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Como parte de mi actividad docente, he realizado diversos vídeos para mis alumnos explicando el contenido tratado en clase

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o bien cuando los alumnos estuvieron confinados debido al COVID o Filomena, cuando se realizaron las clases online.

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Dichos vídeos fueron realizados en primera instancia con la aplicación de Explain Everything que aprendí a utilizar en el iPad

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y más adelante pasé a utilizar Geniali como herramienta de preparación de presentaciones

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que a su vez fue grabada a la pantalla y también en ocasiones mi imagen

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utilizando la plataforma de Loom para grabación de vídeos.

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Simplemente voy a mostrar una serie de vídeos que elaboré porque hay muchos.

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dichos vídeos fueron incluidos en el Classroom de mi centro

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cuando fueron elaborados primeramente

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utilizábamos el dominio propio de valdepalitos.com

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y ya durante este curso académico

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fueron compartidos ya a través de Google Classroom

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pero utilizando mi cuenta de arrobaeduca.madrid.org

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estos vídeos se compartieron con los alumnos en Classroom

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y fueron de gran utilidad tanto en el curso para el que se elaboraron como en cursos posteriores

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para utilizarse como recurso de repaso y aprendizaje para los alumnos en casa

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como parte de la metodología de Flip Classroom.

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When we were in class, we already did in some of the classes the front page.

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So today we're just going to jump right ahead and we're going to start reading pages 30 and 31.

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After I read these pages with you, I'm going to give you a few words that I think are important that you write the definitions for.

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And later on, a 12 or 1, depending on which class you're with, you're going to have a video call with José o with me, where we will correct the vocabulary.

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Also, I'm going to use this video to explain to you the online activity that you have to do this weekend.

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And that way you're all set and you can do the activity when we upload it on Friday.

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If you cannot log into the video call, don't worry because we're also going to upload the corrections of the vocabulary later today so you can correct your work.

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Nutrition.

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Nutrition is a combination of processes which supply our body with the building materials and energy we need to live.

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What that means is that it's the process by which living things use food to give their bodies energy so that the body can work and it can grow properly.

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We can do nutrition because the food contains nutrients.

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Nutrientes son sustancias simples que ofrecen los materiales de construcción y energía que nuestro cuerpo necesita para trabajar y crecer.

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Y tenemos diferentes tipos de nutrientes.

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En primer lugar, tenemos carbohidratos.

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Proveen una suma rápida de energía y son principalmente encontrados en pulses.

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Pulses son legumes.

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Si no estás seguro, tal vez quieras leer esa palabra en tu diccionario.

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Patatos, cereales, incluyendo arroz, y productos cereales como pan y pasta.

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Luego tenemos grasas.

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Fats provide a slower supply of energy, and they are mainly found in oils and butter,

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and also you can find them in cold meat, like salami, for example.

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Proteins provide building materials for growth and to repair our body.

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They are mainly found in meat, fish, eggs, milk, and pulses.

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We also have vitamins and minerals.

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They are necessary for our body to function properly,

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They are mainly found in fruit, vegetables and dairy products.

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Finally, we have here water.

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Water transports other nutrients and waste around the body.

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If you look in the picture on the right, you also have some of the milk and dairy products.

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They are also very important because they are high in calcium and essential mineral for the bone growth.

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How does nutrition work?

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There are four processes involved in nutrition.

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Estos procesos se realizan en diferentes sistemas en nuestro cuerpo

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En primer lugar tenemos la digestión

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Esto involucra obtener nutrientes de nuestro cuerpo para usar

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La digestión se realiza en el sistema digestivo

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Otro proceso es la respiración

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La respiración es respirar

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Esto involucra obtener el oxígeno que necesitamos para vivir y liberar el dióxido de carbono

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La respiración se realiza en el sistema respiratorio

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sistema. En tercer lugar, tenemos la circulación. Esto involucra transportar nutrientes, oxígeno y

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productos de desecho a través del cuerpo. La circulación se realiza en el sistema circulatorio.

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Y finalmente, tenemos la excreción. Esto involucra eliminar desechos producidos en nuestro cuerpo.

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La excreción se realiza en el sistema excretario, el sistema respiratorio y también en los glándulos de

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suelo. No he incluido estas palabras en el vocabulario porque creo que ya lo han estudiado

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this in fourth grade, but if you need to look these words up, you should add them into your

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vocabulary. The words that I have included are mainly words from the first page, such

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as nutrition, nutrients, carbohydrates, with pulse as an example, fats, proteins, vitamins

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and minerals, and dairy products. As I say, if you need to include digestion, digestive

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sistema respiratorio, sistema respiratorio, circulación, sistema circulatorio, excreción

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o sistema excretorio o incluso glándulas de sueño, también puedes incluirlos aquí, pero creo que

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son palabras con las que estás más familiarizado. Cuando termines de hacer este vocabulario, lo corregiremos

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juntos en el video. Como dije al principio del video, si no puedes conectarte al video,

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call don't worry because i'm going to upload a copy of this with the definitions and the

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translation to spanish into a task uh today after two o'clock so you can double check if you're in

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the video call and you forgot something or if you were not in the video call you can always go back

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and check your work as you will have to do online weekend task like we always do um here is a

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preview of what you're going to have

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on Google Classroom for you to do

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this weekend. As I say,

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this is a weekend task, so you

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will not have it in your Google Classroom

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until Friday. Friday

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after 2 o'clock, like we always

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do. They're very easy

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questions that you have to fill in

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in a Google Doc and

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just send it to us, and you

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will have until about

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Tuesday of next week.

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We always give you a week and a couple

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more days to make sure that you complete it

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and then throughout next week

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we will correct it and send you

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back the corrections through

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Google Classroom. So

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in activity number one it says

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match the photos to the nutrients

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so you need to see

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the food they have right

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there like salami, apples,

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rice and eggs and you need

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to say what they are

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if they are a vitamin, if they are

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carbohydrate, etc. and you need to

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explain why they're necessary.

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Then

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in exercise two

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it's a way for you to do

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a summary. So

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we just gave you parts

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of the summary and you have to

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complete it with your own words

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or even sentences. So

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it's about page 31. You need to explain

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all the different

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processes of nutrition and the

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systems that carry them out.

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So it's not going to be only one word.

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You're going to need, in some of those gaps

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You're going to need full sentences

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So you need to use your book

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To make sure that you're filling in it correctly

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Then in exercise three

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You have a picture of the food pyramid

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There are different food pyramids out there

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That's just an example of one of the types of food pyramids

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But you don't really need it

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You can also do it with the information in your textbook

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And you need to give us four examples of each

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So you need to give us the name

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por ejemplo, de cuatro tipos de comida que contienen proteínas, cuatro diferentes tipos de comida que contienen

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grasas y así sucesivamente. Esto será disponible en Google Classroom el viernes. Como siempre,

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puedes enviarnos mensajes privados si tienes alguna pregunta. Y eso es todo por hoy.

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Te veré más tarde. Adiós.

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Hola, como no pudimos volver a la escuela aún, vamos a hacer otra sesión de clases en línea para naturales y inglés hoy.

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Así que voy a empezar contándoles un poco de lo que vamos a hacer en la clase hoy.

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Hoy vamos a empezar a avanzar con la digestión.

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Como te dije el otro día, vamos a ver los diferentes procesos de nutrición uno por uno.

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So the first one we're going to do today is digestion, which you can find on pages 32 and 33.

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First, we're going to see a longer definition of what is digestion.

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Then we're going to go into more depth on what composes the digestive system and how it works.

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After that, we're going to see the absorption of nutrients, the elimination of waste,

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and a small paragraph about digestion and health.

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After we read all these pages, I'm going to show you some of the words that are important

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that you write them down in your notebooks and you're also going to have to do a diagram

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and that's going to be the last thing that I'm going to explain today.

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We're going to start on page 32 and it says,

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Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients that our body can use.

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It normally takes our body 24 to 48 hours to digest food.

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Digestion takes place in the digestive system.

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So we're going to see today that the digestive system has two different parts.

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One part is the digestive tube.

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The digestive tube is all the words that you have in your diagram, all the words that you have on your left.

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So, the mouth, the pharynx, the oesophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine and the anus.

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Those are going to be the parts that compose the digestive tube.

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And they, in order for them to work properly, they need the helper glands, which are going to be the ones on your right.

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You have the salivary glands, the liver and the pancreas.

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So now we're going to see what happens once we start eating.

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Cómo funciona el proceso de digestión.

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Comienza en la boca, donde los dedos rompen la comida.

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Mientras comemos, la comida se mezcla con la saliva producida por las glándulas salivarias.

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Esta mezcla se llama bolus.

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Cuando tomamos, la bolus se empuja en los férinxos y hacia abajo en el esófago.

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Así que ese sería el primer paso en la digestión.

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We put the food in our mouth and we break it down by chewing and with the help of the saliva.

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And the mix that forms in our mouth that we swallow is going to be called the bolus.

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And that travels down the pharynx and down the esophagus.

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After that, when the bolus reaches the stomach, which produces the grastic juices,

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these juices break down the food even further, forming a thick mixture called chyme.

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So imagine you're following the bolus down your esophagus

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When it reaches your stomach

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It's going to mix with the gastric juices

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And those are going to help it break down further

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And it's going to form another mix that we're going to call chyme

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Let's see what happens to the chyme

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The chyme travels to the small intestine

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Which produces intestinal juices

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These juices combine with bile

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produced in the liver and pancreatic juice produced in the pancreas.

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And that chimes and turns into a liquid called chile.

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So, imagine that you have the chime in your stomach

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and then it starts traveling down to your small intestine.

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When it gets there, it's going to mix with the intestinal juices

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combined with the bile that is produced in the liver

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and also it's going to mix with the pancreatic juice which is produced in the pancreas.

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Y todo eso va a ayudar a que se despliegue aún más.

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Y va a formar algo nuevo que vamos a llamar el niño.

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Bien, ahora veamos cómo obtenemos la comida en nuestros huesos de sangre.

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Así que dice que los nutrientes son absorbidos en el sangre a través del intestino pequeño.

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Así que el interior del intestino pequeño está cubierto de proyecciones de pequeños dedos.

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Así que imagina como pequeños cabellos llamados villi, que ayudan a absorber nutrientes.

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So you have there your picture, you can see a picture of your small intestine, and you can see the little hairs, the belly, and you're going to see how the nutrients are going towards the blood cells, okay, through the belly, you can see that in your little picture.

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and what's going to happen after that

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is we're going to have to get rid of what we don't need

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which is going to be part of our

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elimination of waste

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waste are those things that we don't need anymore

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and that happens in the large

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intestine

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the water is absorbed and the remaining

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undigested food

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parts turn into solid feces

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ok, so the parts that

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remain

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undigested are going to be

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solid, ok, and those are going to be

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llamada la fecesa y la dejan a nuestro cuerpo a través del anus. La última parte de esta sección

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sobre la digestión es, creo que es un poco más fácil, es simplemente decirte que sin importar

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el proceso de digestión que acabamos de ver, lo que es realmente importante para que funcione

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correctamente es que tengamos una dieta saludable y la dieta se refiere a toda la comida que una persona

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come regularmente. Una dieta balanceada completa significa comer la cantidad correcta de comida

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from each of the food groups

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so we saw the other day

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all the different food groups

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so what they recommend for us to look after

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our digestive system

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and for it to be working properly

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and for us to be healthy and be able to grow

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we need to eat

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from the different food groups

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we cannot just eat for one food group

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we need to eat for a variety of food groups

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the other day also

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in the video call I talked to you a little bit

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about fiber

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fiber is necessary for a healthy

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sistema digestivo. Y encontramos fibra en alimentos como verduras, por ejemplo, porque vienen de

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plantas, pero también de granos, cereales, pulsos, frutas, frutas y verduras. Y aquí tienes

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algunas recomendaciones. Así que te dice que necesitas comer una cena saludable, que también

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debes comer una variedad de alimentos, que debes tener varias comidas durante el día, que debes

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eat foods that are high in fiber, which is what we just talked about, and that you must

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avoid foods that are high in fats and sugar.

