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let's see this works or not participant it is not working yeah here we go

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hello Diana oh I made to be having some problems with the audio today hmm

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double-check now it seems to be fine yes hello guys hello

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I can't hear anything.

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Okay.

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Hello.

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Oh, there we go.

8
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Hello.

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Hello.

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Hello.

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We're almost all here.

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Hello guys.

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Okay.

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Okay.

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Oh, you know, you had an image today.

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Oh, you had an image the other day as well.

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It was a, it was a mighty who could not connect with image the other day.

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Well, I think it's going to be more of us today.

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Yes.

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Some new more, some more new students coming in.

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over there uh and uh augustine okay okay guys for those of you who are newies uh remember that

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you need to unmute your microphone when you want to speak okay um because it's typically

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uh muted i can't right a couple more people there hi hello can you hear me yes we can can you see

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me and we can see you okay novelty there's a bunch of new faces over here guys

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blas is having problems blas can listen you can see from the pictures

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okay i think it's uh all of us already yes we can hear in english we can hear you in english

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okay

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can you hear us

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over here

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okay yes

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we can hear

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let's let her know that

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yes

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we can hear

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all right guys

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I have a question because I was trying out

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I was trying out something

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before

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regarding I'm going to mute Beatrice

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because she's introducing some noise over there, okay?

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So remember, guys, that it's typically better just to,

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still Paloma was over there,

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to have your microphone on mute unless you are talking, okay?

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And that you can go from one mode to the other

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by pressing your space, how do we call this?

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I can't remember now.

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The space board, space key?

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I can't remember.

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The one that we use for blanket spaces.

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well um all right so it's a new record so welcome to uh those of you who is the first time who are

51
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connected which as far you can see it's uh it's uh paloma is the first time we have your video

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so welcome uh miyan is the first time that you are connecting at all okay

53
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no don't forget you need to uh unmute yourself so that we can listen are you on a mobile phone

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on me yeah i'm on yeah because i have my um webcam covered um i'm gonna try to put it like this

55
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oh it's all right i was just wondering because it seemed to be a little bit wobbly

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like shaky yeah is that better i don't know it's perfectly natural okay considering the amount of

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ceilings and floors and stuff like that that we've been seeing in the first two days uh practice

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okay and then we also have uh augustine over there it's the first time that you connect as

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Augustine or were you with us the other day? Remember to remember to press your microphone

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when you are talking. It's okay, it's okay now. Yeah, that's it, that's it. I don't

61
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I don't go to technology. I thought that it was more difficult than I know now.

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You thought it was going to be too difficult for you. But there you go.

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Yes. I think it was more difficult. The computer is new and I think I had to download Skype.

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Yes, you have to download the software.

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They are not good friends.

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It's okay.

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You look perfectly equipped with your headset and everything on it.

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So, you know.

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Did you listen well?

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Did you listen well?

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Yeah.

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Yeah, Guy, we can listen to you perfectly.

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Okay.

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I think it's actually the first time that all of us are here with voice and image.

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Because all the other days there was somebody missing one of the two things.

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Either the audio or the image.

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but today we have a full set in all of us, I believe.

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Susana, how is everything going?

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Susana seems to be frozen.

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Okay, that's maybe, yeah?

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No, I think Susana's picture is frozen.

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Yeah, well, okay.

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Well, all right.

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So let's go ahead and get started then.

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I have a question before we actually get started.

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Were you able to talk to each other

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before the meeting started?

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it were you like all together in a waiting room where you could talk to each other or

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no no there was no waiting room okay because that's a setting that i was trying to enable

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but probably didn't do it because i think it would be nice right like to yes yes it's more

91
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like the classroom thing that like you go over there and as soon as you're over there you can

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start chatting to to uh the people who's already there so i need to look into i need to look into

93
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that okay write it down very quickly um okay so uh well those of you who are joining well have you

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noticed the the new feature that i got that i got on today i have this virtual thing uh

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california again well actually with the lake where i lived for for a year but uh you know

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i did visit san francisco a couple of times so

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a bit louder it's like a lightning light uh show this shows in america at

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the end of the day like my show yes like a late night yeah

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with some kind of sketchy uh background or stuff like that a

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little bit like that okay there's another there's another uh

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another one there's a bunch of them that i can choose i was playing with these

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the other day okay but now this is too uh story i could

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say so i think i'd rather go back it's not your wall it's not my wall yes no no no it's not my

104
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wall it's like a virtual background that it's like a chroma that you can use and change from

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one thing to the other but is it not from blackboard or is it a separate tool is it inside

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blackboard it's inside the it's a it's a feature within the zoom application so i think you you

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should also be able to use it if you go over to the dashboard at the bottom of

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the screen of the zoom screen you have the microphone over there which says to

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mute and unmute and then right next to it you have the video camera icon right

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there's a little there's a little triangle over there if you click on that

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that will that will pop up with some options and the last one of them is to

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choose a virtual background so if you choose that one you can you can click

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I mean they only give you like two or three pictures but I believe that you can upload your

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own so you could be pretty much everywhere you want it okay now it's funny though because it's

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artificial intelligence and you know that sometimes I will lose my arm or part of my face

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will go off and oh Paloma is having a hell of a time she's switching around going

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rotating all

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there you go like

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Emilia is like with a

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nature

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background over there right

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Emilia is lost

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Emilia is like a ghost right now

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I'm lost among the forest

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I'm just trying I'm going to play around

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with this one

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yeah it looks

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a little bit like

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is that Japan Emilia

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yeah it is

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okay nice fine eye diana okay very quickly she could spot this actually works better when you

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have like a homogeneous background right like for example glass uh glass uh background would be

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great because it's all the same color and so on so i'm pretty sure that uh a chrome over there

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would work i mean would be great and probably uh probably ricardo's could not be too good because

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there is too big of a lightning difference between the right-hand side and the left-hand side so

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probably that would be a problem emilia is going crazy with it yeah i'm just trying it's good fun

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you know we're still learning to use the tool right guys so step by step and as long as you

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have a homogeneous background it should be pretty much fine i'm looking for another background

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oh yeah well you need to you can play around with your own pictures and so on but uh on the testing

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i did uh it's it's uh it's the the the lightning of your background of your real background that

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makes a difference if it's pretty much the same thing all around you can do it if there is a

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stark contrast then it's more difficult all righty so let's get started um all right uh you know that

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best thing for you to do i'll i'll be sharing the screen and so on but uh actually uh if you open as

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most of you have already okay so you have the uh the blackboard open over there uh we're gonna go

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ahead and uh pick it up where we uh stopped last day which was on on your book if you remember we

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were just starting to talk about nominalization which is how we sometimes use noun structures

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instead of using verbs because this provides different weight to the sentence okay it's kind

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of the meanings are more or less the same but the perception or the implications are not necessarily

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the same okay so let me go ahead uh and share that with you okay let's see if this works properly

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so if you remember we were working on this last exercise let me see if i can switch to a grid

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so i can see your faces over there you know i'm very bad at keeping an eye on the chat

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while while we are on the lesson but i know emilia is doing a great job with that so if

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there's anything that you want to say over there it's a it's a good opportunity so let's go ahead

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and have a look on this. If you remember, this thing about nominalization was about

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substituting verbs with some other noun expression. So we went through this example.

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American energy consumption could be reduced if people prioritize, which is a verb.

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And the alternative would be American energy consumption could be reduced if greater

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priority was given so instead of prioritize we have great to give priority okay so kind of the

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same thing we can have with all the exercises that you got uh with all the sentences sample

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sentences that you got here so let's go around this let's see if i can make this and i'm just

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going to ask you for there may be um several ways of making this uh into into nouns okay so let's

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a quick round see what you came up with and uh and see if there's any alternatives that you would

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like to contribute okay so uh jones how we get started with you how would you change the first

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sentence they have agreed on the main points but not the details what would you have there

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an agreement on the on the on the main points they was reached but not the details okay okay

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Okay. An agreement was reached or has been reached, depending on how long ago it was, right?

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An agreement has been reached on the main points, but not on details. Perfect.

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Okay, to reach an agreement.

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What about number two? What about number two, Blas?

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They decided to restrict CO2 emissions from large industries.

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Oh, you need to unmute your microphone, Blas. That's okay.

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a decision to restrict co2 was taken for for large large industries okay so that works fine

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we can take a decision but we can also use to make a decision right so we could just as well

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just as well no big difference in meaning we could have a decision was made okay to uh uh

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restrict co2 emissions for large industries that would be the same thing okay uh what about number

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three uh uh augustine would you be brave and try number three i know you were not in the class last

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day so maybe you didn't have a chance to go over the exercises but don't worry yes yes uh i reach

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a research a research uh um oh i don't know it's okay let's let's uh work on this one together

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they are researching the consequences of each possible scenario researching is the verb our

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research is easy easy easy is trying to to solve the possible the consequence of the possible

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scenarios okay well we're missing the verb over there okay so we need to use a verb for example

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we can have we have several collocations with this right so for example typically we do research

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or we carry out research right or we even conduct research so you could have all these three

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constructions okay so for example research uh is being done or is being carried out

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or research is being conducted

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about the consequences

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of each possible scenario

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we have to get used to this

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don't worry too much

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what about number four

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Ricardo, what would you do with number four

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they will confirm the results

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after further analysis

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after further tests

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your microphone, Ricardo

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the confirmation of results

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were made after further tests

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ok

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yeah was made or was announced or was given even okay all of those would work okay confirmation

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of the results was made or was given after further tests all right but one question sure so there'd

201
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be future events right in this case where they will confirm uh yeah the confirmation uh oh hold

202
00:15:46,620 --> 00:15:53,720
on there's two more people here let me bring them on okay so uh yeah the confirmation of the

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results will be made. Yeah, it would actually be better, more similar, more

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accurate to the original text. Yeah. Why am I not... there's more than four

