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Well, as we have already said, the main activity of the technology is to create new tools and new objects that can easier our lives.

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It is really true, but this process is complex, as you can imagine.

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What happens is that we usually simplify this process in the workshop, but indeed, in real life, the process is very, very complex.

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One of the steps in this process is the manufacturing process, in which you create the elements and the tools and the objects.

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So, in this video I'm trying to describe the process that led us to change the shapes of the materials

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to make new objects, new tools and new devices.

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So it's very complicated because

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If you remember, in our workshop, firstly, we need to cut the materials to give the shapes to the different parts of the objects.

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So, this is the first, the one of the descriptions in real life, the tools that we usually use

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to do the parts of the devices are more complicated than the tools and devices you usually use

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in our workshop.

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So we can start our description describing the different processes that lead us to do

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forms, to do shapes to the parts.

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After that we revise also how you can join the different parts in an object.

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finally the finishing techniques that is very important because you can make the things that

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a long life without any any raft well manufacturing process is really complicated what we have in the

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nature is raw materials but as we have already studied in this lesson, raw materials must be

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changing and prepared to the manufacturing and production.

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When we have the product, we need to deliver this product to the consumer.

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The consumer usually uses it at the end of his life.

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And then we have some ores that we need to recycle.

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Recycling nowadays is the most common, we usually recycling our devices after use them.

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So this is more or less the manufacturing process.

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To change the shapes of the raw materials we can use four main processes and we have

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two main types.

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One is without any chip start and without chip start.

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With ship start there are two main processes, one by solidification and the other one by

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plastic deformation.

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And on the other hand with ship start we have with twist or with displacement.

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Moulding, what we do is the solidification of a liquid in a mould.

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It can be in a sat or in clay, if the object is very big, or using moulds made with steel,

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for example.

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It's different, it depends on the size of the object.

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obviously the the very complicated itself and if you have a a big drop you need

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so many energy to do this surface but on the other hand um on the other hand

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because is quite a quite energy process because of the temperature and the energy in this in this

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This process is less when the size of drops increase.

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So taking these two opposition processes the result is that you have a size, a critic size,

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in which the drop is stable.

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It is not really true because you need also time to do this process and this process need

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that the molecules and the atoms can move in a very strange environment.

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So they need time to do this movement.

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So if you want to create a drop of solid in a liquid, it's better that you have some solid

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in a liquid, which is usually called a heterogeneous nucleation.

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The way in which the solid is created is also very complicated, because it needs that the

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temperature is lower than the fusion point, so it creates dendrites and it has this shape,

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the solid in liquids have this shape, similar to a tree, that is the reason why it's called

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dendrites.

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On the other hand, you can also give different shapes without melting things, just only to soften them.

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It's very often for metals and very often also for plastic materials.

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in this case what you do is what you usually make is a heating and this heat

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can soften the materials then in the in this in this state this softer state you

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can give plastic deformation with plastic deformation you can change the

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shapes very easily without so many force without so many energy and then you can

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chill in or or just only cooling the piece at the end the part of the thing

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Forging is one of the oldest method of this process to give shapes for

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example to steel and it's very important in our develop in one of the

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technology developed also stamping in a stamping you have a matrix is similar to a mold and a due

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to the force into this mattress to give the shapes also have other types of proceeds such

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as extrusion. Extrusion and candering are very similar. In extrusion you have material that is

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heating and then is pushed into a extruder and then the result is the pieces of extruder. It is

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very common for plastic and also for metals. An injection is very similar but in this case you

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push into a mold is very very important for aluminium for example and plastic to

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give different shapes. You can also give the right shape to the object

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cutting them with an industrial lathe for cylindrical shaped things or milling

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if you have more plain things. In any case you cut the excess of materials.

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Also in drilling, in drilling you can cut the materials and do holes, and it's very important.

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This is the machine for drilling.

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When you have the parts, you need to join them, and you can join in two different ways.

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In one way the joint is stable and fixed and the other way the joint can be chained, it's not stable, it's a temporary joint.

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One of the most important fixed permanent joints can be adhesive. Nowadays it is very important because you can do adhesive for everything, including the metals.

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So it's very important because the plastic are developing and they usually use as adhesive. So adhesive as a permanent joint is one of the best options.

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Another option could be, as we can see later, other types.

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For example, one option to permanent joint could be using riveting or riveting can be another permanent joint.

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Obviously, the welding or solder, you can have two different types of welding.

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One which is using lead or tin as material of adhesive, more or less, and another in

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which you use, for example, steel materials to do the join. The main

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problem is temperature, as you can imagine. If you use a leaf of tin, the

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welding is soft and you can do without, for example, using

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electricity is very common for electrical uses but if you want to to

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heat the metal such as steel you need more temperatures so you need for

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example birth acetylene which is a very specific chemical product in this case

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you also need to protect the metal from the oxidation because if the temperature

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is so high the metal can oxidize very very easily. So you usually use for

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example argon or another gas to protect metal from oxidation. Sometimes it's

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very important that I will join can be the table so in this case we can use for

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example really we can use spins or bold that that can be used in this in this

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cases to protect our final work and to do to do this and to give better and to

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improve the beauty of our product we can use painting art or another techniques

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that can improve the beauty and also protect from the from the from the air

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or other things this video this is the end of this presentation