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Okay, so what I need you to do now is that you're going to have to review this page again

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and also I want you to copy the diagram that we saw on page 32.

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The diagram you have to copy the silhouette of a boy or a girl, I don't really mind, and

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And then you have to draw on your diagrams the digestive tube and the helper glands.

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So you have to start drawing all the parts that compose the digestive system.

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So you have to draw the mouth, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, etc.

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And then you have to label it.

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When you label it, I want you to write the words both in English and in Spanish.

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Once you finish doing that diagram in your notebook, you're going to have to copy a few vocabulary words.

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And I want you to find also the translation for these words

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There are a lot of new words in these pages

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So what I want you to do today

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Is I want you to concentrate on the new words on page 32

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That I'm going to show to you right now

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And I want you to do only the translations

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We are going to do the definitions in class on Wednesday

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So when you go to class tomorrow

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What you need to have in your notebook

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is the diagram

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completed with the labels and also

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copied all the vocabulary words

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with the corresponding translation.

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So the only thing that we have to do in class

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together on Wednesday

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is complete those definitions.

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When you finish

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doing those words and translation

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in the diagram, you need to make sure

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that you send me a picture through Google

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Classroom on the task.

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The other day, a lot of you were

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in the video call, but you forgot to

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send me your work. Even if we

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conect in the video call a 12 or 1 depending in which group you're with and depending if you're

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with José or with me you need to make sure that you send us your work so that we know that you

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completed it in time so here are the words that you need to do you have digestion in the digestive

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system the other day I already gave you a simpler definition for this so some of you may have

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already copied it, you don't need to copy

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the definition again. After

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that, I want you to do the translation

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for digestive tube

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or also in your dictionaries, maybe you

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find digestive tract. It's

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the same thing. So, this can

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help you find it in your dictionary.

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The same with helper glands.

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You might find

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digestive glands instead of

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helper glands when you try to find

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the translation. Also,

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you need to find the translation for bolus,

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chime, bile, intestinal juices, pancreatic juice, chyle, villi, and feces.

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That is the last word. I'm not sure if you can see it with my recording menu,

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but the last one at the bottom is feces.

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Okay, well, that would be all for today.

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Let me go back and remind you of what you have to do today.

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First, you have to copy the diagram that you have on page 32.

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Make sure you look at it in your textbook so you can see it better than in the video.

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Make sure you copy the words both in English and in Spanish.

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Then you need to look at the words in the vocabulary list and find the translations.

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Let me show you the words again.

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Okay, this is the first set and this is the second set.

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Once you've completed all the translations and done the diagram, you need to send us a picture.

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And then at 12.01 we will see you for a video call where we will try and review all of this together.

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I know this is a little bit complicated, so don't worry because we're going to review it again in class

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and we're going to review all the steps together to make sure that you understand everything.

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Okay? Well, I will see you later. Bye-bye.

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Bien, bien, bienvenido a todos ustedes a nuestro primer aula de Google en línea.

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Vamos a empezar una nueva unidad en la clase de inglés y vamos a hacer eso empezando a hablar de la gramática de la unidad 6, que va a ser comparativa y adjetivos superlativos.

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I'm going to go through the different slides trying to explain to you how we use comparative and superlative adjectives

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and then you will have to read about it in your textbook on page 83.

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I want to welcome to our class the students in 5C and 5B who don't usually have class with me.

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So I want to welcome you all and both José and I will be checking your work in the Google Classroom

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and we will be answering all the questions that you might have.

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So, even though it sounds very complicated, comparatives and superlatives are just a special form of adjective.

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Remember, adjectives are the words that are going to describe the nouns, that are going to describe people, animals, and things.

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Normally, we can use them to compare objects or things or animals between each other.

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So, they're used to compare two or more things with each other.

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Normally, comparatives are used when we're comparing two things with each other.

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And it's usually just done by adding er at the end of the adjective.

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And then superlatives are also used when we're comparing two or more things.

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And we're trying to say that one of them is better than the other.

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And that is usually done by adding EST at the end of the adjective.

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So, for example, if I'm comparing two houses,

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I can say that Lucia's house is bigger than Marta's house.

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If you see, I was just comparing two things using the adjective big

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and all I had to do was

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add ER. I transformed

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the word big

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into bigger.

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And that would be just the normal

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use for a

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comparative adjective.

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If I was trying to do the

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same using the word bigger

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but I was trying to do a superlative

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I would say

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Marcos

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has the biggest

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house. If you see

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I just had to add to the adjective big EST at the end to transform it into biggest.

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As I just said in the previous slide, we usually form comparatives and superlative adjectives

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just by adding either ER or EST at the end of the adjective,

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but that's going to depend on the number of syllables that the adjective has to start off with.

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Entonces, cuando estás tratando de transformar un adjetivo, vas a tener que mirar cuidadosamente cuántas sílabas tiene.

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Las sílabas son como los sonidos en una palabra. Es lo mismo como lo hacemos en español. Sigue las mismas reglas.

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También vas a tener que mirar cuidadosamente las válvulas y consonantes en la palabra.

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Así que ahora voy a ir a través de las principales reglas de pronunciación.

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Esta es la parte más complicada, pero es solo una cuestión de tener cuidado antes de escribir el adjetivo para aplicar la regla de pronunciación correcta.

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También puedes encontrar las reglas de pronunciación en la página 83 de tu libro de texto.

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As we already talked about before

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That's why it's not included

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In this presentation right now

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Most short adjectives

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You just add

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ER or EST

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Such as small

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Would be transformed into

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Smaller when comparing

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Or smallest

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00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:04,480
When doing it in a superlative

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The word

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Short

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00:26:07,380 --> 00:26:09,859
It would follow the same rule

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00:26:09,859 --> 00:26:16,279
It would be shorter in comparative and shortest in superlative.

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00:26:16,779 --> 00:26:21,839
It would be the same with other adjectives such as hard, cheap, etc.

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What we're going to look into now is special types of one-syllable adjectives.

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These ones are special because they just have a single vowel followed by a single consonant.

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You have here the examples of thin and big.

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If you look at these words, at the end of the word, you have a single vowel, so just one.

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Just one vowel followed by just one consonant.

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00:26:55,559 --> 00:26:57,720
It happens the same in the word big.

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00:26:58,039 --> 00:27:05,079
You have one single vowel, which is I, followed by one single consonant, which is G.

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What happens with these special type of one-syllable adjectives

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00:27:09,940 --> 00:27:14,539
is that we have to remember to double the consonant at the end of the word

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00:27:14,539 --> 00:27:21,119
when we add ER for comparative or EST for superlative.

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It's just that.

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00:27:24,039 --> 00:27:28,880
Then we also have another special type of one-syllable adjective.

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These are the ones that end in E.

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As we are adding ER or EST, we do not want to have two E's in the word when we transform it into either comparative or superlative.

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So the only thing you need to do is to remember not to double the E, just to leave one E.

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So you would add just R for comparative and ST for superlative.

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You have some examples right there, like the word wide.

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The word wide ends in E, so you just add R for comparative and ST for superlative,

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00:28:07,279 --> 00:28:10,500
becoming either wider or widest.

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00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:17,740
Another example, the one that you have in your textbook, is the word late.

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00:28:18,259 --> 00:28:21,660
The word late also has one syllable and ends in E,

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00:28:21,660 --> 00:28:27,279
So, you would just be transforming the word late into later or latest.

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So, I will be at your house later or what is the latest movie that you watched.

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We are going to end up this section on special spelling rules for one syllable adjectives

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by looking at the ones that end in Y.

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00:28:47,769 --> 00:28:56,470
The ones that end in Y, we just need to transform the Y into an I before we add either ER or EST.

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So if you look, you have the word dry.

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When we have the word dry, which is one syllable word that ends in Y, we need to change that Y into an I and add ER.

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So, in comparative, drier, so you could say this region is drier than the other region.

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Or you could say Almería is one of the driest areas in Spain.

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So, if you can see, you just change the Y into an I and then you're good to go, just add ER and EST.

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You have in the book another example, like the word busy.

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00:29:35,210 --> 00:29:41,509
Your mom is busier than my mom

390
00:29:41,509 --> 00:29:46,589
There you would just change busy, the Y, you change it into an I

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00:29:46,589 --> 00:29:48,930
and transform it into busier

392
00:29:48,930 --> 00:29:56,490
For example, the president is the busiest of the governing committee

393
00:29:56,490 --> 00:30:01,549
Busiest, you would have the Y, it would have been turned into an I

394
00:30:01,549 --> 00:30:03,509
and then you would have added EST

395
00:30:03,509 --> 00:30:15,880
I ended up the last section talking about the word busy

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00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:17,940
Busy has two syllables

397
00:30:17,940 --> 00:30:22,619
But we just need to follow the regular spelling rules

398
00:30:22,619 --> 00:30:25,460
Of changing y into an i

399
00:30:25,460 --> 00:30:29,400
However, there are other two-syllable adjectives

400
00:30:29,400 --> 00:30:31,279
That follow a different rule

401
00:30:31,279 --> 00:30:34,079
The two-syllable adjectives

402
00:30:34,079 --> 00:30:36,380
So that means that the syllable can be divided

403
00:30:36,380 --> 00:30:39,039
I mean the word can be divided

404
00:30:39,039 --> 00:30:39,960
into two syllables

405
00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:42,059
the ones that end in

406
00:30:42,059 --> 00:30:44,220
ed, ing

407
00:30:44,220 --> 00:30:46,339
full or less

408
00:30:46,339 --> 00:30:48,640
instead of adding er

409
00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:51,119
or est when we're trying to do

410
00:30:51,119 --> 00:30:53,160
comparative or superlative

411
00:30:53,160 --> 00:30:54,180
adjectives out of them

412
00:30:54,180 --> 00:30:56,960
we just need to put in front

413
00:30:56,960 --> 00:30:58,640
of the adjective

414
00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:00,819
we need to put the word more

415
00:31:00,819 --> 00:31:02,559
for comparatives

416
00:31:02,559 --> 00:31:04,660
and most for superlatives

417
00:31:04,660 --> 00:31:06,740
if you see right there in the table

418
00:31:06,740 --> 00:31:08,960
you have a few examples of these

419
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:10,339
worried

420
00:31:10,339 --> 00:31:11,660
it ends in ed

421
00:31:11,660 --> 00:31:14,720
so instead of just transforming

422
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:16,680
the word using er

423
00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:18,599
or est we just

424
00:31:18,599 --> 00:31:20,720
add the word more in front of the adjective

425
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:22,839
which remains exactly the same

426
00:31:22,839 --> 00:31:24,619
so we would have more

427
00:31:24,619 --> 00:31:26,519
worried or the most

428
00:31:26,519 --> 00:31:27,319
worried

429
00:31:27,319 --> 00:31:30,980
the same for boring as you see

430
00:31:30,980 --> 00:31:32,319
it ends in ing

431
00:31:32,319 --> 00:31:35,019
So it follows these same rules

432
00:31:35,019 --> 00:31:37,859
Which is say more boring or the most boring

433
00:31:37,859 --> 00:31:40,880
You have there careful and useless

434
00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:44,140
They all follow the same rules

435
00:31:44,140 --> 00:31:47,619
So these would be for the two syllable adjectives

436
00:31:47,619 --> 00:31:51,920
That end in ed, ing, full or less

437
00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:54,579
I know these are a lot of rules to remember

438
00:31:54,579 --> 00:31:56,759
That's why at the beginning of the presentation

439
00:31:56,759 --> 00:31:58,880
I told you that the most difficult part of this

440
00:31:58,880 --> 00:32:01,119
Is just remembering the spelling rules

441
00:32:01,119 --> 00:32:03,119
because the rest is quite easy

442
00:32:03,119 --> 00:32:06,779
comparative, just to compare two things between each other

443
00:32:06,779 --> 00:32:10,220
or superlative to say one is more than the rest of them

444
00:32:10,220 --> 00:32:12,539
you just need to always go back

445
00:32:12,539 --> 00:32:15,240
and review these spelling rules

446
00:32:15,240 --> 00:32:17,960
and then you will see that this is quite easy

447
00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:24,480
now we will just be entering the final part

448
00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:26,759
of this video presentation

449
00:32:26,759 --> 00:32:29,700
by just talking about three or more syllables

450
00:32:29,700 --> 00:32:32,740
when we have three or more syllable adjectives

451
00:32:32,740 --> 00:32:38,000
just follows the previous rules that I told you about. You just put more in front of the

452
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:43,720
adjective for comparatives and most in front of the adjectives for superlatives. And that

453
00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:50,160
would be it. So these would just follow the same rules as the other two-syllable adjectives.

