navarre in the south so navarre was a kingdom

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it was a very powerful kingdom in the 11th century but now in the 13th they don't have

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that power so because of that they are going to look for protection in France

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so several dynasties only one fueron in 1234 Sancho VII died without

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and heard the throne of Navarre went to his French nephew this French nephew was

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from the dynasty of the Champagne. During the 13th century, with the French

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dynasties, the kingdom received the first general charter, the first fuero. What is

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a fuero? A fuero is a charter that established rights and duties of its

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inhabitants. All the different monarchs had to swore loyalty to the fueros and

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receive an oath of alliancy from the representatives of the kingdoms. So, a

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fuero is a church that establishes rights and duties and all the kings had to

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sword loyalty to the force the ties with France the links with France continuing

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with another different dynasties that happen in the bar not only the Champagne

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dynasty also they are going to have the Capetian dynasty and the Hebrew dynasty

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All of them links or ties with France, but some of them, despite the fact that they were friends, some of them, they had good relations with Castile and Aragon.

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Finally, with the Hebrew, with this one, the Fuero was improved and institutions were created to strengthen royal power.

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So the institutions are going to be created later than in Castile and in Aragón.

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These institutions were the High Court, working with justice to deal with justice, and the General Auditing Office, that is related to the Royal Treasury and Coin Minting, Hacienda y Acuñar Monedas, Royal Treasury and Coin Minting.

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So, related to the government, one kingdom with several dynasties, the most of them link or tie with France, and at the beginning, the rights and the duties were established by a fuero, and then little by little.

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And to strengthen their royal power, they create different institutions, such as the High Court and the General Auditing Office.

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Then we are going to talk about society, about the different districts, merindades in Castilian, in Spanish, and the social groups.

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In the mid-13th century, Navarre was divided into four districts, four merindades. These districts are La Montaña, Sangüesa, Estella and La Rivera, that four districts.

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but also they control ultra puertos ultra puertos was also important as it

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was French territory controlled by Navarre so they had a very strong

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division in its territory in four districts and then related to social

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group again we have the privileged group that they were made up of novelty that

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they were known as the ricos hombres this is the Spanish word they were known

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as the ricos hombres and they the wealth was based on land and livestock also the

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clergy you remember the clergy were part were part of the privileged group the

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clergy had a lot of influence and they create a lot of important monasteries

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such as the one in Leyre or in Irache that was founded at this time and we

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have then the ordinary people the non-privileged with a lot of Christians

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the majority but also they live alongside with the hearts and youth and

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whatever the economy the economy was a dual economy mainly related to livestock

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farming and arable farming so exactly the same than in Castile but in Castile

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the main economic activity was the last of farming here is going to be dual both

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of them are going to have a lot of important so the economy was based on

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farming and livestock normally the farming in the north parts of Navarre

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sorry the livestock farming in the north and the arable farming in the south

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close to the Ebro River because the Ebro River had a lot of places to cultivate

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it's an strategic location on the other hand the Camino de Santiago cross the

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Navarre Kingdom so because of that a lot of different pilgrims cross the kingdom

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this stimulate the artisanship and trade. Finally, just to mention, metallurgy was

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an important activity also, because the iron was quite important in the Basque

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country and in Navarre, so working in metallurgy was an important activity and

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it will be more important in contemporary ages. Just to finish, we are

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going to mention about a problem that Navarre had to face it's a kind of rivalry

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between two group of nobles the Agramonteses and the Beaumonteses the

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problem was that in the middle of the 15th century in the year 1441 the the

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queen of navarre is going to die blanche of navarre blanca de navarre is going to die in 1441

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her husband was king john ii of aragon the king of aragon was the regent of the kingdom of navarre

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and he didn't accept their son the prince of viana as the new king and named himself as regent

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Could be a little bit complicated to understand. A short presentation in Spanish.

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La reina de Navarra, Blanca de Navarra, muere. Blanca de Navarra se había casado con el rey de Aragón, Juan II de Aragón.

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Tuvieron un hijo en común, Carlos, que también era conocido como el príncipe de Viana.

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Pero Juan II de Aragón no quiere que su hijo se convierta en rey y se nombra a sí mismo regente.

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As a result, a civil war is going to start and it's going to last from 1451 to 1512.

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In this civil war, the rivalry between the two groups of nobles is going to increase.

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And we have two groups, as I mentioned, the Agramontenses that they represent the families

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of the frank navarre's nobility they were they were the richest farmers in the pyrenees

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and they supported king john ii so they support the regent

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they were in the north part of navarre and they support king john ii

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and on the other hand we have the Beaumonteses they represent the interest of the powerful

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farming nobles of La Ribera so in the south they support Charles of Viana the Prince of Viana so

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because of that they are going to start that civil war on 1479 John John second

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is going to die and his daughter is going to inherit a Navarre his daughter

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is going to get married with another dynasty with another French dynasty so

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Navarre became independent again but finally in 1512

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Ferdinand the Catholic, Fernando el Católico, the husband of Isabella the Catholic, occupied Navarra with Castilian troops and united Navarre with the Crown of Castile.

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So we will have to wait up until the beginning of the 16th century that Navarre became part of the Castilian Kingdom.

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guys I can understand that it's a lot of information and maybe quite complicated

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to understand in just 13 minutes so if you have any question write me ask me

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write in the forums and we will solve together every single doubt that you

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could have so now let me finish today here we still have to two chapters left

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for the next days and with this we will finish the unit and we will start with

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geography that I guess that we are not going to start with geography but we

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have to stay more time at home so see you soon take care have fun bye guys