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00:16:05,960 --> 00:16:11,720
questions, right? This doesn't seem to let me go any farther. It's only four. I hate

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00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:19,279
this. Eight. Yeah, it was showing. The lower part of it was not showing, but I

207
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think it's fine now so bar number five we have arranged for him to be met at

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the airport instead of arrange Paloma what could we use over there your

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microphone number five okay arrangements have been made for him to be met at the airport

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perfect okay arrangements have been made okay perfect uh what about number six uh beatrice uh

211
00:16:57,580 --> 00:17:06,380
no one explained why there was a delay so there was no explanation why there was a delay

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00:17:06,940 --> 00:17:13,980
okay so there was no explanation or uh no explanation was given for example okay

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00:17:13,980 --> 00:17:20,400
okay because it's like no one is giving you the explanation for that okay so no explanation was

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given on why there was a delay good uh what about number seven diana they legislated to

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the burning of coal in people's homes what's the common collocation with legislation you remember

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guys that when you are in doubt about this are actually just to increase your vocabulary to

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00:17:42,819 --> 00:17:51,960
enlarge it my recommendation is that you go to uh that you go hold on a second that you go over to

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the collocations dictionaries okay are you uh can you see the collocation dictionary now hold on a

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second maybe i didn't do it properly you can see your your screen my screen okay so i think i made

220
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a mistake here yes yes this should be it all right so the collocation dictionary right so

221
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if you need something with legislation which is maybe i'm using this one as an example because

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it's less common right than some of the other ones that we saw legislation so if you come over here

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it's always a matter of collocation you look up the verb that makes a that collect collocates with

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with your verb with your noun in this case so for example for collocation we have approve

225
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an act introduce pass okay so Congress approved legislation which outlawed the

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sale of drugs and so on okay so any of these verbs or adopt even could be used

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in our example let me go back to the book so they legislated to ban the

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00:19:08,660 --> 00:19:16,859
burning of coal in people's homes Diana what would you make of it

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legislation yeah a legislation was uh approved to to ban the burning of coal in people's homes

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okay more more better than a proof is ban is a pass for example okay it's a better collocation

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it's a more frequent collocation so you could say legislation was passed to uh ban the burning

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of coal legislation was enacted or you could even say a law a law was passed to

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about the burden of coals and so on okay so they're always with this there's

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typically more than one possibility and then Mitre what about number eight

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people with their energy costs assistance will be provided to people on

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on the yeah with two people okay that's an interesting point let me uh go on for a second

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oh i mean go back to uh to the blackboard for a second and uh i just want you to notice

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let's work on this sentence okay this very sentence oops and i'll come to this later but

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the uh we could have something like this assistance will be provided to people

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okay this is like the skeleton of our sentence right but we have one more complement in that

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sentence that we may want to use okay which is with energy costs right so how could we include

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this into the original sentence well we can have it like this assistance

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energy costs that's it will be provided to people okay that that sounds good to you

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it should because it's a correct sentence okay but now what about the second alternative i'm

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giving you now assistance will be provided to people with energy costs does this make sense

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to you is this correct i don't think it's correct i don't think so well the sentence is correct i

247
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I mean, we mean that it refers to the assistants, not to the people.

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That's it.

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Okay.

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So in this case, we cannot move the complement freely towards the end because we would be

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changing the antecedents.

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We would be changing the noun that we are referring back to.

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Okay.

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So in one case is the assistants and in the other case would be people.

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Okay.

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so I'm I'm stopping on this example because if you remember last day we saw

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how we sometimes can move the compliments or some parts of the

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sentence to the end for greater emphasis okay so I will just be noting some cases

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throughout these days in which we can or cannot do that and sometimes where we

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can do it there is a change in meaning and sometimes when it's actually no

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changing meaning so that was just one more example uh so that was the last sentence right

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let me go back to that that was the last sentence over there yes that was the last one so guys uh

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let's uh work a little bit more on on this nominalization uh these are the examples we

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had over there but i gave you a number of examples to think of okay now what you've seen here

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before we go into that what you've seen here the all these examples that we had

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these were nouns sorry verbs that we changed into a noun sentence right into

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a noun expression but this is not the only case where we can use

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nominalization there are more examples where I gave you the other day was a

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number of sentences and I was asking you to figure out how you could use

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nouns and those sentences okay this is the list of sentences I gave you okay

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and I don't know if you went over these or not it was something for you to think

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of more than any other thing what we're gonna do now is go over some samples for

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this exercise that you work on on yourself of yourselves okay so let me go

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over this is not a simple uh part of the english grammar okay this is not a simple issue but you

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know uh if we start thinking about it we eventually can understand uh how this work is not that

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difficult either okay so guys you know that in languages we have the metaphor which is sometimes

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like a more poetical or extended way of saying something okay sometimes languages look for

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economy so if you can use three words to say something you don't use six or you don't use ten

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because there is what we call the economy of language but sometimes it's uh something

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different that we look for we look for longer deeper expressions that provide some extra

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meaning into what we are saying okay so it's not the same thing to drink than to have a drink

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you see or you could be chatting with someone but then to have a chat with someone

283
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these examples up here is the one I'm looking at they might add some slightly different meaning

284
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okay to your sentence so this happens at the very low level this may happen with

285
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this this may happen with very simple verbs like this okay and their equivalent expressions to have

286
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a drink to have a chat but this also happens generally with more complex sentences because

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it it helps you swift or sift actually the attention to something that you want

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let's have a look into these two sentences a and B okay people in all

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00:25:46,829 --> 00:25:52,710
countries are now traveling abroad much more than they used to well this is not

290
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actually accurate at this time is it but you get a minute so people in all

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00:25:58,049 --> 00:26:02,089
countries are now traveling abroad much more than they used to okay if you

292
00:26:02,089 --> 00:26:07,650
compare that sentence to this other one, foreign travel is everywhere on increase.

293
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Can you think of differences between these two sentences? Take a minute, think

294
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about that, see if you can think of different points of view given by

295
00:26:19,609 --> 00:26:29,960
those sentences. And what would be the nominalization that has taken place

296
00:26:29,960 --> 00:26:43,900
here well if we look into this in detail these people people are such house they

297
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have disappeared right now right we didn't have that so what we have done

298
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here is people in all countries are traveling abroad all of that this

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00:26:54,039 --> 00:26:59,319
concept that people in all countries are now traveling abroad is what we have

300
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summarizes what foreign trouble okay so the whole idea the whole uh noun a verb and some adverbs

301
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all that concept has been packed in foreign trouble so somehow you have made an abstract

302
00:27:17,339 --> 00:27:24,140
concept of it and now you can discuss that concept fully okay or in a different way okay

303
00:27:24,140 --> 00:27:43,640
So foreign trouble is everywhere on increase. It's more packed, more neat than this. You see the difference? I mean, the facts are the same, but the way of expressing it, how it comes across is very different. This is so much more institutional, so to say, because you're speaking about foreign trouble. You're not speaking about people.

304
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okay jose luis yes question sure but when you talk about nominalization here you are referring

305
00:27:53,099 --> 00:28:00,119
to a sentence a full sentence not to a verb is this what you are saying that's it

306
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and and you you you solve it by an adjective and a noun that's it foreign trouble

307
00:28:06,460 --> 00:28:12,619
there might be different ways of doing it but the the core concept here is that

308
00:28:12,619 --> 00:28:19,920
something which is fuller you make it more abstract by referring to it by by presenting it

309
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as a concept instead of an action made by someone and this and this and that somehow it becomes more

310
00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:34,059
abstract it becomes a concept when you nominalize it okay we're going to see more examples of this

311
00:28:34,059 --> 00:28:39,579
and how and how this changes this is related at a very low language level this is related to it's

312
00:28:39,579 --> 00:28:46,380
kind of a metaphor like when you say you refer to something by saying something else kind of okay so

313
00:28:46,380 --> 00:28:53,420
it's it's similar to that there's one paragraph here in the document that gives you uh the idea

314
00:28:53,420 --> 00:28:58,220
of what i'm saying here okay so if you're looking at these two sentences that we read these two

315
00:28:58,220 --> 00:29:03,900
sentences here what it tells you is that these two versions of the same idea actually they present

316
00:29:03,900 --> 00:29:07,980
very different cognitive mappings. They present very different ways of looking at it.

317
00:29:09,259 --> 00:29:16,460
The semantic and syntactic structures, the language that you use, is different. Over here

318
00:29:16,460 --> 00:29:21,259
you have just one simple verb and over here you have a number of verbs because it was a more

319
00:29:21,259 --> 00:29:26,539
complex sentence grammatically. Now you have simplified that and nominalized that.