454
00:32:50,660 --> 00:32:55,619
This is the easiest ones because you just need to add the word more or the word most.

455
00:32:56,119 --> 00:33:02,720
And then we would be done with this. Now I'm going to ask of you to try and do the following

456
00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:10,220
multiple choice exercises just to try and practice what we just talked about.

457
00:33:10,220 --> 00:33:16,660
You can either pause the video and try to do it by yourself looking at the

458
00:33:16,660 --> 00:33:21,440
video or you also have the PowerPoint presentation in Google Classroom. You can

459
00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:24,720
just do it by looking at the presentation instead of the video. It's

460
00:33:24,720 --> 00:33:32,400
really up to you. If you see right here you would just need to

461
00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:39,299
You choose the superlative for small, the superlative of deep, and the comparative of heat.

462
00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:44,640
You just need to be mindful of the spelling rules.

463
00:33:45,359 --> 00:33:50,119
Think if there has to be a transformation done to any of the vowels,

464
00:33:50,119 --> 00:34:00,500
or if you need to use more or most instead of adding the ER or EST at the end.

465
00:34:00,500 --> 00:34:04,079
Ok, so I can do the first one with you

466
00:34:04,079 --> 00:34:06,400
The superlative of small

467
00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:08,119
Well, the superlative of small

468
00:34:08,119 --> 00:34:09,840
would be smallest

469
00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:13,860
This is not a one vowel

470
00:34:13,860 --> 00:34:15,920
followed by a one consonant

471
00:34:15,920 --> 00:34:17,000
because there's one vowel

472
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:18,619
but there's two consonants

473
00:34:18,619 --> 00:34:21,119
So we do not need to put more Ls

474
00:34:21,119 --> 00:34:22,920
So we don't need to do that

475
00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:25,880
It doesn't end in Y

476
00:34:25,880 --> 00:34:28,639
So I don't need to put an I anywhere

477
00:34:28,639 --> 00:34:31,760
I am not doing a comparative

478
00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:33,659
so I'm not using ER

479
00:34:33,659 --> 00:34:35,000
I need to use EST

480
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,460
so that would lead me

481
00:34:37,460 --> 00:34:38,820
to the conclusion

482
00:34:38,820 --> 00:34:41,500
that the right answer would be the last one

483
00:34:41,500 --> 00:34:43,559
the superlative of small

484
00:34:43,559 --> 00:34:44,739
is smallest

485
00:34:44,739 --> 00:34:47,300
the last option, the one without

486
00:34:47,300 --> 00:34:49,059
an I because there was no Y

487
00:34:49,059 --> 00:34:51,579
so you would not need to add an I to it

488
00:34:51,579 --> 00:34:53,519
ok, now I want you to try

489
00:34:53,519 --> 00:34:55,500
and do the rest the same

490
00:34:55,500 --> 00:34:57,420
way I've been doing it, just thinking

491
00:34:57,420 --> 00:35:04,940
about what the word looks like, how many syllables it has, so I know what I need to add to the

492
00:35:04,940 --> 00:35:12,539
adjective. You have a few more on the next page. You have what is the superlative of

493
00:35:12,539 --> 00:35:20,199
unpleasant, what is the comparative of lively, and what is the superlative of soft. Even

494
00:35:20,199 --> 00:35:26,119
if you don't understand all the words, you can still answer these questions by looking

495
00:35:26,119 --> 00:35:34,219
at the spelling of each adjective if you have any questions make sure that you

496
00:35:34,219 --> 00:35:44,119
ask either Jose or I so we can help you good morning today I wanted to make a

497
00:35:44,119 --> 00:35:50,880
short video for you reviewing what you saw in the video and activities from

498
00:35:50,880 --> 00:35:57,260
Tuesday but I wanted to simplify it a little bit more so that it can help you

499
00:35:57,260 --> 00:36:03,500
You do the activities for today and the activities that you will have to do next week.

500
00:36:05,679 --> 00:36:09,920
On Tuesday we saw the different uses of modal verbs.

501
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:18,579
So when we are trying to express an ability or a possibility, we use can or could.

502
00:36:19,079 --> 00:36:27,980
When we are trying to ask for advice or give advice, we are going to use should or shouldn't.

503
00:36:27,980 --> 00:36:34,679
And when we're talking about obligation, we will use must or mustn't.

504
00:36:34,980 --> 00:36:42,179
So this is just a brief summary of all the modal verbs, so now we're going to see them one by one.

505
00:36:44,449 --> 00:36:49,110
We use must and mustn't for obligation or prohibition.

506
00:36:49,489 --> 00:36:56,369
So if you have the obligation to do something, because it is very important that you do it,

507
00:36:56,369 --> 00:37:02,590
So it would be considered an obligation or something that is a necessity or a strong recommendation.

508
00:37:03,289 --> 00:37:05,329
We would use must.

509
00:37:05,869 --> 00:37:12,789
So we use must in the form of, first we put the subject, so the person.

510
00:37:13,150 --> 00:37:16,269
You have a little red square right there where you can see.

511
00:37:16,409 --> 00:37:19,690
First you put the person, which is, for example, the students.

512
00:37:20,030 --> 00:37:21,789
And then you use the verb must.

513
00:37:22,210 --> 00:37:25,389
And then you use the verb in the base form or the infinitive.

514
00:37:25,389 --> 00:37:31,949
So the sentence would be like, the students must study hard to pass a test.

515
00:37:33,969 --> 00:37:42,349
When we want to say that something is not allowed, so it's prohibited, it's a prohibition, we use mustn't.

516
00:37:42,769 --> 00:37:50,570
So when we use mustn't, we also use the subject first, so the person, and then must not or mustn't,

517
00:37:50,650 --> 00:37:53,210
and then also followed by the verb in the base form.

518
00:37:53,210 --> 00:37:59,190
So you have an example there, Patricia mustn't be absent from class.

519
00:38:00,309 --> 00:38:06,349
If we want to use questions, you're not going to have to use them this year,

520
00:38:06,449 --> 00:38:10,190
but it's something that you can bear in mind for the future.

521
00:38:10,710 --> 00:38:14,190
If you're doing questions with must or mustn't,

522
00:38:14,550 --> 00:38:20,289
so if for example you want to ask a teacher or you want to ask your mom or an adult

523
00:38:20,289 --> 00:38:30,429
If something is allowed, you can use the verb must or mustn't in a question.

524
00:38:30,690 --> 00:38:41,489
So you could say, teacher, must we, so first we have must and then the person.

525
00:38:41,829 --> 00:38:46,190
So must we bring a ruler to school every day?

526
00:38:46,769 --> 00:38:50,250
So you're asking if there is an obligation for you to bring a ruler.

527
00:38:50,250 --> 00:38:55,110
And also you can use them with WH questions.

528
00:38:56,349 --> 00:39:03,949
If somebody does something that they shouldn't be doing, you can say,

529
00:39:04,650 --> 00:39:07,829
Why must you bring your phone to school every day?

530
00:39:09,510 --> 00:39:13,949
Now let's look at the small activity I put at the top.

531
00:39:14,269 --> 00:39:19,250
So let's try and decide if we need to use must or mustn't.

532
00:39:19,250 --> 00:39:21,489
So, number one, it says

533
00:39:21,489 --> 00:39:23,829
You be on time to school

534
00:39:23,829 --> 00:39:27,630
So, you need to think if it's something that is prohibited

535
00:39:27,630 --> 00:39:28,989
That you mustn't do

536
00:39:28,989 --> 00:39:30,949
Or if it's something that is an obligation

537
00:39:30,949 --> 00:39:32,429
Which is you must do

538
00:39:32,429 --> 00:39:36,369
So, in this case, it would be

539
00:39:36,369 --> 00:39:38,090
Must

540
00:39:38,090 --> 00:39:40,789
Because it's an obligation

541
00:39:40,789 --> 00:39:42,070
You must

542
00:39:42,070 --> 00:39:47,670
Now, let's look at sentence number two

543
00:39:47,670 --> 00:39:49,809
You do your homework

544
00:39:49,809 --> 00:39:51,949
So, if it's a prohibition

545
00:39:51,949 --> 00:39:53,869
you mustn't do your homework

546
00:39:53,869 --> 00:39:55,090
or if it's an obligation

547
00:39:55,090 --> 00:39:57,650
you must do your homework

548
00:39:57,650 --> 00:39:59,469
what do you think?

549
00:40:00,989 --> 00:40:02,110
yes, very good

550
00:40:02,110 --> 00:40:03,590
this one is also an obligation

551
00:40:03,590 --> 00:40:05,030
so you must

552
00:40:05,030 --> 00:40:08,800
do your homework

553
00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:10,780
and now example number three

554
00:40:10,780 --> 00:40:13,559
you use your phone in class

555
00:40:13,559 --> 00:40:15,719
so if you think it's

556
00:40:15,719 --> 00:40:18,000
a prohibition you use mustn't

557
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:19,539
and if you think it's an obligation

558
00:40:19,539 --> 00:40:20,579
you use must

559
00:40:20,579 --> 00:40:22,260
so in this case

560
00:40:22,260 --> 00:40:26,639
Yes, we use mustn't because it's a prohibition

561
00:40:26,639 --> 00:40:30,699
It's something that is not allowed

562
00:40:30,699 --> 00:40:33,550
Good job

563
00:40:33,550 --> 00:40:36,789
Now let's look at the next slide

564
00:40:36,789 --> 00:40:43,329
Shouldn't, shouldn't is used for giving advice or making suggestions

565
00:40:43,329 --> 00:40:46,250
So with the difference of must

566
00:40:46,250 --> 00:40:52,630
In must we were trying to convince someone that something was an obligation or a necessity

567
00:40:52,630 --> 00:41:00,489
Whereas when we use should, we're just trying to make a polite suggestion or give them advice about something.

568
00:41:01,170 --> 00:41:08,110
And sometimes it's also used when something is likely to happen in the present or in the future.

569
00:41:08,909 --> 00:41:13,809
If we want to make a positive suggestion, we say should.

570
00:41:13,809 --> 00:41:21,730
So, for example, the one you have right there, your hair is too long, you should get a haircut.

571
00:41:21,730 --> 00:41:28,269
And then if we're trying to give them something that is a negative suggestion or negative advice

572
00:41:28,269 --> 00:41:32,230
Which means when you're advising somebody not to do something

573
00:41:32,230 --> 00:41:34,969
Is the one you have in the red box underneath

574
00:41:34,969 --> 00:41:38,590
Which is you shouldn't throw your litter

575
00:41:38,590 --> 00:41:40,849
Litter means your rubbish or your trash

576
00:41:40,849 --> 00:41:42,550
Onto your street

577
00:41:42,550 --> 00:41:46,389
So this is just an advice of something that you should not do

578
00:41:46,389 --> 00:41:49,750
That's why at the bottom I wrote positive or negative advice

579
00:41:49,750 --> 00:41:53,570
because it could be something that you should or you shouldn't be doing.

