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Hello everyone! Let's continue talking about early modern Spain. In this video

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we will discuss the founding of a great empire, the rise of the monarchy in the

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16th century, the cost of maintaining the empire, and Spanish society under the

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Habsburgs. The founding of a great empire. Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of

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Aragon had a daughter named Juana. She was Juana of Castilla. Maximilian of

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Austria had a son Philip of Habsburg Juana and Philip had a son named Carlos

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he was Carlos the first of Spain and the fifth of Germany Carlos the first of

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Spain inherited a great empire made up of the Hispanic kingdoms the conquered

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lands in the Americas, and several European territories. You can see some of Carlos's empire

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in this photo on the right. His empire is shown in green. The red line represents the boundaries

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of the Germanic Empire. Carlos I was the first Hispanic monarch from the Habsburg dynasty.

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In Spain, they were called the Austrians. When Carlos I of Spain died, the empire was divided

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into two, so they split the empire. Carlos's brother Fernando inherited the Austrian and

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German territories. Carlos's son Felipe received the rest of the empire, including Portugal.

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The Rise of the Monarchy in the 16th Century

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The Spanish kings, Carlos I and Felipe II, attempted to strengthen their power over the

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peninsular kingdoms and maintain their authority in Europe. The monarchs took all the decisions

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with the help of their advisors.

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They created new jobs.

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Now there were judges, scribes, and tax collectors.

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These new jobs could only be held by nobles with clean blood.

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So these jobs could only be held by privileged individuals

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with what the monarchy thought of as clean blood so they could not have

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Moorish or Jewish blood the riches that arrived from the Americas led to great

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economic growth the gold and silver increased the wealth of the privileged

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classes. So the privileged classes had more wealth. They had more money. The cost

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of maintaining the Empire. In the second half of the 16th century, an economic

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crisis developed. This crisis lasted until the 17th century. To maintain the

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Empire, a huge amount of money was required. They needed money to pay the

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workers and soldiers. The monarchs used gold and silver that came from the

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Americas and took loans from banks. So they increased the taxes paid by the

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working class. They needed more money to maintain a large empire so the working

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class people had to pay the government more money. This meant that a large

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sector of society grew poorer. Spanish society under the Habsburgs. Spanish

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society under the Habsburgs was stratified. There was a privileged group

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and a non-privileged group. The privileged did not work. They lived from the rent

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from their properties and did not pay taxes. So the privileged made money because they owned

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property. The people who lived on their property paid them. The privileged included the nobility,

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clergy, and hidalgos. The non-privileged carried out all the work and paid taxes,

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so life was harder for the non-privileged. This group included the peasants,

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the bourgeoisie the bourgeoisie were the artisans shopkeepers and bankers non-privileged included

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the urban working-class and beggars and thieves Spanish society under the Habsburgs the nobility

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They lived in grand palaces and in great comfort.

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They held parties and receptions in their palaces.

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The thieves.

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They survived by stealing.

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Beggars and tramps.

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They traveled around the countryside and cities begging.

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They lived off of charity.

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The peasants.

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They made up the largest part of the population.

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and lived in poverty. They went to the city markets to sell their products.

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Hidalgos. They were untitled or less wealthy nobles with few assets. They were often officers

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in the army or held a position in court. Artisans and shopkeepers. They were the bourgeoisie and

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lived in the cities, clergy and nuns. They were very numerous because the church played an important

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role in society. All right, that's all for now.