320
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So what it says is that the event is perspectivized differently in each case with

321
00:29:32,859 --> 00:29:38,920
the attention center in the second on the salient abstraction of foreign trouble rather than on the

322
00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:46,160
person's so the facts are the same but you choose how to nominalize this to bring your attention to

323
00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:52,539
whatever you want okay it's kind of a grammatical metaphor is how they call this okay now

324
00:29:52,539 --> 00:29:59,039
why do we use why do we use these kind of things many times we use this to distance

325
00:29:59,039 --> 00:30:05,859
ourselves from the event okay so it makes it like of a higher abstraction

326
00:30:05,859 --> 00:30:15,099
okay let me give you another example okay which we have down here so this

327
00:30:15,099 --> 00:30:22,539
hold on a second because I'm having some problems with the window on it I just

328
00:30:22,539 --> 00:30:30,799
want to be able to scroll sideways like this okay so I'm looking to these two

329
00:30:30,799 --> 00:30:36,859
sentences again okay a and B here I'll give you a minute to read them through

330
00:30:36,859 --> 00:30:39,259
oops damn it I'll give you a minute if I can

331
00:30:39,259 --> 00:30:44,880
stay quiet there you go these two sentences take a minute to read them

332
00:30:44,880 --> 00:31:29,099
through so guys after reading them is the information different does it change

333
00:31:29,099 --> 00:31:36,380
from one version to the other yes it does in which way in the second sentence

334
00:31:36,380 --> 00:31:42,299
there's more information because they're talking about uh spending more than than it was planned

335
00:31:42,299 --> 00:31:53,019
and it's not that's not implied in the first sentence okay yeah absolutely over there you

336
00:31:53,019 --> 00:31:58,380
are you are right okay they just left that out okay so how would you change the sentence at the

337
00:31:58,380 --> 00:32:04,700
top to make the meaning absolutely the same maybe we could have something like government spending

338
00:32:04,700 --> 00:32:14,059
showed positive growth in the last quarter was showed higher positive

339
00:32:14,059 --> 00:32:21,319
growth in the last quarter than it was planned for example okay we have someone

340
00:32:21,319 --> 00:32:27,140
else joining in Caesar is joining in okay so yes this lots these pieces of

341
00:32:27,140 --> 00:32:30,799
information that it was higher than expected higher than planned is not

342
00:32:30,799 --> 00:32:36,680
packed in this okay however that was not that was very acutely observed but that

343
00:32:36,680 --> 00:32:40,940
was not the point I wanted to focus on even if I asked that question I want you

344
00:32:40,940 --> 00:32:47,900
to compare the government to spend much more money to government spending it's

345
00:32:47,900 --> 00:32:51,740
like the main character in the second one is the government I mean the first

346
00:32:51,740 --> 00:32:56,420
one is the amount of money no they suspended that's it so in the first one

347
00:32:56,420 --> 00:33:02,420
we're focusing on who and this is on the doer so to say whereas in the first one government spending

348
00:33:02,420 --> 00:33:06,920
so it's kind of an institutionalized thing it's something that you already take for granted

349
00:33:06,920 --> 00:33:14,000
you know if there's government there's government spending so it's like conceptually it's more

350
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:21,440
packed than the government spend much more money and this and that okay it's it the idea of using

351
00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:27,819
nouns and nominalizing this way is that it gives you like a core idea that it's uh is less

352
00:33:27,819 --> 00:33:33,799
disputable so to say if you look into the second sentence you may say well the government's point

353
00:33:33,799 --> 00:33:42,660
much more sounds like uh the government made a decision made a how would i say this that uh that

354
00:33:42,660 --> 00:33:47,700
they were actively making decisions on spending you know and it was them who was making the

355
00:33:47,700 --> 00:33:55,140
decisions. However, with the first sentence, government spending, somehow you assume that

356
00:33:55,140 --> 00:34:00,319
governments are there to spend money already, okay? You see what I mean? It's make this a

357
00:34:00,319 --> 00:34:06,960
little bit more abstract, okay? This is not an easy thing, but it's a matter of how ideas are

358
00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:13,639
perceived differently, okay? The explanation that they give typically is something like what you

359
00:34:13,639 --> 00:34:19,280
have here okay a nominalization the the fact of using government spending instead of the government

360
00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:24,800
spend much more money can give the impression that what it expresses what is being said is a

361
00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:30,079
recognized piece of information okay it's something which is beyond dispute okay it's like this is the

362
00:34:30,079 --> 00:34:39,800
idea already okay another thing would be this bit okay positive growth okay positive growth

363
00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:48,980
it's actually spent much more right this positive growth is spent much more but it's not the same

364
00:34:48,980 --> 00:34:53,239
when you speak about growth like this it's more institutionalized you see what i mean it's like

365
00:34:53,239 --> 00:34:56,300
it's not easy but we have to

366
00:34:56,300 --> 00:35:05,079
to come to terms with this let's see a few more examples okay what i'm trying to show you today

367
00:35:05,079 --> 00:35:10,619
is that we don't just nominalize verbs we don't just nominalize actions as we saw in the first

368
00:35:10,619 --> 00:35:18,679
example we nominalize and many different things okay for example processes an example that you

369
00:35:18,679 --> 00:35:25,940
have in the in the sentences i asked you to to work on was without hesitating at all that would

370
00:35:25,940 --> 00:35:31,500
be the basic sentence right that would be the basic sentence that i was asking you like without

371
00:35:31,500 --> 00:35:38,199
hesitating at all. Now the nominalized form could be something like without the

372
00:35:38,199 --> 00:35:46,280
slightest hesitation. It's the same thing but not quite.

373
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:51,260
As we compare these two columns you will see that the meanings are very

374
00:35:51,260 --> 00:35:57,739
similar but the implications not so much. Take a deep breath. So in this case

375
00:35:57,739 --> 00:36:02,579
is the process of having a doubt, in this case is the process of breathing.

376
00:36:02,579 --> 00:36:09,599
there was a sudden burst of laughter or he burst out laughing suddenly so this

377
00:36:09,599 --> 00:36:14,820
is kind of conceptualized you are taking these things for granted as a process

378
00:36:14,820 --> 00:36:21,079
okay instead of explaining the process X continued to explore a map the world the

379
00:36:21,079 --> 00:36:28,139
exploration and mapping of the world went on let's focus on letter D for a

380
00:36:28,139 --> 00:36:37,699
second damn it for a second you see how uh if i kind of say that who christopher columbus i don't

381
00:36:37,699 --> 00:36:45,059
know christopher columbus continued to explore and map the world sounds much more isolated it's like

382
00:36:45,059 --> 00:36:52,659
well he did but who else you know and less uh systematic so to say than if we say the exploration

383
00:36:52,659 --> 00:37:01,460
and mapping of the world went on we have kind of we are working with a broader concept so to say

384
00:37:01,460 --> 00:37:12,000
with a tighter abstraction more more concentrated so to say yes beatrice go ahead oh sorry i i know

385
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:19,880
yes i would like to ask is this device this uh grammatical metaphor device this nominalization

386
00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:28,780
is it uh does it refer to any specific text text or nothing to do with that i mean for example for

387
00:37:28,780 --> 00:37:38,000
reports or for media or or nothing to do with specific tests some some some is it linked to

388
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:41,960
specific text types is what you're asking here okay like we would find this more commonly in

389
00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:49,159
this text uh in this type of text or another actually uh for some of it we do okay so in

390
00:37:49,159 --> 00:37:54,739
economic tests okay this kind of language that we saw before it's the

391
00:37:54,739 --> 00:37:59,300
common thing to do okay like when you read an economic report they don't

392
00:37:59,300 --> 00:38:02,280
typically say the government spend much more money than this and that they could

393
00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:05,719
use the other version you know government spending so positive growth

394
00:38:05,719 --> 00:38:10,960
and so on so in general terms in the in the fields when you are discussing this

395
00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:15,260
stuff it's very typical that there will be a set of nominalized concepts over

396
00:38:15,260 --> 00:38:20,719
there and those are the ones that you will use frequently okay now does this mean that we only

397
00:38:20,719 --> 00:38:27,719
use hey somebody's oh is that me or is that you who's drawing ah somebody else is no guys this

398
00:38:27,719 --> 00:38:32,639
is so well this is someone here or is it me and i'm making this without noticing no i don't think

399
00:38:32,639 --> 00:38:41,440
so okay now i really don't know oh it's interesting so i actually shared this in a way that you can

400
00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:50,199
draw on it which may be useful well my point my point here was that that yes

401
00:38:50,199 --> 00:38:56,119
it's specific to some text types but not only in certain text types you will find

402
00:38:56,119 --> 00:39:00,099
a set of concepts nominalized in this way but if you look at these examples

403
00:39:00,099 --> 00:39:04,420
over here it this kind of thing could happen in any kind of text more or less

404
00:39:04,420 --> 00:39:16,380
okay and and it will skip some examples but it happens I mean typically it

405
00:39:16,380 --> 00:39:20,800
happens in more complex tests but sometimes like the examples that we had

406
00:39:20,800 --> 00:39:27,420
before at the very beginning about these ones here about drinking or having a

407
00:39:27,420 --> 00:39:32,039
drink or having a drink sounds more relaxed for example than drinking okay

408
00:39:32,039 --> 00:39:38,579
it's like more of a it's a more civilized kind of thing okay but that's not specific to any

409
00:39:38,579 --> 00:39:46,059
particular kind of text oh sorry Elena uh I didn't see your hand up until now hold on

410
00:39:46,059 --> 00:39:58,000
I think you need to open your microphone yeah oh now we're having a problem we can hear you Elena

411
00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:06,420
now oh now we can yes now we can okay no it was just that I was looking all the options and I

412
00:40:06,420 --> 00:40:07,219
in a

413
00:40:07,219 --> 00:40:10,360
you have seen a pencil in your scene

414
00:40:10,360 --> 00:40:12,159
say that again

415
00:40:12,159 --> 00:40:14,280
you think I was looking at all the options

416
00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:16,079
and I click on the pencil is that what you said

417
00:40:16,079 --> 00:40:18,559
no I mean that I was

418
00:40:18,559 --> 00:40:19,940
looking at all the options

419
00:40:19,940 --> 00:40:20,800
of the program

420
00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:23,659
and I have

421
00:40:23,659 --> 00:40:25,840
been doing something with the pencil

422
00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:26,739
ok ok

423
00:40:26,739 --> 00:40:28,400
don't you worry

424
00:40:28,400 --> 00:40:30,099
but it was a mistake

425
00:40:30,099 --> 00:40:33,400
I thought it was

426
00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:34,599
only for me that

427
00:40:34,599 --> 00:40:40,940
and you haven't seen that we we need to explore i don't know guys could you all see her highlighting

428
00:40:40,940 --> 00:40:46,400
on the text or maybe it was only me as the teacher no you could all see it yeah we saw it

429
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:53,440
we saw it as well which is good because if we have to cooperate on a diagram or something

430
00:40:53,440 --> 00:40:59,320
everyone can be pointing out precisely what what he or she wants to say well there's not there's