580
00:41:54,289 --> 00:41:58,429
And also on your right, I put an example of how it would be as a question.

581
00:41:58,949 --> 00:42:06,250
So when you do a question using should, you usually put should, then the person, and then the verb.

582
00:42:06,630 --> 00:42:09,809
If you look at the example you have at the bottom in purple,

583
00:42:10,329 --> 00:42:15,150
should I buy the red shirt or the blue shirt?

584
00:42:15,150 --> 00:42:25,090
You can also notice that in the case of questions with should, the same way as with must, we use the verb in the base form.

585
00:42:25,849 --> 00:42:30,030
Now let's try and do the activities that I wrote at the top.

586
00:42:30,670 --> 00:42:42,190
So we need to decide if we're going to use should or shouldn't, depending if you think it's something that you should be doing or something that you shouldn't be doing.

587
00:42:42,190 --> 00:42:46,409
So, it's cold today. You wear a scarf.

588
00:42:46,829 --> 00:42:49,769
So, imagine it's winter and it's very cold.

589
00:42:50,630 --> 00:42:55,650
Would you recommend someone to wear a scarf or not to wear it?

590
00:42:56,690 --> 00:42:59,050
Yes, we would recommend the person to wear it.

591
00:42:59,110 --> 00:43:02,989
So, you should. It's positive, positive advice.

592
00:43:06,230 --> 00:43:09,449
Number two, you eat sweets every day.

593
00:43:09,449 --> 00:43:18,050
Do you think it's something that a person should be doing or maybe not, maybe they shouldn't?

594
00:43:19,489 --> 00:43:23,510
Yes, I agree that it's a negative thing, so you shouldn't.

595
00:43:23,769 --> 00:43:25,989
It's something that you should not be doing.

596
00:43:29,760 --> 00:43:32,900
And then number three, you go to bed late.

597
00:43:33,340 --> 00:43:37,019
So think if going to bed late is a good thing or a bad thing.

598
00:43:37,019 --> 00:43:43,400
I would say that if you're going to have to go to school or do work from home for school the next day

599
00:43:43,400 --> 00:43:47,780
I think that it's not a good thing that you go to bed late

600
00:43:47,780 --> 00:43:50,380
so that you should be using the negative form

601
00:43:50,380 --> 00:43:51,500
You shouldn't

602
00:43:51,500 --> 00:43:54,719
because it's something that should not be done

603
00:43:54,719 --> 00:43:58,480
Good job

604
00:43:58,480 --> 00:44:02,539
Now let's go into our last section on can and could

605
00:44:02,539 --> 00:44:08,300
Can and could is a little bit more complex than the other ones

606
00:44:08,300 --> 00:44:11,599
because they can be used for the same thing

607
00:44:11,599 --> 00:44:15,300
but depending if you're saying it in the present or in the past

608
00:44:15,300 --> 00:44:17,420
you might use one or the other

609
00:44:17,420 --> 00:44:21,019
so this one is a little trickier than the other ones we saw

610
00:44:21,019 --> 00:44:25,699
but we just need to try and start to learn it

611
00:44:25,699 --> 00:44:28,900
and don't worry about it because we will review it next year

612
00:44:28,900 --> 00:44:33,320
so normally we use them for ability and possibility

613
00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:38,119
and normally if you're trying to express ability in the present

614
00:44:38,119 --> 00:44:40,199
or in the future, we're going to use

615
00:44:40,199 --> 00:44:42,039
can, so I

616
00:44:42,039 --> 00:44:44,219
can speak English fluently

617
00:44:44,219 --> 00:44:46,059
but if you're

618
00:44:46,059 --> 00:44:47,639
saying something in the past

619
00:44:47,639 --> 00:44:50,239
maybe something that you had the ability

620
00:44:50,239 --> 00:44:52,159
to do when you were little

621
00:44:52,159 --> 00:44:54,119
then you would use could

622
00:44:54,119 --> 00:44:55,679
when I was little

623
00:44:55,679 --> 00:44:58,179
I could play with the hula hoop

624
00:44:58,179 --> 00:44:59,900
that could be an example

625
00:44:59,900 --> 00:45:02,239
also it's usually used

626
00:45:02,239 --> 00:45:03,739
for possibility

627
00:45:03,739 --> 00:45:06,239
so if we are

628
00:45:06,239 --> 00:45:08,300
saying something that is just

629
00:45:08,300 --> 00:45:10,380
generally, we're going to use

630
00:45:10,380 --> 00:45:11,920
can, so

631
00:45:11,920 --> 00:45:13,480
Spanish people

632
00:45:13,480 --> 00:45:16,119
can stay

633
00:45:16,119 --> 00:45:18,179
in the sun for a very long time

634
00:45:18,179 --> 00:45:20,519
or if we're talking about

635
00:45:20,519 --> 00:45:22,159
a specific event

636
00:45:22,159 --> 00:45:24,159
we would use could

637
00:45:24,159 --> 00:45:26,119
so you have an example right there

638
00:45:26,119 --> 00:45:28,340
if they're talking about a weather

639
00:45:28,340 --> 00:45:29,880
forecast, you could say

640
00:45:29,880 --> 00:45:32,579
the weather this summer in Spain

641
00:45:32,579 --> 00:45:34,500
could be very

642
00:45:34,500 --> 00:45:35,539
hot

643
00:45:35,539 --> 00:45:40,380
Something that you can learn for future reference

644
00:45:40,380 --> 00:45:44,039
Is that when we are trying to be polite

645
00:45:44,039 --> 00:45:48,039
When we are talking to an adult or to a person that we don't know

646
00:45:48,039 --> 00:45:50,019
We have to use could

647
00:45:50,019 --> 00:45:52,539
Normally if we are making a request

648
00:45:52,539 --> 00:45:55,539
Or if we are asking if we can do something

649
00:45:55,539 --> 00:45:57,500
Then we have to use could

650
00:45:57,500 --> 00:46:03,199
So could you please hand me the water

651
00:46:03,199 --> 00:46:05,800
por ejemplo, if you're at a dinner

652
00:46:05,800 --> 00:46:11,699
and we would use can if we're in an informal setting

653
00:46:11,699 --> 00:46:14,840
so, for example, if you're at home and you want the water

654
00:46:14,840 --> 00:46:17,380
you would just tell your brother or your sister

655
00:46:17,380 --> 00:46:19,119
can you give me the water?

656
00:46:19,820 --> 00:46:21,820
and that's it, it's more for informal

657
00:46:21,820 --> 00:46:25,099
so, if we're trying to be polite to ask something

658
00:46:25,099 --> 00:46:26,079
we would use could

659
00:46:26,079 --> 00:46:28,260
and if we're in an informal setting

660
00:46:28,260 --> 00:46:30,079
we would use can

661
00:46:30,079 --> 00:46:34,920
In the box on the right you have the negative forms for each of them

662
00:46:34,920 --> 00:46:39,199
So it just doesn't change the meaning, it will be the same meaning

663
00:46:39,199 --> 00:46:41,679
But if we want to say something in the negative

664
00:46:41,679 --> 00:46:45,599
We would just transform the verb can into can't

665
00:46:45,599 --> 00:46:48,300
And the verb could into couldn't

666
00:46:48,300 --> 00:46:52,760
So you have an example there for something that is related to ability

667
00:46:52,760 --> 00:46:55,280
Richard can speak French fluently

668
00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:57,900
If we wanted to say the same thing but in negative

669
00:46:57,900 --> 00:47:01,539
we would say Richard can't speak French fluently

670
00:47:01,539 --> 00:47:03,679
and the same with could

671
00:47:03,679 --> 00:47:08,340
if we're talking about a past ability that somebody had

672
00:47:08,340 --> 00:47:11,199
my sister could swim when I was six

673
00:47:11,199 --> 00:47:13,599
that would be in the negative

674
00:47:13,599 --> 00:47:15,880
my sister couldn't swim when I was six

675
00:47:15,880 --> 00:47:19,079
the difference between the other ones that we saw

676
00:47:19,079 --> 00:47:21,199
is that really the meaning doesn't change

677
00:47:21,199 --> 00:47:26,019
so just depending if we're using the positive or negative

678
00:47:26,019 --> 00:47:29,039
we always have to look to the general meaning of the word

679
00:47:29,039 --> 00:47:33,159
so in order to know if you're using can

680
00:47:33,159 --> 00:47:34,900
or if you're using could

681
00:47:34,900 --> 00:47:37,619
we need to look at the list of things that I just reviewed

682
00:47:37,619 --> 00:47:39,940
and if it's related to one of them

683
00:47:39,940 --> 00:47:43,099
but in the negative you just change that word into the negative form

684
00:47:43,099 --> 00:47:44,139
and that would be it

685
00:47:44,139 --> 00:47:47,840
let's try and do the activities that I put at the top

686
00:47:47,840 --> 00:47:51,079
I just wrote so you could make a difference between can and could

687
00:47:51,079 --> 00:47:52,760
because as I just told you

688
00:47:52,760 --> 00:47:55,159
if you know the difference between can and could

689
00:47:55,159 --> 00:47:57,760
If they are asking you in the negative

690
00:47:57,760 --> 00:47:59,679
You just need to transform it into the negative

691
00:47:59,679 --> 00:48:01,679
So really the important part here

692
00:48:01,679 --> 00:48:03,639
Is to know the difference between the two of them

693
00:48:03,639 --> 00:48:06,320
Independently if they are negative or positive

694
00:48:06,320 --> 00:48:07,679
Number one

695
00:48:07,679 --> 00:48:10,019
Tom is very smart

696
00:48:10,019 --> 00:48:12,679
He solved the problem easily

697
00:48:12,679 --> 00:48:15,440
So here you need to look at the verb

698
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:17,780
Because it's talking about Tom's ability

699
00:48:17,780 --> 00:48:20,900
So we need to see if it's in the present or in the past

700
00:48:20,900 --> 00:48:23,239
Tom is, is, is in the present

701
00:48:23,239 --> 00:48:25,000
So we need to use can

702
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:26,539
He can

703
00:48:26,539 --> 00:48:32,110
Let's do number two

704
00:48:32,110 --> 00:48:37,239
I have an apple, please

705
00:48:37,239 --> 00:48:42,960
So here you're asking for permission or the ability to have something

706
00:48:42,960 --> 00:48:48,639
So the fact that we have the word please is telling me that it's polite

707
00:48:48,639 --> 00:48:51,679
So I would have to use could

708
00:48:51,679 --> 00:48:53,719
Could I have an apple, please?

