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Hello guys, today we are going to learn about Spain in the early 20th century.

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1902, Alfonso XIII, the son of Alfonso XII, is going to be proclaimed king.

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During his reign, social and political conflicts in Spain are going to happen,

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strikes organized by labor unions.

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Apart from that, different movements such as nationalism in Catalonia and País Vasco are going to happen,

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where they are going to demand autonomies.

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And also the war in Morocco, where many militaries are going to die and Spain is going to lose territories in North Africa.

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1923 Taking advantage of this situation, political and social conflicts, the general Miguel Primo de Rivera is going to lead a coup in 1923.

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In a coup, a person or a group takes the control of the government by the force.

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The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera established a military dictatorship.

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He abolished the constitution, he got all power, he concentrated all power, he limited

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freedom for citizens, he banned political parties, he banned also labor unions and he

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got the support of Alfonso XIII, as you can see in this picture.

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Primo de Rivera won the war with Morocco, but the population opposed his dictatorship

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and demanded more freedom in 1930.

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Primo de Rivera had lost the support of the king and also corruption led him to resign.

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general elections were held in 1931. The political parties that supported the

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Republic, Juan and Alfonso XIII, went to France into exile. In 1931 the

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Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. It had two presidents, Niceto Alcalá Zamora

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from 1931 to 1936 and Manuela Zana from 1936 to 1938.

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In the Second Republic a new constitution was approved.

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All men and women could vote.

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It was also established the separation of church and state.

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There were more regional autonomies and it was a new education law.