431
00:40:59,320 --> 00:41:04,199
a lot of options there are there are too many i'm not familiar with i mean not too many but there's

432
00:41:04,199 --> 00:41:09,219
there's such a big lot of options that i'm not familiar with uh many of them yet because i don't

433
00:41:09,219 --> 00:41:15,659
get as many opportunities to practice uh other than these lessons so yeah it's something that

434
00:41:15,659 --> 00:41:21,480
we need to some of them i really don't know like i don't know i feel like tempted but if i start

435
00:41:21,480 --> 00:41:27,280
clicking on everything then i will lose a lot of time so we have to have to uh explore the options

436
00:41:27,280 --> 00:41:28,480
in some other setting

437
00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:31,440
I think we have time for that

438
00:41:31,440 --> 00:41:33,119
yeah I mean

439
00:41:33,119 --> 00:41:35,320
it's with some time it will happen

440
00:41:35,320 --> 00:41:37,400
naturally okay and there will be time

441
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:38,260
for it as well

442
00:41:38,260 --> 00:41:39,400
careful with the cat

443
00:41:39,400 --> 00:41:47,099
oh it's 8 o'clock again

444
00:41:47,099 --> 00:41:49,380
alright so guys

445
00:41:49,380 --> 00:41:50,420
let's take a brief

446
00:41:50,420 --> 00:41:53,480
pause okay like 5 minutes or so

447
00:41:53,480 --> 00:41:54,440
should be fine alright

448
00:41:54,440 --> 00:41:56,780
okay

449
00:41:56,780 --> 00:44:57,400
all right okay see you okay guys i have a nephew here who's a musician and uh he was playing i

450
00:44:57,400 --> 00:45:06,340
survived today every day he changes and delights us and encourages the medicals with uh with uh

451
00:45:06,340 --> 00:45:14,860
different piece so which is a good thing uh jose luis yes do you know if we can see all the people

452
00:45:14,860 --> 00:45:21,460
uh in the meeting can you know right hand side yes yes you could you only see me or what

453
00:45:21,460 --> 00:45:31,639
no i can see only one eight people and then i have like an arrow and if i choose the arrow

454
00:45:31,639 --> 00:45:38,820
then there are eight more go upwards to the to the window bar to the very top of the window where

455
00:45:38,820 --> 00:45:42,800
you see all the small faces and there should be over there three four different options

456
00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:48,639
the first line the second one is the bigger is a bigger square then there's two lines over there

457
00:45:48,639 --> 00:45:54,300
and the fourth option over there is like a grid yeah and i chose that one you chose the grid

458
00:45:54,300 --> 00:46:01,500
then then when you if you have already chosen the grid come come uh downwards to the corner of the

459
00:46:01,500 --> 00:46:07,579
window to the corner of that window and there will be three different three um tilted lines

460
00:46:07,579 --> 00:46:15,079
and you can make it a smaller or bigger yes you can readjust the size of it but of course you

461
00:46:15,079 --> 00:46:21,219
don't if we are many people we we cannot see uh i can see all of you but it depends it really

462
00:46:21,219 --> 00:46:28,019
depends on the size of your screen okay okay okay thank you it's actually much nicer i always try to

463
00:46:28,019 --> 00:46:35,340
because it's like 12 of us i try to pull uh to put it so i can see everyone okay thank you also

464
00:46:35,340 --> 00:46:42,099
if you if you have two screens which uh some people do with their laptops and so on you can

465
00:46:42,099 --> 00:46:47,199
have all the people on one screen and then and then yeah this would be nice the other one okay

466
00:46:47,199 --> 00:46:53,820
so when when we're back in the lessons if that may or may that may or may not happen this year

467
00:46:53,820 --> 00:47:01,800
guys to be honest okay because uh we really don't know but uh if you remember when we tried this

468
00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:06,800
with Maite to begin with, that we have those problems.

469
00:47:06,880 --> 00:47:09,599
Ideally, if we were doing this in class,

470
00:47:09,599 --> 00:47:10,920
we would have like one screen

471
00:47:10,920 --> 00:47:13,219
for people who are attending remotely,

472
00:47:13,219 --> 00:47:14,880
and then the other screen, the other monitor

473
00:47:14,880 --> 00:47:18,679
for people who, I mean, for whatever we are showing,

474
00:47:18,679 --> 00:47:20,380
but it will come with time.

475
00:47:20,380 --> 00:47:25,380
Okay, Emilian was kicked out and I'm just admitting him back.

476
00:47:25,380 --> 00:47:34,019
I'm just admitting him back okay so what was that yes we basically were saying

477
00:47:34,019 --> 00:47:40,440
you had asked whether this was common of any particular text and so on and this

478
00:47:40,440 --> 00:47:46,980
is common of a more of a more higher register or a more formal register but

479
00:47:46,980 --> 00:47:59,380
not exclusive okay not exclusive so uh uh so more examples okay again just this one for example

480
00:48:00,739 --> 00:48:07,860
this one the usefulness of this machinery is dwindling or is uh being reduced is very

481
00:48:07,860 --> 00:48:14,099
different in concept from saying these machinery is becoming less useful you see why because if

482
00:48:14,099 --> 00:48:17,500
If you use this first sentence, you're talking about usefulness in general.

483
00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:23,340
Your departure point is the usability of things, whether things are being used or not, and

484
00:48:23,340 --> 00:48:25,880
they become obsolete or not, and so on.

485
00:48:26,380 --> 00:48:30,039
If you use the second sentence, this machinery is becoming less useful.

486
00:48:30,159 --> 00:48:34,539
Your topic, the thing that you're talking about is this machinery, okay?

487
00:48:34,539 --> 00:48:38,699
And then in particular about that, well, you can say that it's becoming less useful.

488
00:48:38,699 --> 00:48:47,800
whereas on the first part you are talking more abstractly as the usefulness of things

489
00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:50,880
I know it's not straightforward

490
00:48:50,880 --> 00:48:53,739
I just want you to get familiar with a number of examples

491
00:48:53,739 --> 00:49:00,019
so that when this comes up in the texts that we read

492
00:49:00,019 --> 00:49:05,260
and in the language that you see you become more used to it

493
00:49:05,260 --> 00:49:11,179
another example guys other kind of things that we nominalize that we make

494
00:49:11,179 --> 00:49:14,840
entities to nominalize is to make something an entity to give it to give

495
00:49:14,840 --> 00:49:20,659
it some weight of its own so for example the travelers arrived in Rome on August

496
00:49:20,659 --> 00:49:26,539
the 12th this is fine if you're talking about the travelers travelers arrived in

497
00:49:26,539 --> 00:49:30,699
Rome on August the 12th and then they did this and they did that and isn't

498
00:49:30,699 --> 00:49:36,360
that however if you want to found if you want to talk if you want to focus on the

499
00:49:36,360 --> 00:49:42,679
date because something else happened on the date then august the 12th found the travelers in rome

500
00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:48,039
and that was the beginning of the revolution or these are these are that you see what i

501
00:49:48,039 --> 00:49:53,000
mean the point of view that you provide is slightly different thank you exactly the

502
00:49:53,000 --> 00:49:56,920
same thing over here during the last decade agricultural technology has increased as never

503
00:49:56,920 --> 00:50:02,840
before it's slightly different from saying their last decade has witnessed an unprecedented rise

504
00:50:02,840 --> 00:50:09,000
in agriculture technology okay again you are making something the focus of your speech okay

505
00:50:10,440 --> 00:50:15,480
or for example this is a compliment again a time compliment again in the 17th century scientific

506
00:50:15,480 --> 00:50:20,760
books began to be published systematically however if you want to focus on you know on that

507
00:50:21,559 --> 00:50:27,800
period of time then you say in this the 17th century saw the development of blah blah blah

508
00:50:27,800 --> 00:50:50,360
So, basically, the whole point here is that the point of view that you provide is slightly different and that when you use nominalized things, you're making your text a bit more abstract, okay, more conceptual, which may be useful depending on your register and so on, okay?

509
00:50:50,360 --> 00:50:58,860
again more examples of this will come up the straightforward ones are the the ones we saw

510
00:50:58,860 --> 00:51:04,340
in your book and this is something for you to keep in mind basically okay i will have more people

511
00:51:04,340 --> 00:51:13,000
over here holding this back again okay so uh guys that was it about nominalization okay uh that was

512
00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:19,400
pretty much that was pretty much it there will be more examples that will come up later in the book

513
00:51:19,400 --> 00:51:25,340
but i don't think we have to focus on that anymore now so let me go ahead

514
00:51:25,340 --> 00:51:31,639
and we're going to move on we're going to work on the on the following unit here

515
00:51:31,639 --> 00:51:40,139
let's get started by discussing these leading questions that we have on it's actually on what

516
00:51:40,139 --> 00:51:45,900
this is on page 58 of your book the ones i'm showing over there but this is for you to work

517
00:51:45,900 --> 00:51:49,980
pairs or groups of three. Totally different point, okay? We're done with the

518
00:51:49,980 --> 00:51:54,239
examples of nominalization. Let's move on from the grammar to some language usage.