709
00:48:58,679 --> 00:49:00,119
This part would be a question

710
00:49:00,119 --> 00:49:01,179
There we go, please

711
00:49:01,179 --> 00:49:05,539
Mom, I watch TV

712
00:49:05,539 --> 00:49:07,199
So here you're also asking

713
00:49:07,199 --> 00:49:09,079
For the permission

714
00:49:09,079 --> 00:49:10,659
Or for the ability to do something

715
00:49:10,659 --> 00:49:12,880
So here you're asking your mom

716
00:49:12,880 --> 00:49:14,980
So as it's informal we would say

717
00:49:14,980 --> 00:49:17,099
Mom, can

718
00:49:17,099 --> 00:49:20,539
Can I watch TV

719
00:49:20,539 --> 00:49:22,619
Ok, well this is

720
00:49:22,619 --> 00:49:23,579
The end for

721
00:49:23,579 --> 00:49:25,980
The end of our review video

722
00:49:25,980 --> 00:49:28,559
Make sure that you do also

723
00:49:28,559 --> 00:49:30,099
All the online activities

724
00:49:30,099 --> 00:49:32,599
And send us messages if you have

725
00:49:32,599 --> 00:49:43,739
any questions. Today we are going to learn about the words related to education. It's

726
00:49:43,739 --> 00:49:49,260
going to be really simple. There's not a lot of words, so it shouldn't take us a lot of

727
00:49:49,260 --> 00:49:59,199
time to complete it. Let's take a look at the first column. There we go. We have advanced

728
00:49:59,199 --> 00:50:01,539
and beginner, those make

729
00:50:01,539 --> 00:50:03,760
reference to the students

730
00:50:03,760 --> 00:50:05,739
level, so if they're

731
00:50:05,739 --> 00:50:07,659
really good in English, they're going

732
00:50:07,659 --> 00:50:09,679
to be advanced, but if they're

733
00:50:09,679 --> 00:50:11,639
starting to learn, they're going to be

734
00:50:11,639 --> 00:50:12,280
beginners

735
00:50:12,280 --> 00:50:15,760
biology, biology is

736
00:50:15,760 --> 00:50:16,719
a science

737
00:50:16,719 --> 00:50:19,739
that studies the environment

738
00:50:19,739 --> 00:50:21,500
and everything in it

739
00:50:21,500 --> 00:50:23,320
such as animals, plants

740
00:50:23,320 --> 00:50:24,460
and humans

741
00:50:24,460 --> 00:50:27,679
then we have blackboard and board

742
00:50:27,679 --> 00:50:31,679
They both refer to what we use in class to write on.

743
00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:35,960
We also can refer to this as whiteboard.

744
00:50:38,130 --> 00:50:40,929
Book, bookshelf, chemistry.

745
00:50:41,130 --> 00:50:43,690
Chemistry, again, is a type of science.

746
00:50:44,369 --> 00:50:49,230
So, the one that studies how substances interact with each other.

747
00:50:49,550 --> 00:50:51,769
That's going to be chemistry.

748
00:50:52,650 --> 00:50:54,829
We have class, classmate.

749
00:50:55,130 --> 00:50:57,809
Classmate is all the students in the class.

750
00:50:57,809 --> 00:51:04,610
So you can say that everybody, all the students in 5A are classmates.

751
00:51:05,510 --> 00:51:09,849
Classroom, clever. Clever means when you're very smart, you're very intelligent.

752
00:51:11,110 --> 00:51:14,829
Coach. Coach is the person that trains a team.

753
00:51:15,329 --> 00:51:20,369
It's the person that trains a basketball team or a football team.

754
00:51:21,210 --> 00:51:24,050
College, which is another word for university.

755
00:51:24,050 --> 00:51:26,869
And with that we would finish the first column.

756
00:51:26,869 --> 00:51:31,889
podemos ver la palabra

757
00:51:31,889 --> 00:51:33,789
colegio

758
00:51:33,789 --> 00:51:37,670
y tenemos aquí en la letra U

759
00:51:37,670 --> 00:51:39,210
la universidad

760
00:51:39,210 --> 00:51:42,369
y antes de irnos a la segunda columna

761
00:51:42,369 --> 00:51:45,969
quiero señalar que dijimos

762
00:51:45,969 --> 00:51:49,530
que la biología y la química son tipos de ciencia

763
00:51:49,530 --> 00:51:53,610
también la física es un tipo de ciencia

764
00:51:53,610 --> 00:51:56,369
que estudia el movimiento

765
00:51:56,369 --> 00:51:58,469
de diferentes objetos

766
00:51:58,469 --> 00:52:02,530
and also it can relate to space

767
00:52:02,530 --> 00:52:04,210
when we talk about space, for example.

768
00:52:04,769 --> 00:52:08,530
Now let's go on to the second column.

769
00:52:09,909 --> 00:52:11,530
We have course.

770
00:52:12,150 --> 00:52:15,590
Course is another word for just a bunch of lessons.

771
00:52:16,150 --> 00:52:17,869
So here you have the word lesson.

772
00:52:18,329 --> 00:52:22,050
So when you have more than one bunch of lessons together,

773
00:52:22,050 --> 00:52:25,289
we can refer to it as a course, un curso en Spanish.

774
00:52:25,550 --> 00:52:28,389
Then we have desk, which is another word for table.

775
00:52:28,469 --> 00:52:30,929
dictionary, diploma

776
00:52:30,929 --> 00:52:32,570
which you know the same

777
00:52:32,570 --> 00:52:33,989
is almost the same in Spanish

778
00:52:33,989 --> 00:52:35,969
then we have the word eraser

779
00:52:35,969 --> 00:52:38,590
the word eraser is the same

780
00:52:38,590 --> 00:52:39,829
as the word rubber

781
00:52:39,829 --> 00:52:42,610
in British English we use rubber

782
00:52:42,610 --> 00:52:44,389
and in American English

783
00:52:44,389 --> 00:52:45,730
we use eraser

784
00:52:45,730 --> 00:52:48,230
then we have exam

785
00:52:48,230 --> 00:52:50,409
or examination, exam is just

786
00:52:50,409 --> 00:52:52,909
the short word for examination

787
00:52:52,909 --> 00:52:56,730
then we're going to talk about other subjects

788
00:52:56,730 --> 00:52:58,809
in school. Subjects are

789
00:52:58,809 --> 00:53:00,469
the things that we learn in school, so

790
00:53:00,469 --> 00:53:02,769
besides science subjects, we

791
00:53:02,769 --> 00:53:04,489
can also study geography,

792
00:53:04,929 --> 00:53:06,210
which talks about

793
00:53:06,210 --> 00:53:08,610
the different landscapes

794
00:53:08,610 --> 00:53:10,949
and countries, continents, etc.

795
00:53:11,090 --> 00:53:11,650
in the world.

796
00:53:12,710 --> 00:53:14,829
Also, we can learn history,

797
00:53:14,989 --> 00:53:16,690
which studies things

798
00:53:16,690 --> 00:53:18,070
that happened before us.

799
00:53:19,090 --> 00:53:20,489
We have homework,

800
00:53:21,230 --> 00:53:23,090
information, instructions,

801
00:53:23,769 --> 00:53:24,710
to know. Know

802
00:53:24,710 --> 00:53:26,909
is a verb, when you learn something

803
00:53:26,909 --> 00:53:28,869
you know it, then we have language

804
00:53:28,869 --> 00:53:30,210
and learn

805
00:53:30,210 --> 00:53:32,750
so this second column which is quite easy

806
00:53:32,750 --> 00:53:34,769
now let's go to column

807
00:53:34,769 --> 00:53:35,309
number three

808
00:53:35,309 --> 00:53:38,429
here we have lesson

809
00:53:38,429 --> 00:53:40,909
clase in Spanish

810
00:53:40,909 --> 00:53:42,510
then when we started

811
00:53:42,510 --> 00:53:44,750
the list we had

812
00:53:44,750 --> 00:53:45,929
advanced and beginner

813
00:53:45,929 --> 00:53:48,030
which I told you is the level

814
00:53:48,030 --> 00:53:50,469
so when teachers measure

815
00:53:50,469 --> 00:53:52,469
how good you are

816
00:53:52,469 --> 00:53:54,690
in a certain subject

817
00:53:54,690 --> 00:53:56,130
or maybe in an exam

818
00:53:56,130 --> 00:53:58,449
if you do very well, your level

819
00:53:58,449 --> 00:54:00,730
is going to be high, is going to be advanced

820
00:54:00,730 --> 00:54:02,409
maybe if you did ok

821
00:54:02,409 --> 00:54:04,429
your level would be intermediate

822
00:54:04,429 --> 00:54:06,630
and maybe if you didn't do

823
00:54:06,630 --> 00:54:08,530
so well, your level would be

824
00:54:08,530 --> 00:54:10,610
beginner, so level is just how well

825
00:54:10,610 --> 00:54:12,590
you perform, how well you do

826
00:54:12,590 --> 00:54:14,389
and what result

827
00:54:14,389 --> 00:54:16,289
you get, ok, so result

828
00:54:16,289 --> 00:54:18,349
another word for result

829
00:54:18,349 --> 00:54:20,190
is this word we have here

830
00:54:20,190 --> 00:54:21,989
after the word library we have

831
00:54:21,989 --> 00:54:32,469
the word mark mark is another word for grade for result so in in english when we grade your exams

832
00:54:32,469 --> 00:54:38,869
we don't say your note is five because that's what we say in spanish we don't say note we say

833
00:54:38,869 --> 00:54:46,429
mark result or grade okay so remember don't say note that is incorrect when we want to refer

834
00:54:46,429 --> 00:54:48,949
to the number you got in the exam

835
00:54:48,949 --> 00:54:50,670
it would be a mark

836
00:54:50,670 --> 00:54:52,070
then

837
00:54:52,070 --> 00:54:54,630
we keep talking of subjects

838
00:54:54,630 --> 00:54:56,329
you have the word subject over here

839
00:54:56,329 --> 00:54:57,050
on the other side

840
00:54:57,050 --> 00:54:59,769
we refer to science

841
00:54:59,769 --> 00:55:02,429
including biology, chemistry and physics

842
00:55:02,429 --> 00:55:04,449
we also refer to geography

843
00:55:04,449 --> 00:55:05,050
and history

844
00:55:05,050 --> 00:55:08,090
and we also have a very important subject

845
00:55:08,090 --> 00:55:10,510
which Carlos and I

846
00:55:10,510 --> 00:55:11,750
teach in

847
00:55:11,750 --> 00:55:13,429
fifth grade

848
00:55:13,429 --> 00:55:15,409
which is math, mathematics

849
00:55:15,409 --> 00:55:17,989
In British English we say maths

850
00:55:17,989 --> 00:55:20,050
And in American English we say math

851
00:55:20,050 --> 00:55:21,570
Without the S

852
00:55:21,570 --> 00:55:24,449
But both of them are correct

853
00:55:24,449 --> 00:55:26,590
Here we have the word note

854
00:55:26,590 --> 00:55:28,469
Remember what I was telling you before

855
00:55:28,469 --> 00:55:30,670
Mark

856
00:55:30,670 --> 00:55:31,550
Is the number

857
00:55:31,550 --> 00:55:33,989
A note is for example

858
00:55:33,989 --> 00:55:35,309
If the teacher writes

859
00:55:35,309 --> 00:55:37,949
Oh you did great, good job

860
00:55:37,949 --> 00:55:39,730
That is a note

861
00:55:39,730 --> 00:55:40,869
It's like a comment

862
00:55:40,869 --> 00:55:43,610
Then we have physics

863
00:55:43,610 --> 00:55:45,110
Which we talked about before

864
00:55:45,110 --> 00:55:46,849
The other type of science

865
00:55:46,849 --> 00:55:49,730
Then we have to practice as a verb

866
00:55:49,730 --> 00:55:52,110
And a practice as a noun

867
00:55:52,110 --> 00:55:54,909
So practice as a verb

868
00:55:54,909 --> 00:55:58,690
Is when you try to do an exercise many times

869
00:55:58,690 --> 00:55:59,949
In order to get better

870
00:55:59,949 --> 00:56:03,170
And a practice as a noun

871
00:56:03,170 --> 00:56:07,269
Is when you do an exercise that is only to try something out

872
00:56:07,269 --> 00:56:08,590
It's not a real test

873
00:56:08,590 --> 00:56:10,590
It's un ensayo, a practice

874
00:56:10,590 --> 00:56:12,670
We have project

875
00:56:12,670 --> 00:56:14,190
We have pupil

876
00:56:14,190 --> 00:56:16,230
another word for pupil

877
00:56:16,230 --> 00:56:18,050
here we have pupil

878
00:56:18,050 --> 00:56:19,809
is student

879
00:56:19,809 --> 00:56:20,829
or student

880
00:56:20,829 --> 00:56:23,989
then we have read, remember

881
00:56:23,989 --> 00:56:25,050
and rubber

882
00:56:25,050 --> 00:56:27,429
fairly easy

883
00:56:27,429 --> 00:56:30,250
let's finish our list with the fourth

884
00:56:30,250 --> 00:56:30,769
column

885
00:56:30,769 --> 00:56:32,610
when we

886
00:56:32,610 --> 00:56:36,449
underline titles or when we do

887
00:56:36,449 --> 00:56:37,710
maths

888
00:56:37,710 --> 00:56:40,110
we usually need to use a ruler

889
00:56:40,110 --> 00:56:42,110
which we use to measure

890
00:56:42,110 --> 00:56:44,050
or to do straight lines

891
00:56:44,050 --> 00:56:47,409
We also have school and then science.

