1 00:00:00,430 --> 00:00:22,769 Hi, everyone. How are you? I'm willing to see you again. But there are some things that I want to explain about social science, because as you know, we have only a very little part to finish the lesson. And I want you to have a little bit more clear ideas of what's going on with Carlos I, Philip II, and what's that of Renaissance movement. 2 00:00:23,469 --> 00:00:27,289 Carlos I, as you know, is the grandson of the Catholic monarchs. 3 00:00:27,289 --> 00:00:33,549 He was called Carlos I of Spain because he inherited all the Spanish crown from his mother. 4 00:00:34,390 --> 00:00:46,710 And he was called Carlos V of Germany because he inherited lands from his father in Germany, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands. 5 00:00:46,710 --> 00:00:52,890 so he was considered the first Hasburg which is the name of the dynasty of his 6 00:00:52,890 --> 00:01:00,270 father in Spain right and one very important thing that it isn't said in 7 00:01:00,270 --> 00:01:08,109 the book is that Carlos first didn't died when he left the crown he decided 8 00:01:08,109 --> 00:01:13,290 to go to the retirement to Monasterio de Yuste and before doing that remember he 9 00:01:13,290 --> 00:01:35,849 He split his kingdom in two parts, giving his brother the problems, giving his brother the Germanic lands, Germany and Italy, and keeping for his son all the rest of the lands like Spain, the Americas, also Belgium and the Netherlands, right? 10 00:01:35,849 --> 00:01:45,629 and well during his reign he could add more lands in America as you have seen in the exercises 11 00:01:45,629 --> 00:01:50,489 but that's not the most important thing the most important thing is that Philip II 12 00:01:50,489 --> 00:02:01,670 became king of Spain with his father alive and he expanded his reign a lot and he said 13 00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:11,210 he was so sober that he said that in his kingdom, the sun never sunset, which means that no matter 14 00:02:11,210 --> 00:02:20,349 where he was, there was always a place of his property that is going to be daytime. So imagine 15 00:02:20,349 --> 00:02:26,870 that he was in the Philippines, that they were called Philippines because of him, because he was 16 00:02:26,870 --> 00:02:35,569 Philip and in Philippines is daytime but as he had lands in America in America is nighttime 17 00:02:35,569 --> 00:02:44,729 so and all the opposite so that's why he said that in his empire the sun never sunset 18 00:02:44,729 --> 00:02:53,169 um but not everything was really good for Philip II during his reign there were many many many 19 00:02:53,169 --> 00:02:55,310 worse because the rest of the 20 00:02:55,310 --> 00:02:57,210 countries were also interested in 21 00:02:57,210 --> 00:02:59,050 conquering new lands, in conquering 22 00:02:59,050 --> 00:03:00,530 new trade routes. 23 00:03:01,469 --> 00:03:03,270 So the Ottoman Empire wanted 24 00:03:03,270 --> 00:03:05,229 to take control over all 25 00:03:05,229 --> 00:03:06,990 the Mediterranean Sea 26 00:03:06,990 --> 00:03:09,030 because it was a good 27 00:03:09,030 --> 00:03:11,090 way for trading. 28 00:03:12,030 --> 00:03:12,449 In that 29 00:03:12,449 --> 00:03:15,229 war, during that war 30 00:03:15,229 --> 00:03:17,210 there was a very important battle called 31 00:03:17,210 --> 00:03:18,409 the Battle of Lepanto 32 00:03:18,409 --> 00:03:21,449 in which Cervantes 33 00:03:21,449 --> 00:03:23,150 fought and he 34 00:03:23,150 --> 00:03:27,710 lost his arm. That's why Cervantes was called 35 00:03:27,710 --> 00:03:28,909 el manco de Lepanto. 36 00:03:30,750 --> 00:03:35,610 He won that battle, but he didn't succeed 37 00:03:35,610 --> 00:03:39,610 so much in any others because he 38 00:03:39,610 --> 00:03:43,710 sent all his army to fight against the British 39 00:03:43,710 --> 00:03:46,509 but because of the weather 40 00:03:46,509 --> 00:03:51,770 all the boats sank in the ocean 41 00:03:51,770 --> 00:04:03,430 and he lost that battle and he called that navy Armada Invencible and people all Europe made 42 00:04:03,430 --> 00:04:15,110 fun of this name because at the end all the boats sank in the ocean. In 1580 Spain conquered 43 00:04:15,110 --> 00:04:23,569 Portugal. And Portugal also had lands in the Americas. And that means that all the lands 44 00:04:23,569 --> 00:04:32,649 that belong to Philip II increase in space and in land. So now we have territories in America, 45 00:04:32,889 --> 00:04:39,750 we have territories in Africa, we have territories in Asia. Because belonging to Portugal, we have 46 00:04:39,750 --> 00:04:48,750 Brazil, we have Angola, and we have the Philippines. But, as I told, wars are very expensive, 47 00:04:49,410 --> 00:04:56,350 and Philip II had to use gold and silver to pay for it. So, the only way he thought 48 00:04:56,350 --> 00:05:00,470 it was to increase taxes, so Spanish became poorer. They weren't happy.