519
00:51:54,239 --> 00:51:59,780
Working pairs. Look at the online comment, okay? There's been a text over here and

520
00:51:59,780 --> 00:52:04,059
somebody has made a comment about that, okay? It says, I have a question. It might

521
00:52:04,059 --> 00:52:11,460
seem childish to some, but please think about it anyway. Why do we have to pay to

522
00:52:11,460 --> 00:52:17,139
believe in our own planet okay remember oh i didn't tell you but the the title of this unit

523
00:52:17,139 --> 00:52:23,739
is land for all and it will be discussing you know the unit will be discussing if the property

524
00:52:23,739 --> 00:52:31,099
system is something good or not and and so on if you remember the uh the whole unit is about

525
00:52:31,099 --> 00:52:37,360
uh is about the energy and economic resources sorry the economic resources it was first the

526
00:52:37,360 --> 00:52:41,800
energy that we discussed over here it was then energy again in the second unit

527
00:52:41,800 --> 00:52:46,239
and now it's turning into land as an economic as an economic resources again

528
00:52:46,239 --> 00:52:52,659
okay so let's have a quick look into these three questions and now I'm gonna

529
00:52:52,659 --> 00:53:00,760
break you into smaller groups and see what you use which questions oh can you

530
00:53:00,760 --> 00:53:08,679
not oh damn it thank you i am lost yes uh and you very much must be because you know what happened

531
00:53:08,679 --> 00:53:15,780
i switched to a different screen on my computer oh i didn't didn't share it to you okay i was

532
00:53:15,780 --> 00:53:22,539
talking i was pointing at these questions over here and uh forgot to switch on okay this is

533
00:53:22,539 --> 00:53:30,480
actually a feature of the program that i find both convenient and confusing because uh the the

534
00:53:30,480 --> 00:53:36,159
program is sharing with you what I have on one particular window. But then, of course, if I go

535
00:53:36,159 --> 00:53:40,699
ahead and open a different window, you are not seeing that. So I have to be very mindful of what

536
00:53:40,699 --> 00:53:45,019
I want you to see. This is good because maybe I can open something else and, you know, look at it

537
00:53:45,019 --> 00:53:48,860
while you are working or whatever on these questions. But this is also bad in the sense

538
00:53:48,860 --> 00:53:53,480
that if I forget, somebody has to tell me, like, hey, you are not talking about anything that we

539
00:53:53,480 --> 00:54:00,139
can see all right so guys this is what I was saying so this this is the topic of

540
00:54:00,139 --> 00:54:03,980
this unit how you know the property system and so on if that's a good thing

541
00:54:03,980 --> 00:54:09,019
or not some limitations that it might have so let's go ahead and work on these

542
00:54:09,019 --> 00:54:14,539
three questions this is the this is supposed to be a comment okay that you

543
00:54:14,539 --> 00:54:19,380
found on the internet and so on and then good working on this questions here let

544
00:54:19,380 --> 00:54:22,599
me go ahead and see if I can

545
00:54:23,480 --> 00:54:34,940
if I can share this now oh it's words now that's what we're yeah now you can

546
00:54:34,940 --> 00:54:42,400
say it but I'm trying hmm I think I was trying to break you into smaller groups

547
00:54:42,400 --> 00:54:46,900
but you know what happens while I am sharing the screen I cannot break you

548
00:54:46,900 --> 00:54:52,119
into a smaller groups okay but you do have the book right and it's on page 50

549
00:54:52,119 --> 00:54:59,840
yes it's on page 58 the first three question on page 58 so uh i'm gonna break you now into

550
00:54:59,840 --> 00:55:13,150
the smaller groups all right let's see so let's there we go all right guys so you can go ahead

551
00:55:13,150 --> 00:55:19,570
and join the uh smaller group that you were invited to i made groups of three people okay

552
00:55:19,570 --> 00:55:46,090
terrific terrific cool so don't be surprised

553
00:55:46,090 --> 00:55:50,010
Augustine it's because now this is a feature that probably you haven't seen

554
00:55:50,010 --> 00:56:48,679
yet oh but he figured out okay terrific

555
00:57:10,380 --> 00:57:46,760
okay hello let's see

556
00:58:09,480 --> 00:59:38,820
Thank you.

557
00:59:38,840 --> 01:00:09,380
okay i see a smiley faces over there which is good

558
01:00:09,380 --> 01:00:22,639
is that anytime you give us the chance to be in smaller groups yeah you start chatting

559
01:00:22,639 --> 01:00:30,159
in english in english about any any other thing right but no you know we have to talk yeah we

560
01:00:30,159 --> 01:00:35,400
we are like curious about the others yes but we were we were talking in english all the time

561
01:00:35,400 --> 01:00:41,119
that's good that's good that's actually that was uh my intention when i tried to set up the

562
01:00:41,119 --> 01:00:45,940
classrooms so that you could have some uh a waiting room where you could already be chatting

563
01:00:45,940 --> 01:00:50,500
to each other before i started the the meeting as such that was my intention that you had some time

564
01:00:50,500 --> 01:00:57,360
to you know to come up to date and so on but um i must have uh misconfigured something i'll try for

565
01:00:57,360 --> 01:01:01,800
next day because i understand it's very uh you know it's only natural it's only human that you

566
01:01:01,800 --> 01:01:07,340
want to know how how you are all doing but at the same time we do that in the full session with the

567
01:01:07,340 --> 01:01:13,820
16 or the 14 of us uh then it's a little bit it's a little bit too much typically but it's okay

568
01:01:14,860 --> 01:01:16,539
so don't you worry about that blast

569
01:01:20,719 --> 01:01:27,440
okay so uh i think i think that's it we are all back okay so uh

570
01:01:29,599 --> 01:01:36,559
are we all back yes so guys uh you see now is when i have to remember to change the screen

571
01:01:36,559 --> 01:01:45,480
so we can all have the questions over there so opinions okay uh yeah let's uh blast would you go

572
01:01:45,480 --> 01:01:52,280
ahead i always i typically ask you depending on how you appear on my little window or my grid over

573
01:01:52,280 --> 01:01:57,960
there you know and it's not always the same position because when you come in if when you

574
01:01:57,960 --> 01:02:02,179
come back from these more groups it's it's all rearranged now emilia used to be at the top and

575
01:02:02,179 --> 01:02:07,139
i mean is the very bottom because he was allowed to come in so well anyhow plus what do you think

576
01:02:07,139 --> 01:02:11,380
about this have you ever thought about this kind of question don't forget to open your mic

577
01:02:14,630 --> 01:02:25,110
no hold on hold on there you go okay uh well we were talking and uh we uh have like a conclusion

578
01:02:25,110 --> 01:02:32,550
that is it could be an answer there could be an answer and it's like okay we may not pay for it

579
01:02:32,550 --> 01:02:38,869
but as long as we share some services i think we have to pay you know because living is not

580
01:02:38,869 --> 01:02:44,949
only having a place a house or a closed space where you live but it's also a lot of services

581
01:02:44,949 --> 01:02:51,750
that we have to share like water or electricity you know so so how you pay for that too you know

582
01:02:53,190 --> 01:02:56,230
that is an excellent that is an excellent answer isn't it

583
01:02:56,230 --> 01:03:03,570
guys someone from the other groups would you have something else to add to this

584
01:03:03,570 --> 01:03:08,469
is that a good answer i don't remember how you were grouped so i don't remember

585
01:03:08,469 --> 01:03:16,190
who else to us okay so uh yeah i don't know uh your name is that a good answer could you find

586
01:03:16,190 --> 01:03:21,769
something else to add to that does it make sense to you the answer that blast gave yeah pretty much

587
01:03:21,769 --> 01:03:30,110
okay so yes is that a good answer yes and they came up with it okay so more specifically now

588
01:03:30,110 --> 01:03:36,389
would be question number two okay do we in spain typically rent or own our homes and how do you

589
01:03:36,389 --> 01:03:42,610
think that compares to other regions that you may know of okay my take would you like to tell us

590
01:03:42,610 --> 01:03:52,059
about that no i think my taste frozen might tell you there well you know that uh as more and more

591
01:03:52,059 --> 01:03:58,860
people are are jumping onto the video conferencing systems and the massive use of the online

592
01:03:58,860 --> 01:04:03,460
connections and so on and you know think of all the people who are watching netflix uh

593
01:04:03,460 --> 01:04:10,139
series at this at this time so sometimes there's a burden on the net questions and so on okay well

594
01:04:10,139 --> 01:04:16,199
uh oh i think she just came back so might as you just came back and i was precisely asking you

595
01:04:16,199 --> 01:04:23,000
okay so uh what about the second question there uh in spain do people generally rent

596
01:04:23,000 --> 01:04:28,039
or own their own homes and how you think that compares to other to other regions that you may

597
01:04:28,039 --> 01:04:36,019
know of so what we have uh said on the group is that uh this is something cultural for instance

598
01:04:36,019 --> 01:04:46,039
here we own our homes while for instance in germany they usually rent the homes more probably

599
01:04:46,039 --> 01:04:56,380
and also in some other countries not developed but countries they are used to uh not to pay for

600
01:04:56,380 --> 01:05:04,019
any home at all right so they built on our by by themselves so yeah so they build their houses

601
01:05:04,019 --> 01:05:12,000
all by themselves and then yeah that makes a lot of sense i was wondering because it's actually

602
01:05:12,000 --> 01:05:17,199
i think i quite agree with what you were saying but it's actually most of the countries in our

603
01:05:17,199 --> 01:05:24,199
environment that are used to where people typically rent instead of own right so why

604
01:05:24,199 --> 01:05:28,699
you think spain is is there a reason that you know of or that you can think of why spain

605
01:05:28,699 --> 01:05:35,300
might be different in that regard and also have we been different like that for too long or is

606
01:05:35,300 --> 01:05:41,380
that something like i don't know i'm curious is this something dating back from 20 years ago 30

607
01:05:41,380 --> 01:05:48,000
years ago 40 years ago 100 years ago i don't imagine my ancestors owning their houses so when

608
01:05:48,000 --> 01:05:57,739
when did we begin to massively own the houses that we live in anyone do you have any insights into

609
01:05:57,739 --> 01:06:08,699
this maybe maybe it has to do with the sense of family family members within uh well maybe in a

610
01:06:08,699 --> 01:06:17,179
house there used to live a five or six or seven people several generations and then they also

611
01:06:17,179 --> 01:06:29,320
there is also another concept of heritage or inheritance. Well heritage we use it more

612
01:06:29,320 --> 01:06:36,900
typically for the cultural values and the works of art and the architecture that defines a country