892
00:56:48,110 --> 00:56:54,289
Remember, science includes natural and social science.

893
00:56:55,309 --> 00:56:59,110
And also, it can be divided into biology, chemistry, and physics.

894
00:56:59,630 --> 00:57:04,949
Then we have student, studies, and to study as a verb.

895
00:57:06,690 --> 00:57:09,710
Subject, which are the different things that you study in school.

896
00:57:10,170 --> 00:57:12,230
In Spanish, las asignaturas.

897
00:57:12,230 --> 00:57:14,869
then we have teach as a verb

898
00:57:14,869 --> 00:57:16,530
so the teacher

899
00:57:16,530 --> 00:57:17,989
teaches

900
00:57:17,989 --> 00:57:20,489
teach is the verb

901
00:57:20,489 --> 00:57:22,309
teacher is the person, the noun

902
00:57:22,309 --> 00:57:24,110
then the term

903
00:57:24,110 --> 00:57:26,849
the term is what we divide the school year

904
00:57:26,849 --> 00:57:28,489
so in Spain

905
00:57:28,489 --> 00:57:29,989
we have three terms

906
00:57:29,989 --> 00:57:32,329
we have the first term that goes

907
00:57:32,329 --> 00:57:34,289
from September to December

908
00:57:34,289 --> 00:57:36,210
then we have the second term

909
00:57:36,210 --> 00:57:38,210
which usually goes from January

910
00:57:38,210 --> 00:57:39,269
to Easter

911
00:57:39,269 --> 00:57:42,050
and then we have the third and last term

912
00:57:42,050 --> 00:57:47,289
which usually goes from after Easter to summer.

913
00:57:47,690 --> 00:57:50,349
Son los trimestres in Spanish, ok? The terms.

914
00:57:51,110 --> 00:57:54,070
And then finally, test and university.

915
00:57:55,110 --> 00:58:01,130
So, I hope that this video helps you understand these words a little bit better

916
00:58:01,130 --> 00:58:06,929
and help you do the activities that we asked you to do for today.

917
00:58:06,929 --> 00:58:16,929
Make sure that if you have any questions, you send, in the case of 5B and 5C, your teacher is Jose, you send him a message.

918
00:58:17,449 --> 00:58:22,829
And in the case of 5A, you send me a message if you have any questions.

919
00:58:23,650 --> 00:58:24,590
I'll see you soon.

920
00:58:26,789 --> 00:58:37,309
Good morning. Today I wanted to make a short video for you, reviewing what you saw in the video and activities from Tuesday.

921
00:58:37,309 --> 00:58:46,030
but I wanted to simplify it a little bit more so that it can help you do the activities for today

922
00:58:46,030 --> 00:58:49,250
and the activities that you will have to do next week.

923
00:58:51,170 --> 00:58:55,670
On Tuesday we saw the different uses of modal verbs.

924
00:58:56,269 --> 00:59:04,309
So when we are trying to express an ability or a possibility, we use can or could.

925
00:59:04,309 --> 00:59:13,750
When we're trying to ask for advice or give advice, we're going to use should or shouldn't.

926
00:59:14,170 --> 00:59:20,409
And when we're talking about obligation, we will use must or mustn't.

927
00:59:20,730 --> 00:59:27,909
So this is just a brief summary of all the modal verbs, so now we're going to see them one by one.

928
00:59:30,179 --> 00:59:34,800
We use must and mustn't for obligation or prohibition.

929
00:59:34,800 --> 00:59:42,119
So, if you have the obligation to do something, because it is very important that you do it.

930
00:59:42,559 --> 00:59:48,320
So, it would be considered an obligation or something that is a necessity or a strong recommendation.

931
00:59:49,019 --> 00:59:51,079
We would use must.

932
00:59:51,599 --> 00:59:58,480
So, we use must in the form of, first we put the subject, so the person.

933
00:59:58,900 --> 01:00:02,019
You have a little red square right there where you can see.

934
01:00:02,019 --> 01:00:11,219
Primero pones la persona, que es, por ejemplo, los estudiantes, y luego usas el verbo MUST, y luego usas el verbo en la forma base, o el infinitivo.

935
01:00:11,599 --> 01:00:17,760
Así que la frase sería como, los estudiantes deben estudiar duro para pasar un testeo.

936
01:00:19,699 --> 01:00:28,059
Cuando queremos decir que algo no es permitido, así que es prohibido, es una prohibición, usamos MUSTN'T.

937
01:00:28,059 --> 01:00:38,940
So, when we use mustn't, we also use the subject first, so the person, and then must not or mustn't, and then also followed by the verb in the base form.

938
01:00:39,400 --> 01:00:44,900
So, you have an example there, Patricia mustn't be absent from class.

939
01:00:46,380 --> 01:00:55,900
If we want to use questions, you're not going to have to use them this year, but it's something that you can bear in mind for the future.

940
01:00:55,900 --> 01:00:59,920
If you're doing questions with must or mustn't

941
01:00:59,920 --> 01:01:03,480
So if for example you want to ask a teacher

942
01:01:03,480 --> 01:01:06,019
Or you want to ask your mom or an adult

943
01:01:06,019 --> 01:01:09,099
If something is allowed

944
01:01:09,099 --> 01:01:16,099
You can use the verb must or mustn't in a question

945
01:01:16,099 --> 01:01:17,360
So you could say

946
01:01:17,360 --> 01:01:21,809
Teacher, must we

947
01:01:21,809 --> 01:01:27,230
So first we have must and then the person

948
01:01:27,230 --> 01:01:31,929
So, must we bring a ruler to school every day?

949
01:01:32,429 --> 01:01:35,989
So, you're asking if there is an obligation for you to bring a ruler.

950
01:01:36,590 --> 01:01:40,690
And also, you can use them with WH questions.

951
01:01:42,110 --> 01:01:49,690
If somebody does something that they shouldn't be doing, you can say,

952
01:01:50,210 --> 01:01:53,570
Why must you bring your phone to school every day?

953
01:01:53,570 --> 01:01:59,670
Now let's look at the small activity I put at the top

954
01:01:59,670 --> 01:02:05,030
So let's try and decide if we need to use must or mustn't

955
01:02:05,030 --> 01:02:09,550
So number one, it says you be on time to school

956
01:02:09,550 --> 01:02:13,389
So you need to think if it's something that is prohibited

957
01:02:13,389 --> 01:02:14,730
that you mustn't do

958
01:02:14,730 --> 01:02:16,690
or if it's something that is an obligation

959
01:02:16,690 --> 01:02:18,150
which is you must do

960
01:02:18,150 --> 01:02:27,789
So, in this case, it would be must, because it's an obligation, you must.

961
01:02:31,239 --> 01:02:35,380
Now, let's look at sentence number two, you do your homework.

962
01:02:35,820 --> 01:02:43,380
So, if it's a prohibition, you mustn't do your homework, or if it's an obligation, you must do your homework.

963
01:02:43,960 --> 01:02:45,199
What do you think?

964
01:02:46,639 --> 01:02:47,840
Yes, very good.

965
01:02:47,840 --> 01:02:54,469
This one is also an obligation, so you must do your homework.

966
01:02:55,090 --> 01:02:56,489
And now example number three.

967
01:02:57,150 --> 01:02:59,289
You use your phone in class.

968
01:02:59,510 --> 01:03:03,710
So, if you think it's a prohibition, you use mustn't.

969
01:03:03,710 --> 01:03:06,230
And if you think it's an obligation, you use must.

970
01:03:06,989 --> 01:03:12,369
So, in this case, yes, we use mustn't because it's a prohibition.

971
01:03:12,929 --> 01:03:16,389
It's something that is not allowed.

972
01:03:18,699 --> 01:03:19,260
Good job.

973
01:03:19,260 --> 01:03:22,480
Now let's look at the next slide.

974
01:03:24,440 --> 01:03:29,059
Shouldn't is used for giving advice or making suggestions.

975
01:03:29,900 --> 01:03:38,340
So with the difference of must, in must we were trying to convince someone that something was an obligation or a necessity.

976
01:03:38,780 --> 01:03:46,199
Whereas when we use should, we're just trying to make a polite suggestion or give them advice about something.

977
01:03:46,199 --> 01:03:53,860
And sometimes it's also used when something is likely to happen in the present or in the future.

978
01:03:54,639 --> 01:03:59,539
If we want to make a positive suggestion, we say should.

979
01:04:00,019 --> 01:04:02,659
So, for example, the one you have right there.

980
01:04:03,380 --> 01:04:07,280
Your hair is too long. You should get a haircut.

981
01:04:08,139 --> 01:04:14,000
And then if we're trying to give them something that is a negative suggestion or negative advice,

982
01:04:14,000 --> 01:04:17,960
which means when you're advising somebody not to do something

983
01:04:17,960 --> 01:04:20,699
is the one you have in the red box underneath

984
01:04:20,699 --> 01:04:24,300
which is you shouldn't throw your litter

985
01:04:24,300 --> 01:04:26,579
litter means your rubbish or your trash

986
01:04:26,579 --> 01:04:28,280
onto your street.

987
01:04:28,820 --> 01:04:32,119
So this is just an advice of something that you should not do.

988
01:04:32,300 --> 01:04:35,480
That's why at the bottom I wrote positive or negative advice

989
01:04:35,480 --> 01:04:39,300
because it could be something that you should or you shouldn't be doing.