613
01:06:36,900 --> 01:06:43,719
okay so that is your heritage and also your your upbringing and all that okay and then what you get

614
01:06:43,719 --> 01:06:50,900
from your parents for example that is your inheritance inheritance okay so in spanish

615
01:06:50,900 --> 01:06:55,480
probably could be patrimonio sometimes can be used for both things but you know when you

616
01:06:55,480 --> 01:07:03,579
refer to patrimonio cultural and so on that's your heritage and the monetary property thing

617
01:07:03,579 --> 01:07:10,539
is your inheritance so maybe maybe it has to do with that in that sense probably italy

618
01:07:10,539 --> 01:07:15,420
would be the closest to us i don't know i have no experience no particular experience in this

619
01:07:15,420 --> 01:07:21,900
sorry how do you say when we were talking when we were small groups and we didn't know how to say it

620
01:07:24,300 --> 01:07:29,739
you can say for example it's a game changer when something uh typically when something completely

621
01:07:29,739 --> 01:07:35,099
change the scenario that you're working you can say it's a game changer or you can say it's a

622
01:07:35,099 --> 01:07:40,539
turning point turning point is like more mild if you want to say that for example a new product

623
01:07:40,539 --> 01:07:45,099
or a new thing it's going to change something radically then you could probably say it's a

624
01:07:45,099 --> 01:07:51,940
game changer okay so for example people lived in europe with all their comforts and safety and then

625
01:07:51,940 --> 01:07:57,039
the corona virus cave and it was a game changer because people started to pay so much more

626
01:07:57,039 --> 01:08:04,239
attention to public hope so to say okay or turning point is kind of the same thing but

627
01:08:04,239 --> 01:08:10,760
less emphatic okay so yeah what do you see well that would be it my question could be better

628
01:08:10,760 --> 01:08:15,420
phrases what do you think was the turning point for this how did we when did we start becoming

629
01:08:15,420 --> 01:08:22,859
like this and owning our property i'm not sure but i but i suppose that a hundred years ago or

630
01:08:22,859 --> 01:08:33,020
150 years ago most of the people live in towns not in cities and 150 years ago they don't exist

631
01:08:33,020 --> 01:08:41,979
the buildings that exist nowadays in the cities so at that time I suppose that

632
01:08:42,619 --> 01:08:49,260
each people each family lives in unifamiliar houses and they were built by themselves

633
01:08:49,260 --> 01:08:59,279
they will help to build by the neighbors or family or another and other people so I think

634
01:08:59,279 --> 01:09:11,760
the change has appear when the cities start as development the changes started when when the

635
01:09:11,760 --> 01:09:17,640
change took place when when cities started to develop yes probably at the end of the 19th

636
01:09:17,640 --> 01:09:24,779
century and in the big cities because i suppose that before just 20 of the population lives in

637
01:09:24,779 --> 01:09:30,899
cities and the rest live in the countryside and in the towns so i think is the this is the change of

638
01:09:30,899 --> 01:09:40,260
that's interesting but then my question could be uh like the the the uh growth of cities

639
01:09:40,260 --> 01:09:45,899
was pretty much i think uh or happened pretty much at the same time throughout europe you know

640
01:09:45,899 --> 01:09:49,159
like the same growth of cities probably took place in Italy

641
01:09:49,159 --> 01:09:52,340
or maybe it happened a bit earlier in England

642
01:09:52,340 --> 01:09:54,239
because of the industrialization and so on.

643
01:09:54,279 --> 01:09:56,840
But, you know, the big growth of cities

644
01:09:56,840 --> 01:10:00,380
in the late 19th and 20th century and so on

645
01:10:00,380 --> 01:10:01,939
was pretty much at the same time.

646
01:10:01,939 --> 01:10:04,819
And yet, you know, in some places

647
01:10:04,819 --> 01:10:08,460
there was a bigger tendency to buying

648
01:10:08,460 --> 01:10:09,859
and in some other places,

649
01:10:10,359 --> 01:10:12,899
I suppose this is a very complex question

650
01:10:12,899 --> 01:10:14,460
that would require some

651
01:10:14,460 --> 01:10:16,560
economical analysis.

652
01:10:16,899 --> 01:10:17,260
I don't know.

653
01:10:18,720 --> 01:10:20,779
But yeah, we agree on the

654
01:10:20,779 --> 01:10:22,479
answer to number two. And then

655
01:10:22,479 --> 01:10:24,899
as a conclusion,

656
01:10:25,380 --> 01:10:26,939
property and land, is that seen

657
01:10:26,939 --> 01:10:29,060
as a good investment? Your personal opinion.

658
01:10:29,859 --> 01:10:30,479
What do you think?

659
01:10:31,840 --> 01:10:32,920
Holly, what do you think?

660
01:10:33,180 --> 01:10:34,560
Diana, what do you think? Anyone?

661
01:10:37,079 --> 01:10:38,840
Yes, I think it is

662
01:10:38,840 --> 01:10:40,840
a good investment without

663
01:10:40,840 --> 01:10:41,899
any kind of doubt.

664
01:10:41,899 --> 01:10:56,439
because i think now we are in a in a second boom of the of the construction sector yes i yes i

665
01:10:56,439 --> 01:11:04,720
think that unless that's my feeling in the in my suburb that's where where i live okay

666
01:11:04,720 --> 01:11:18,159
Because there's a lot of new constructions and I don't see any flat to buy or to rent.

667
01:11:18,159 --> 01:11:25,960
I have the feeling that before the construction, these flats have been sold, have been sold

668
01:11:25,960 --> 01:11:26,960
before.

669
01:11:26,960 --> 01:11:32,819
Okay, okay, so what you are saying basically is that you believe there is no stock left

670
01:11:32,819 --> 01:11:38,979
and that we are heading to a to a big boom in the construction sector again

671
01:11:38,979 --> 01:11:43,460
basically right yes i think that okay aloma you raised your hand before that

672
01:11:43,460 --> 01:11:48,029
was something that you wanted to say um

673
01:11:48,029 --> 01:11:54,670
just an example i'm a single and i'll be a single forever i think

674
01:11:54,670 --> 01:11:58,350
no i i agree so

675
01:12:00,430 --> 01:12:03,949
when you say i agree what do you mean over there and you mean i am a single

676
01:12:03,949 --> 01:12:08,989
i'll be single forever and i'm happy with it i'm happy with it i'm not in a crisis because i don't

677
01:12:08,989 --> 01:12:13,670
find my no not at all i'd like to be a singer you never know baloma

678
01:12:13,670 --> 01:12:18,189
beatriz that sounds like experience talking

679
01:12:18,189 --> 01:12:25,770
um for me be the owner of a property a flat small flat in madrid

680
01:12:25,770 --> 01:12:32,710
for me it's an investment because then when i get older and i'll be an elderly woman i if i

681
01:12:32,710 --> 01:12:42,770
survive to this crisis on the fourth of course after this is gonna be awful um i think it's

682
01:12:42,770 --> 01:12:51,909
gonna be the money that i'm gonna get in order to pay um a place where i will be um if i need

683
01:12:51,909 --> 01:12:59,489
some kind of special care or whatever this is the money that i have so you are more confident

684
01:12:59,489 --> 01:13:07,170
having your money put in in the real estate sector in a property than in the bank basically

685
01:13:07,170 --> 01:13:12,390
that's what you're saying yeah also guys uh i don't know if you're familiar but this is something

686
01:13:12,390 --> 01:13:17,710
with with this i'm gonna say about uh how what what families do in the states very typically

687
01:13:17,710 --> 01:13:24,130
when their kids move out to university does anybody know what they typically many many times

688
01:13:24,130 --> 01:13:35,090
do their parents they sell the house and they buy a smaller one yeah they downgrade

689
01:13:35,090 --> 01:13:42,850
that's it yeah they they downgrade they call that downgrading okay so it's a it's a way you know

690
01:13:42,850 --> 01:13:50,529
it's a way to uh on the one hand to uh reduce your recurrent spending you know your your your

691
01:13:50,529 --> 01:13:57,869
expenses on the other hand with the money that you make it helps pay the the tuition fees of

692
01:13:57,869 --> 01:14:04,130
your children you know because typically in the states they have to pay the tuition fees and on

693
01:14:04,130 --> 01:14:10,989
the you know finally that makes it very difficult for the children to come back home when they are

694
01:14:10,989 --> 01:14:21,970
done at university so it's so it's all very well thought out all right good uh so let's go ahead

695
01:14:21,970 --> 01:14:27,850
um we're gonna go ahead and have a quick very quick look on exercise two which i think we can

696
01:14:27,850 --> 01:14:34,890
do on the fly okay we don't need to prepare for this it's a very simple one okay so guys they

697
01:14:34,890 --> 01:14:41,050
basically asking us to complete to complete the definitions using just one word per space

698
01:14:41,050 --> 01:14:45,130
half 30 seconds see how you would complete use each of those sentences

699
01:15:37,659 --> 01:15:39,979
shall we go what will you have for the first one

700
01:15:43,180 --> 01:15:50,460
profit profit for example yes speculator is someone who risks loses for the possibility

701
01:15:50,460 --> 01:15:58,319
of a big profit of big profits in this case right because it's in the plural profits or big gains

702
01:15:58,319 --> 01:16:07,239
you could also say okay big gains big profits the creditor someone who what lend lends that's it

703
01:16:07,239 --> 01:16:16,420
someone who lends money to someone else okay uh also we could say loans you know that if it's a

704
01:16:16,420 --> 01:16:24,390
amount of money and so on we also say loans okay and then an asset is something which a person or

705
01:16:24,390 --> 01:16:32,390
an organization what owns owns that's it somebody said something else i couldn't quite hear what was

706
01:16:32,390 --> 01:16:40,789
it i said improve but not really not really is a personal organization owns or a personal

707
01:16:40,789 --> 01:16:50,670
organization possesses maybe but sometimes in in the contracts said that for example provide

708
01:16:50,670 --> 01:17:00,090
food or provide accommodation as an asset yeah probably you know that contracts this is again

709
01:17:00,090 --> 01:17:06,729
legal thing and they have very specific terms for example compensation in a contract is not

710
01:17:06,729 --> 01:17:08,569
the same thing as we typically understand

711
01:17:08,569 --> 01:17:10,449
for us compensation

712
01:17:10,449 --> 01:17:18,810
however in everyday

713
01:17:18,810 --> 01:17:20,710
speech compensation is what we

714
01:17:20,710 --> 01:17:22,270
understand to make up for something

715
01:17:22,270 --> 01:17:24,529
so we need to

716
01:17:24,529 --> 01:17:25,369
we need to

717
01:17:25,369 --> 01:17:27,590
in those specific

718
01:17:27,590 --> 01:17:30,590
registers

719
01:17:30,590 --> 01:17:31,770
or areas

720
01:17:31,770 --> 01:17:33,909
fields

721
01:17:33,909 --> 01:17:36,510
we have to watch out for language

722
01:17:36,510 --> 01:17:43,760
And then a commodity, everyday things that are what?

723
01:17:44,079 --> 01:17:44,560
Owned.

724
01:17:45,699 --> 01:17:49,180
Well, which are bought, so you buy them and sold.

725
01:17:49,560 --> 01:17:49,880
And sold.

726
01:17:50,460 --> 01:17:52,560
So those are commodities, okay?

727
01:17:56,739 --> 01:17:57,060
Okay.

728
01:17:57,939 --> 01:18:00,079
So bien es de consumo, basically, okay?

729
01:18:00,500 --> 01:18:02,539
Commodities are basically bien es de consumo.

730
01:18:04,119 --> 01:18:06,460
It makes your life more comfortable.

731
01:18:06,800 --> 01:18:06,960
Yes.

732
01:18:06,960 --> 01:18:16,159
but but basic uh basic goods or basic basic services or everyday things like common things

733
01:18:16,159 --> 01:18:21,760
is just to make it different from an investment because for example you can pay you can buy shares

734
01:18:21,760 --> 01:18:29,560
or you can buy a property okay and a property like a house or so on is not a commodity

735
01:18:29,560 --> 01:18:36,680
so a commodity could it's typically more everyday things let's uh let me go ahead and check for a

736
01:18:36,680 --> 01:18:45,220
second, because it may be useful. Let me go ahead and see if we have a, another key word here is

737
01:18:45,220 --> 01:18:57,140
utility, of course. Commodity here. If you go over to the definition, I just went to the

738
01:18:57,140 --> 01:19:03,380
definition of the dictionary. And basically for commodities, it says a substance or product that

739
01:19:03,380 --> 01:19:10,100
can be traded bought or sold substance or product something that you can trade

740
01:19:10,100 --> 01:19:19,060
more easily than than property okay and that was the last one so it's not too

741
01:19:19,060 --> 01:19:25,399
difficult oops okay I just closed the whole book it's not too important so

742
01:19:25,399 --> 01:19:33,500
guys let's go ahead and let's go ahead and we may be working on the text for a

743
01:19:33,500 --> 01:19:39,739
minute but before we do that there is something I want to explain regarding

744
01:19:39,739 --> 01:19:44,420
regarding next next day's homework okay and because I don't want to run out of

745
01:19:44,420 --> 01:19:49,039
time to explain that I'm gonna do that now and then we'll come back to the text

746
01:19:49,039 --> 01:19:54,220
with whatever time we have left okay so

747
01:19:54,220 --> 01:20:03,560
So, basically, I want you to have a look into these six sentences, okay?

748
01:20:05,039 --> 01:20:07,460
Let's, again, work in small groups.

749
01:20:07,640 --> 01:20:11,020
I'm just asking you to translate these expressions back into English.

750
01:20:11,180 --> 01:20:12,560
It's a very simple thing, okay?

751
01:20:12,920 --> 01:20:14,199
We took these expressions.

752
01:20:14,420 --> 01:20:16,619
We took a text here, which I'll show you in a minute.

753
01:20:17,140 --> 01:20:22,159
We took this text, which is on corona, and we have taken out some expressions on corona.

754
01:20:22,159 --> 01:20:26,279
When one says corona these days, you know which corona we refer to, right?

755
01:20:26,640 --> 01:20:28,340
So we have this text in corona.

756
01:20:28,520 --> 01:20:31,180
We took out a number of expressions, okay?

757
01:20:31,819 --> 01:20:37,100
Basically, this exercise is designed to increase your language awareness, okay?

758
01:20:37,159 --> 01:20:40,920
And point to a number of expressions that you could find in the text, okay?

759
01:20:41,399 --> 01:20:47,680
So what I want you to do is to think of possible translations of these expressions into English.

760
01:20:47,680 --> 01:20:52,600
and then at home you will work on how those expressions fit on the original

761
01:20:52,600 --> 01:20:59,020
text okay so let me you need to open the you need to open the blackboard because

762
01:20:59,020 --> 01:21:03,800
I'm gonna break you in groups you need to open the blackboard to read to be

763
01:21:03,800 --> 01:21:14,289
able to read the sentences okay all right let me go and try to come over

764
01:21:14,289 --> 01:21:18,670
here and then I need to come over here and then I need to come over here there

765
01:21:18,670 --> 01:21:25,680
you go it would just take us a couple of minutes

766
01:23:04,279 --> 01:23:53,619
Thank you.

767
01:23:53,640 --> 01:25:48,119
Hi there.

768
01:25:48,119 --> 01:25:53,180
Hello.

769
01:25:53,180 --> 01:25:56,000
Hi, Emilia, again.

770
01:26:10,319 --> 01:26:13,199
You are on mute, José Luis.

771
01:26:15,579 --> 01:26:16,420
You are on mute.

772
01:26:16,659 --> 01:26:17,760
Yeah, we cannot hear you.

773
01:26:17,979 --> 01:26:18,399
Okay.

774
01:26:18,920 --> 01:26:19,300
All right.

775
01:26:19,520 --> 01:26:22,539
I had a little accident while we were in the small groups.

776
01:26:22,539 --> 01:26:30,899
I moved too abruptly and then my USB thing unplugged and probably that's why.

777
01:26:35,460 --> 01:26:39,560
Okay, guys, I think we are pretty much back here.

778
01:26:40,180 --> 01:26:46,180
so very quickly i just wanna uh i just wanna see what some of your alternatives were for these uh

779
01:26:46,180 --> 01:26:51,460
expressions and then once again make note of all the alternatives that you have and then you will

780
01:26:51,460 --> 01:26:59,539
use those when you are working on the full text okay so uh what you have for the first one

781
01:26:59,539 --> 01:27:05,539
uh let's see uh hold on a second i need to enlarge this screen just as i was showing

782
01:27:05,539 --> 01:27:15,579
beatrice before there we go so uh here we are so uh diana what would you have for the first one

783
01:27:15,579 --> 01:27:24,720
typical translation for uh i motive of your microphone don't forget to activate your

784
01:27:24,720 --> 01:27:29,159
microphone same thing just happened to me in a small group so no worries

785
01:27:29,159 --> 01:27:42,739
okay yes that's it yeah um i'm not sure whether it's very accurate we were just

786
01:27:42,739 --> 01:27:53,479
translating that we have reasons to to suspect on or it's a species that you chose we have

787
01:27:53,479 --> 01:28:01,260
instead of oh there are yeah i mean yeah okay so there's reason to suspect there's reason to

788
01:28:01,260 --> 01:28:08,500
belief there's reason to there are reasons to okay we'll see okay those those were not too bad

789
01:28:08,500 --> 01:28:13,960
okay uh what about the second one the second one was probably more difficult you get anything for

790
01:28:13,960 --> 01:28:20,699
that uh oh margarita margarita are you here she just uh joined and i think it's the first time

791
01:28:20,699 --> 01:28:29,119
that that she is in the group so yes it's my first time hi oh okay hello we cannot see you

792
01:28:29,119 --> 01:28:35,939
but we can hear you uh yes i don't know why the video is not it's not working but it's not my

793
01:28:35,939 --> 01:28:42,560
computer so don't worry too much okay it's uh it's a good thing that you came for the first

794
01:28:42,560 --> 01:28:50,319
time over here okay it's typically uh it may be two things either you have not allowed your

795
01:28:50,319 --> 01:28:55,880
the video to be shared or there is something wrong with the webcam and so on okay so those

796
01:28:55,880 --> 01:29:00,779
are typically the two settings in order to allow your video to be shared you need to come to the

797
01:29:00,779 --> 01:29:07,319
lower section of your window and then on the dashboard make sure that the camera is not crossed

798
01:29:07,319 --> 01:29:16,659
so that it says sharing video and if that's not it it's okay but i don't know why it's

799
01:29:16,659 --> 01:29:24,560
it's i will try in another time yeah the next time it will work terrific terrific so yeah

800
01:29:24,560 --> 01:29:33,659
possible translations for the por si por si solo can you think of anything we we

801
01:29:33,659 --> 01:29:40,100
put on its own that could be a possible translation okay you know guys that I

802
01:29:40,100 --> 01:29:43,600
picked these expressions because you what you will find in the text is

803
01:29:43,600 --> 01:29:48,100
something slightly different and more idiomatic than the alternatives that you

804
01:29:48,100 --> 01:29:57,939
are giving me now here okay i was thinking about um compound uh yeah go ahead i was gonna say what

805
01:29:57,939 --> 01:30:05,659
about by itself by itself okay by and of itself for example that would be a very nice one okay

806
01:30:05,659 --> 01:30:14,399
yes all of what about uh like a two word and like a compound self something self healing or self