990
01:04:40,019 --> 01:04:43,239
And also on your right I put an example of how it would be

991
01:04:43,239 --> 01:04:49,880
as a question. So when you do a question using should, you usually put should, then

992
01:04:49,880 --> 01:04:55,139
the person, and then the verb. If you look at the example you have at the bottom in

993
01:04:55,139 --> 01:05:04,179
purple, should I buy the red shirt or the blue shirt? You can also notice that in

994
01:05:04,179 --> 01:05:09,920
the case of questions with should, the same way as with the must, we use the verb

995
01:05:09,920 --> 01:05:16,699
in the base form. Now let's try and do the activities that I wrote at the top. So we

996
01:05:16,699 --> 01:05:23,340
need to decide if we're going to use should or shouldn't, depending if you think it's

997
01:05:23,340 --> 01:05:29,400
something that you should be doing or something that you shouldn't be doing. So it's cold

998
01:05:29,400 --> 01:05:38,039
today. You wear a scarf. So imagine it's winter and it's very cold. Would you recommend someone

999
01:05:38,039 --> 01:05:45,760
to wear a scarf or not to wear it yes we would recommend the person to wear it so you should

1000
01:05:45,760 --> 01:05:58,079
it's positive positive advice number two you eat sweets every day do you think it's something that

1001
01:05:58,079 --> 01:06:07,420
a person should be doing or maybe maybe not maybe they shouldn't yes i agree that it's a negative

1002
01:06:07,420 --> 01:06:09,260
so you shouldn't

1003
01:06:09,260 --> 01:06:11,739
it's something that you should not be doing

1004
01:06:11,739 --> 01:06:16,469
and then number three

1005
01:06:16,469 --> 01:06:18,650
you go to bed late

1006
01:06:18,650 --> 01:06:20,909
so think if going to bed late

1007
01:06:20,909 --> 01:06:22,789
is a good thing or a bad thing

1008
01:06:22,789 --> 01:06:24,829
I would say that if you're going to

1009
01:06:24,829 --> 01:06:26,429
have to go to school

1010
01:06:26,429 --> 01:06:28,409
or do work from home for school

1011
01:06:28,409 --> 01:06:30,630
the next day, I think that it's

1012
01:06:30,630 --> 01:06:32,989
not a good thing that you go to bed

1013
01:06:32,989 --> 01:06:34,769
late so that you should

1014
01:06:34,769 --> 01:06:36,110
be using the negative form

1015
01:06:36,110 --> 01:06:37,250
you shouldn't

1016
01:06:37,250 --> 01:06:40,449
Because it's something that should not be done

1017
01:06:40,449 --> 01:06:44,210
Good job

1018
01:06:44,210 --> 01:06:48,269
Now let's go on to our last section on can and could

1019
01:06:48,269 --> 01:06:54,030
Can and could is a little bit more complex than the other ones

1020
01:06:54,030 --> 01:06:57,329
Because they can be used for the same thing

1021
01:06:57,329 --> 01:07:01,030
But depending if you're saying it in the present or in the past

1022
01:07:01,030 --> 01:07:03,150
You might use one or the other

1023
01:07:03,150 --> 01:07:06,750
So this one is a little trickier than the other ones we saw

1024
01:07:06,750 --> 01:07:11,429
But we just need to try and start to learn it

1025
01:07:11,429 --> 01:07:14,650
And don't worry about it because we will review it next year

1026
01:07:14,650 --> 01:07:19,050
So normally we use them for ability and possibility

1027
01:07:19,050 --> 01:07:24,889
And normally if you're trying to express ability in the present or in the future

1028
01:07:24,889 --> 01:07:26,489
We're going to use can

1029
01:07:26,489 --> 01:07:29,949
So I can speak English fluently

1030
01:07:29,949 --> 01:07:33,369
But if you're saying something in the past

1031
01:07:33,369 --> 01:07:36,550
Maybe something that you had the ability to do

1032
01:07:36,550 --> 01:07:37,889
when you were little

1033
01:07:37,889 --> 01:07:39,849
then you would use could

1034
01:07:39,849 --> 01:07:42,449
when I was little I could

1035
01:07:42,449 --> 01:07:43,909
play with the hula hoop

1036
01:07:43,909 --> 01:07:45,630
that could be an example

1037
01:07:45,630 --> 01:07:48,389
also it's usually used for

1038
01:07:48,389 --> 01:07:49,769
for possibility

1039
01:07:49,769 --> 01:07:51,989
so if we are

1040
01:07:51,989 --> 01:07:54,710
saying something that is just generally

1041
01:07:54,710 --> 01:07:56,789
we're going to use can

1042
01:07:56,789 --> 01:07:58,630
so Spanish

1043
01:07:58,630 --> 01:08:00,510
people can

1044
01:08:00,510 --> 01:08:02,590
stay in the sun

1045
01:08:02,590 --> 01:08:03,909
for a very long time

1046
01:08:03,909 --> 01:08:06,269
or if we're talking about

1047
01:08:06,269 --> 01:08:07,989
a un evento específico,

1048
01:08:08,230 --> 01:08:09,949
usaríamos COULD.

1049
01:08:10,329 --> 01:08:11,610
Así que tienes un ejemplo ahí.

1050
01:08:11,929 --> 01:08:13,829
Si están hablando de un

1051
01:08:13,829 --> 01:08:15,590
forecast de clima, podrías decir

1052
01:08:15,590 --> 01:08:18,310
El clima este verano en España

1053
01:08:18,310 --> 01:08:20,229
podría ser muy

1054
01:08:20,229 --> 01:08:21,270
caliente.

1055
01:08:22,569 --> 01:08:24,329
Algo que puedes aprender

1056
01:08:24,329 --> 01:08:26,130
para la próxima referencia

1057
01:08:26,130 --> 01:08:28,029
es que cuando estamos

1058
01:08:28,029 --> 01:08:29,989
tratando de ser polígicos

1059
01:08:29,989 --> 01:08:31,909
cuando estamos hablando con un adulto

1060
01:08:31,909 --> 01:08:33,590
o con una persona que no sabemos

1061
01:08:33,590 --> 01:08:35,810
tenemos que usar COULD

1062
01:08:35,810 --> 01:08:41,189
Normalmente, si estamos haciendo una solicitud o si estamos preguntando si podemos hacer algo,

1063
01:08:41,609 --> 01:08:43,270
entonces tenemos que usar COULD.

1064
01:08:43,710 --> 01:08:48,869
Entonces, ¿podrías, por favor, me dar la agua?

1065
01:08:49,210 --> 01:08:51,569
Por ejemplo, si estás en un cenar.

1066
01:08:52,770 --> 01:08:56,810
Y usaríamos CAN si estamos en un sistema informal.

1067
01:08:57,750 --> 01:09:00,529
Entonces, por ejemplo, si estás en casa y quieres la agua,

1068
01:09:00,529 --> 01:09:04,770
te dirías a tu hermano o a tu hermana, ¿me puedes dar la agua?

1069
01:09:04,770 --> 01:09:07,550
and that's it, it's more for informal

1070
01:09:07,550 --> 01:09:09,550
so if we're trying to be polite

1071
01:09:09,550 --> 01:09:11,569
to ask something, we would use

1072
01:09:11,569 --> 01:09:13,449
could, and if we're in an informal

1073
01:09:13,449 --> 01:09:14,930
setting, we would use

1074
01:09:14,930 --> 01:09:17,630
can. In the box

1075
01:09:17,630 --> 01:09:19,310
on the right, you have the negative

1076
01:09:19,310 --> 01:09:21,489
forms for each of them, so

1077
01:09:21,489 --> 01:09:23,310
it just doesn't change the meaning

1078
01:09:23,310 --> 01:09:25,310
it will be the same meaning, but

1079
01:09:25,310 --> 01:09:27,409
if we want to say something in the negative

1080
01:09:27,409 --> 01:09:29,050
we would just transform

1081
01:09:29,050 --> 01:09:31,329
the verb can into can't

1082
01:09:31,329 --> 01:09:33,350
and the verb could into

1083
01:09:33,350 --> 01:09:38,529
couldn't so you have an example there for something that is related to ability

1084
01:09:38,529 --> 01:09:43,250
Richard can speak French fluently if you wanted to say the same thing but in

1085
01:09:43,250 --> 01:09:48,649
negative we would say Richard can't speak French fluently and the same with

1086
01:09:48,649 --> 01:09:55,130
could if we're talking about a past ability that somebody had my sister

1087
01:09:55,130 --> 01:10:00,770
could swim when I was six that would be in the negative my sister couldn't swim

1088
01:10:00,770 --> 01:10:06,930
The difference between the other ones that we saw is that really the meaning doesn't change.

1089
01:10:07,350 --> 01:10:14,770
So just depending if we're using the positive or negative, we always have to look to the general meaning of the word.

1090
01:10:15,130 --> 01:10:23,350
So in order to know if you're using can or if you're using could, we need to look at the list of things that I just reviewed.

1091
01:10:23,770 --> 01:10:29,869
And if it's related to one of them, but in the negative, you just change that word into the negative form and that would be it.

1092
01:10:29,869 --> 01:10:33,569
Let's try and do the activities that I put at the top

1093
01:10:33,569 --> 01:10:36,829
I just wrote so you could make a difference between can and could

1094
01:10:36,829 --> 01:10:40,909
Because as I just told you, if you know the difference between can and could

1095
01:10:40,909 --> 01:10:45,409
If they are asking you in the negative, you just need to transform it into the negative

1096
01:10:45,409 --> 01:10:49,369
So really the important part here is to know the difference between the two of them

1097
01:10:49,369 --> 01:10:52,050
Independently if they are negative or positive

1098
01:10:52,050 --> 01:10:53,430
Number one

1099
01:10:53,430 --> 01:10:58,449
Tom is very smart, he solved the problem easily

1100
01:10:58,449 --> 01:11:01,170
So here you need to look at the verb

1101
01:11:01,170 --> 01:11:03,489
Because it's talking about Tom's ability

1102
01:11:03,489 --> 01:11:06,630
So we need to see if it's in the present or in the past

1103
01:11:06,630 --> 01:11:08,970
Tom is, is, is in the present

1104
01:11:08,970 --> 01:11:10,729
So we need to use can

1105
01:11:10,729 --> 01:11:12,270
He can

1106
01:11:12,270 --> 01:11:17,850
Let's do number two

1107
01:11:17,850 --> 01:11:22,970
I have an apple, please

1108
01:11:22,970 --> 01:11:26,710
So here you're asking for permission

1109
01:11:26,710 --> 01:11:28,689
Or the ability to have something

1110
01:11:28,689 --> 01:11:32,350
So the fact that we have the word please

1111
01:11:32,350 --> 01:11:34,369
is telling me that it's polite

1112
01:11:34,369 --> 01:11:36,729
so I would have to use

1113
01:11:36,729 --> 01:11:37,390
could

1114
01:11:37,390 --> 01:11:39,449
could I have an apple please

1115
01:11:39,449 --> 01:11:45,819
this part would be a question

1116
01:11:45,819 --> 01:11:46,920
there we go please

1117
01:11:46,920 --> 01:11:49,760
mom

1118
01:11:49,760 --> 01:11:51,239
I watch TV

1119
01:11:51,239 --> 01:11:53,640
so here you're also asking for

1120
01:11:53,640 --> 01:11:56,340
the permission or for the ability to do something

1121
01:11:56,340 --> 01:11:58,600
so here but you're asking your mom

1122
01:11:58,600 --> 01:12:00,720
so as it's informal we would say

1123
01:12:00,720 --> 01:12:01,619
mom

1124
01:12:01,619 --> 01:12:02,840
can

1125
01:12:02,840 --> 01:12:06,260
can I watch TV

1126
01:12:06,260 --> 01:12:19,699
Ok, bueno, este es el final de nuestro video de revisión, asegúrense de hacer también todas las actividades en línea y enviarnos mensajes si tienen alguna pregunta.

1127
01:12:20,399 --> 01:12:30,909
Buenos días a todos, hoy vamos a hacer la última parte de esta unidad que corresponde a literatura donde vamos a trabajar la leyenda.

1128
01:12:31,550 --> 01:12:35,970
Lo podéis encontrar en las páginas 152 y 153 de vuestro libro.

1129
01:12:35,970 --> 01:12:42,449
Antes de empezar a hablar de la leyenda, como ya nos estamos acercando al final de curso

1130
01:12:42,449 --> 01:12:46,069
Quería haceros un breve resumen de lo que hemos hecho este curso

1131
01:12:46,069 --> 01:12:52,409
En este curso empezamos diferenciando la prosa del verso y empezamos a ver los géneros literarios

1132
01:12:52,409 --> 01:12:56,090
Y vimos que podía haber género narrativo, lírico o dramático

1133
01:12:56,090 --> 01:12:59,829
Dentro del lírico estuvimos trabajando los poemas

1134
01:12:59,829 --> 01:13:04,329
Y dentro del narrativo estuvimos trabajando la fábula, el cuento y la novela

1135
01:13:04,329 --> 01:13:18,890
Pues hoy la leyenda también va a caer dentro de esa clasificación narrativa y lo que nos quedaría por ver este curso, que seguramente ya lo veamos el curso que viene, sería el teatro, que entraría dentro del género literario dramático.

1136
01:13:19,449 --> 01:13:25,989
Y ahí tenéis un par de cosas que los diferencian los unos de los otros por si queréis repasar un poco lo que vimos a principio de curso.

1137
01:13:25,989 --> 01:13:33,920
Las leyendas son obras narrativas en las que se cuentan hechos prodigiosos o maravillosos

1138
01:13:33,920 --> 01:13:36,939
que se presentan como si realmente hubieran sucedido.

1139
01:13:37,720 --> 01:13:43,159
Estas leyendas intentan explicar el origen del universo, del ser humano, del nombre de un lugar

1140
01:13:43,159 --> 01:13:46,340
o incluso de la formación de un accidente geográfico.

1141
01:13:46,939 --> 01:13:49,359
Pueden ser anónimas o pueden tener un autor.

1142
01:13:50,060 --> 01:13:56,159
Las leyendas populares son aquellas que no tienen autor ya que fueron transmitidas oralmente de generación en generación

1143
01:13:56,159 --> 01:14:00,000
mientras que las leyendas de autor sí que tienen un autor individual

1144
01:14:00,000 --> 01:14:03,380
pero que normalmente se ha basado en un relato antiguo

1145
01:14:03,380 --> 01:14:06,159
y lo ha combinado con elementos de su propia invención.

1146
01:14:07,659 --> 01:14:10,619
Os he querido también incluir un pequeño diagrama

1147
01:14:10,619 --> 01:14:14,180
que va un poquito en detalle en cuanto a los elementos de una leyenda

1148
01:14:14,180 --> 01:14:18,640
y que lo va a diferenciar de otros géneros dentro de la narrativa

1149
01:14:18,640 --> 01:14:22,359
como por ejemplo de la fábula, de la novela o del cuento.

1150
01:14:22,899 --> 01:14:32,300
El narrador puede ser tercera persona, puede ser un narrador testigo o incluso puede ser el protagonista que está relatando la historia en primera persona.

1151
01:14:33,460 --> 01:14:44,680
Esos personajes normalmente suelen enfrentarse con seres sobrenaturales y esto suele suceder en un tiempo y un espacio lejano, pero en una época determinada.

1152
01:14:44,680 --> 01:14:57,680
Y la acción está bastante relacionada con los personajes, ya que ellos se suelen enfrentar con seres sobrenaturales y se pueden ver realizando tareas muy difíciles, prodigiosas o incluso misteriosas.

1153
01:14:59,220 --> 01:15:12,539
Todos estos rasgos constitutivos ponen a la leyenda como un ejemplo de narrativa, pero lo distinguen de otros tipos de narrativas, como os he comentado antes, por ejemplo, lo de pueden distinguir de la fábula o de la novela.

1154
01:15:12,539 --> 01:15:22,439
Bueno, pues hoy lo que tenéis que hacer es que tenéis que leer la página 152 y tenéis que copiar ese recuadro salmón en el cuaderno

1155
01:15:22,439 --> 01:15:30,199
Todo lo que os he explicado en las diapositivas pues es un pequeño resumen de lo que habéis leído en esta página 152

1156
01:15:30,439 --> 01:15:38,079
Una vez que hayáis terminado de copiar el recuadro salmón vais a tener que leer el ejemplo de leyenda que tenéis en la página 153

1157
01:15:38,079 --> 01:15:43,140
y vais a tener que contestar a una serie de preguntas que están relacionadas con esa lectura.

1158
01:15:43,800 --> 01:15:49,880
En el día de hoy vais a tener que contestar a todas esas preguntas, a la 1, a la 2, a la 3, a la 4 y a la 5.

1159
01:15:50,380 --> 01:15:54,000
No son complicadas y os llevará un poquito de rato, ¿vale?

1160
01:15:54,000 --> 01:15:59,880
Pero tenéis que leer la lectura con cuidado y tranquilamente, sin prisas, para que os salga bien.

1161
01:16:01,899 --> 01:16:08,579
Cuando hayáis terminado de contestar esas preguntas en el cuaderno, pues vais a subir la foto al Google Classroom

1162
01:16:08,579 --> 01:16:15,260
y lo podéis acompañar de un comentario donde nos vais a decir si os ha parecido difícil lo de hoy de la leyenda

1163
01:16:15,260 --> 01:16:19,619
y si os habéis quedado con alguna pregunta pues nos lo podéis poner ahí en el comentario

1164
01:16:19,619 --> 01:16:25,039
quinto C me lo deja a mí y quinto B y quinto A pues lo dejáis a Carlos

1165
01:16:25,039 --> 01:16:27,300
que tengáis buena tarde chicos

1166
01:16:27,300 --> 01:16:36,210
buenos días a todos, hoy vamos a hacer un poquito de dictado que hace ya tiempo que no hacemos ninguno

1167
01:16:36,210 --> 01:16:41,029
entonces lo que vamos a hacer es que vamos a hacer un dictado de 10 palabras

1168
01:16:41,029 --> 01:16:45,449
y a continuación vamos a hacer el dictado de un pequeño párrafo

1169
01:16:45,449 --> 01:16:50,250
vais a tener que tener cuidado con los acentos, con las mayúsculas, minúsculas

1170
01:16:50,250 --> 01:16:58,529
y otras cosas que hemos trabajado como palabras que terminan en Y, palabras con doble C, B y V, C o Z o B o G

1171
01:16:58,529 --> 01:17:02,630
primero vamos a hacer el dictado de palabras

1172
01:17:02,630 --> 01:17:06,850
si tenéis vuestro cuadernillo de dictado, si os lo trajisteis del cole

1173
01:17:06,850 --> 01:17:09,029
pues lo podéis hacer en el cuadernillo de dictado

1174
01:17:09,029 --> 01:17:12,729
si no lo tenéis no os preocupéis, lo podéis hacer en el cuaderno de lengua

1175
01:17:12,729 --> 01:17:16,449
podéis poner dictado, podéis poner dictado de palabras

1176
01:17:16,449 --> 01:17:20,050
o dictado tercer trimestre y ponéis la fecha del día de hoy

1177
01:17:20,050 --> 01:17:22,909
y entonces ya empezamos, ponéis números

1178
01:17:22,909 --> 01:17:27,010
del 1 al 10, os doy un par de segunditos

1179
01:17:27,010 --> 01:17:30,869
y empiezo a dictaros las palabras, os voy a repetir cada palabra dos veces

1180
01:17:30,869 --> 01:17:36,409
Pero bueno, como esto es un vídeo, si necesitáis escucharlo más veces, pues podéis hacerlo, ¿vale?

1181
01:17:36,689 --> 01:17:39,050
Podéis rebobinarlo y volverlo a escuchar.

1182
01:17:47,359 --> 01:17:49,779
Empezamos con la primera palabra.

1183
01:17:51,079 --> 01:17:58,920
La uno es accedió, accedió.

1184
01:18:00,420 --> 01:18:07,899
La palabra número dos es voy, voy.

1185
01:18:07,899 --> 01:18:18,670
La palabra número tres es acción, acción.

1186
01:18:23,079 --> 01:18:30,239
La palabra cuatro es extinción, extinción.

1187
01:18:35,840 --> 01:18:43,590
La cinco es iniciativa, iniciativa.

1188
01:18:43,590 --> 01:18:52,729
La seis, subvención, subvención.

1189
01:18:56,189 --> 01:19:04,109
La siete es un nombre, no es un bollo de la pastelería, es un nombre.

1190
01:19:04,930 --> 01:19:08,289
Magdalena, magdalena.

1191
01:19:08,289 --> 01:19:49,590
La ocho, comenzado. La nueve, impaciente. Y la diez, inseparables. Voy a empezar ahora con el dictado del párrafo. Voy a repetir cada oración dos veces.

1192
01:19:49,590 --> 01:19:52,810
sé que hay oraciones que son bastante largas

1193
01:19:52,810 --> 01:19:59,149
pero bueno, como podéis rebobinarlo y ponerlo tantas veces como sea necesario

1194
01:19:59,149 --> 01:20:03,289
pues no voy a ir tan lenta como si estuviésemos en clase

1195
01:20:03,289 --> 01:20:06,689
porque bueno, podéis escucharlo una y otra y otra y otra vez

1196
01:20:06,689 --> 01:20:10,250
hasta que estéis seguros de que lo habéis completado correctamente

1197
01:20:10,250 --> 01:20:12,989
tener en cuenta que bueno, que va a haber tildes

1198
01:20:12,989 --> 01:20:15,390
intentaré acentuarlo un poquito

1199
01:20:15,390 --> 01:20:17,270
pero bueno, ya estáis en quinto

1200
01:20:17,270 --> 01:20:21,590
tenéis que empezar a poner tildes solitos.

1201
01:20:22,149 --> 01:20:25,649
Entonces, bueno, el título del dictado es

1202
01:20:25,649 --> 01:20:28,949
Un feliz contratiempo.

1203
01:20:35,739 --> 01:20:49,789
Hace un par de sábados, coma, salí a dar un paseo en bicicleta, punto y seguido.

1204
01:20:49,789 --> 01:21:05,989
Hace un par de sábados, coma, salí a dar un paseo en bicicleta, punto y seguido.

1205
01:21:12,689 --> 01:21:21,569
A la vuelta, coma, tuve un pequeño accidente y se me rompió el manillar.

1206
01:21:21,569 --> 01:21:37,840
A la vuelta, coma, tuve un pequeño accidente y se me rompió el manillar.

1207
01:21:37,939 --> 01:22:19,609
No sabía qué hacer, pero de repente un chico se ofreció a ayudarme.

1208
01:22:19,609 --> 01:22:47,039
punto y seguido. Él vivía cerca, coma, así que me prestó su bicicleta y me dio su jersey para que no pasara frío, punto y seguido.

1209
01:22:47,039 --> 01:23:07,899
Él vivía cerca, coma, así que me prestó su bicicleta y me dio su jersey para que no pasara frío, punto y seguido.

1210
01:23:15,460 --> 01:23:27,939
Para agradecerle su generosa acción, coma, lo invité a merendar al día siguiente, punto y final.

1211
01:23:27,939 --> 01:23:42,130
Para agradecerle su generosa acción, lo invité a merendar al día siguiente.

1212
01:24:06,960 --> 01:24:13,079
y vais a corregiros la lista de palabras, vais a tener que corregiros,

1213
01:24:13,180 --> 01:24:19,000
así por ejemplo os falta una tilde, pues con un color diferente al que habéis utilizado para escribir las palabras,

1214
01:24:19,140 --> 01:24:23,920
vais a tener que corregiroslo y vais a tener que poneros una nota sobre 10.

1215
01:24:24,659 --> 01:24:30,140
Y ya sabéis, si tenéis faltas, luego tenéis que copiar debajo las palabras otra vez para aprenderoslas.

1216
01:24:30,739 --> 01:24:35,920
Cuando nosotros veamos las fotos de vuestro trabajo, tenemos que poder ver que os lo habéis corregido

1217
01:24:35,920 --> 01:24:39,319
y que os habéis puesto una nota sobre 10 en el dictado de palabras.

1218
01:24:40,100 --> 01:24:43,020
Con el dictado de este párrafo no tenéis que poneros nota,

1219
01:24:43,020 --> 01:24:48,560
pero sí que también con un boli de otro color tenéis que marcar donde tengáis los errores

1220
01:24:48,560 --> 01:24:52,720
y tenéis que volver a escribir aquellas palabras en las que os falte una tilde

1221
01:24:52,720 --> 01:24:57,920
o tengáis una confusión entre B y V, por ejemplo, tenéis que volverlas a escribir

1222
01:24:57,920 --> 01:25:01,699
al menos 10 veces cada una, ¿sí?

1223
01:25:01,699 --> 01:25:07,899
Y ya, pues nos lo mandáis todo completito para que nosotros veamos que os lo habéis corregido, que lo habéis revisado.

1224
01:25:08,500 --> 01:25:13,920
Si hay alguna palabra que tenéis duda, bueno, pues nos dejáis un comentario y nosotros os ayudamos.