807
01:30:14,399 --> 01:30:20,020
oh okay depending on the context if it was used as an adjective that would be very very typical

808
01:30:20,020 --> 01:30:26,340
okay it's a self-contained book you can find in it everything you want so this will depend on how

809
01:30:26,340 --> 01:30:33,079
it is used in the sentence i was actually like linking it to the last one like self-healing

810
01:30:33,079 --> 01:30:41,840
okay so i don't know okay that depending on the context yeah depending on on yeah on the grammar

811
01:30:41,840 --> 01:30:48,159
of the of the gap of the sentence you will go for one thing or the other and then fire multi-organico

812
01:30:51,880 --> 01:30:56,119
multi-organic failure okay and then there will be another way of saying

813
01:30:56,119 --> 01:30:59,960
this which you will find in the text okay the symptoms uh

814
01:31:01,720 --> 01:31:05,399
now if i read it in spanish and i tend to translate it already that doesn't

815
01:31:05,399 --> 01:31:07,319
that that's no good the symptoms

816
01:31:07,319 --> 01:31:17,979
pueden avanzar pueden evolucionar symptoms can what worsen worsen if it's uh evolving for the

817
01:31:17,979 --> 01:31:23,079
worse okay basically you'll find another collocation over there that you may not be

818
01:31:23,079 --> 01:31:30,939
familiar with and then curarse por si misma ya lo hemos visto antes so basically guys i just

819
01:31:30,939 --> 01:31:36,659
wanted you to have some brainstorming on these expressions and as i said one of the assignments

820
01:31:36,659 --> 01:31:44,500
for next day is to go over to the gap text over here okay and again with context this time with

821
01:31:44,500 --> 01:31:53,140
context okay see which of those could work all right you will see diana either self whatever

822
01:31:53,140 --> 01:31:59,619
thing works in this context or not depending on you know on the rest of things so uh the way um

823
01:32:00,340 --> 01:32:05,380
i have you have the text over there with the gaps and then the questions i mean the answers sorry

824
01:32:05,380 --> 01:32:10,279
you we will we will collect we will sorry not this one we will collect them in a form

825
01:32:10,279 --> 01:32:19,050
okay so you have these two ways of doing it this is a combined thing so uh just for uh the last

826
01:32:19,050 --> 01:32:24,489
few minutes uh let's go back to the um let's go back to the text that we were working on before

827
01:32:24,489 --> 01:32:34,810
on the book and uh this one i think i closed it so let's go back to the book on page 58

828
01:32:34,810 --> 01:32:43,010
and let's have a quick look on exercise five okay exercise five there i'll show you in a minute

829
01:32:43,010 --> 01:32:52,649
exercise five on page 58 is asking you about a number of expressions that we use in this context

830
01:32:52,649 --> 01:33:00,010
okay these ones here i think we know most of them okay take a take a couple of minutes see

831
01:33:00,010 --> 01:33:07,869
see if you can describe these words, okay? Some of them you will know already,

832
01:33:07,869 --> 01:33:11,689
these are not so difficult, and then when you read the text, which is part of the

833
01:33:11,689 --> 01:33:17,050
assignment for next day, you will find these sentences, okay? Just

834
01:33:17,050 --> 01:33:20,949
take a couple minutes without reading the text, just reading the sentences here

835
01:33:20,949 --> 01:34:06,659
and see what definition you can provide from them a minute I think I've already

836
01:34:06,659 --> 01:34:11,600
told you sometimes how in books in English books because most of the times

837
01:34:11,600 --> 01:34:16,380
they are targeted to global market so many Asian people running the language

838
01:34:16,380 --> 01:34:21,119
and so on and people with different backgrounds sometimes they they

839
01:34:21,119 --> 01:34:28,739
highlight former words which are difficult for you know for non-Latin

840
01:34:28,739 --> 01:34:32,699
speaking people and are sometimes difficult for the British people for

841
01:34:32,699 --> 01:34:37,579
English-speaking people because they are formal but for us constitute diligence

842
01:34:37,579 --> 01:34:44,739
inherent you know are not too difficult are they so guys what about it yeah go

843
01:34:44,739 --> 01:34:51,939
ahead excuse me I want to say that it was a one time that some British people

844
01:34:51,939 --> 01:35:00,340
told me that I use a very very proper language so it was for them it was very

845
01:35:00,340 --> 01:35:06,920
strange because my my words are so very very cultural very I don't know how to

846
01:35:06,920 --> 01:35:10,699
say that these are very lucky common that they were regular ones that they

847
01:35:10,699 --> 01:35:20,060
use and this is because yes i use the ones that for me are easier of course yeah that's it okay

848
01:35:20,060 --> 01:35:25,100
that's that's that's a stage in the learning of the language from our background we tend to use

849
01:35:25,100 --> 01:35:30,140
the words that we know and that we know that facilitate well facilitate is a perfectly english

850
01:35:30,140 --> 01:35:36,859
way but they would 99 of the times they would say make something easier you know so and this is a

851
01:35:36,859 --> 01:35:41,619
tiny example same thing happens with all the phrase reverbs and stuff like that so it's a

852
01:35:41,619 --> 01:35:48,500
process it's a process of mastering different registers okay and uh that's precisely why these

853
01:35:48,500 --> 01:35:54,880
are these difficult words are highlighted in books what about amenities what are amenities guys

854
01:35:54,880 --> 01:36:05,600
facilities or services services services that you that you need uh in your daily life as a

855
01:36:05,600 --> 01:36:13,329
requirement or services that make things easier and more comfortable or more fun to you it's the

856
01:36:13,329 --> 01:36:18,989
second okay i think that the one that made more fun no the the one that that really basic

857
01:36:18,989 --> 01:36:27,789
that's it so we would have uh facilities for the kind of service that you need so to say

858
01:36:27,789 --> 01:36:32,689
so these are the computer facilities in the university you can find computer facilities

859
01:36:32,689 --> 01:36:39,090
here and there okay but then uh the theater is among the best amenities that we have in the

860
01:36:39,090 --> 01:36:44,449
in the town for example okay so a slightly different thing about that question

861
01:36:46,130 --> 01:36:52,529
i'm go it's about to finish i'm going to mute you uh augustine because your microphone was on

862
01:36:52,529 --> 01:36:58,050
uh so if everyone made a dash for the exit this is very british though this is not immediate for

863
01:36:58,050 --> 01:37:07,489
spanish speakers diana or ricardo or anyone could you get this one sprint or like race a sprint

864
01:37:07,489 --> 01:37:12,770
that's it made a very quick move okay you dash for something okay crawling

865
01:37:15,409 --> 01:37:19,649
miyan you lived in england right what was the last time that you went pop crawling

866
01:37:21,489 --> 01:37:28,529
yeah um popcorn is when you go to different bars right well pop crawling basically well i remember

867
01:37:28,529 --> 01:37:35,050
the last time i did pub crawling it was in new york in manhattan and i lived on on the 42nd street

868
01:37:35,050 --> 01:37:42,189
by the ymca over there and we were like uh in soho pub crawling typically or technically is when you

869
01:37:42,189 --> 01:37:48,710
stop in every single pub that you find that you find on your way back home like a pub tour yeah

870
01:37:48,710 --> 01:37:55,470
and obviously crawling is that kind of movement that you make when you are you know on the floor

871
01:37:55,470 --> 01:38:02,270
already on the ground and just moving your your hands or your arms and so on so it's not too

872
01:38:02,270 --> 01:38:07,149
difficult inherent what responsibilities are inherent could you give me a synonym for that

873
01:38:07,149 --> 01:38:22,569
natural or belonging or joint access characteristic okay uh if an employer rewarded an employee for

874
01:38:22,569 --> 01:38:33,220
the diligence diligence elena can you think of a synonym for diligence it's more difficult for

875
01:38:33,220 --> 01:38:39,579
us to think of synonyms that to know what these words mean obligations the what sorry obligations

876
01:38:39,579 --> 01:38:46,420
requirements obligations is when you do things properly quickly no it's not quickly it's not

877
01:38:46,420 --> 01:38:54,460
for their well-doing for the you know for the commitment commitment commitment it's broader

878
01:38:54,460 --> 01:38:59,380
than commitment but commitment will be close your diligence is when you do things properly you know

879
01:38:59,380 --> 01:39:04,539
for you're doing things properly and what constitutes lazy behavior what makes lazy

880
01:39:04,539 --> 01:39:10,720
behavior right not too difficult over there okay good so as i said most of the words you

881
01:39:10,720 --> 01:39:19,399
will find them pretty easy so guys let me go over on and see what what we are working on for next

882
01:39:19,399 --> 01:39:28,180
day let me change this back to okay so basically what we have over here is i mean for the homework

883
01:39:28,180 --> 01:39:33,220
for next day is the the text exercise that i just explained and then we have at least uh short

884
01:39:33,220 --> 01:39:38,739
listening over here six minutes which is you when you open the file you will find the link over

885
01:39:38,739 --> 01:39:43,779
there there's like six or seven questions you will see the questions are split in two sets

886
01:39:44,340 --> 01:39:48,739
the first set has to do with content but then these listening in particular has a number of

887
01:39:48,739 --> 01:39:54,100
very interesting expressions okay so you will find there is a second section which is about

888
01:39:54,100 --> 01:39:58,979
language awareness and it's it's going to be asking you precisely about the language in the

889
01:39:58,979 --> 01:40:05,699
listening okay i'm sorry it's two things connected with the corona but uh it's so it's all around us

890
01:40:05,699 --> 01:40:10,260
so if you listen to the radio you listen to anything it's is the time to learn the vocabulary

891
01:40:10,260 --> 01:40:19,220
connected to this just as well okay also yes blast go ahead oh no sorry with me yeah i would say i'm

892
01:40:19,220 --> 01:40:26,039
i'm sorry for the for the coronavirus um virus there's an overlapping of uh the topics over here

893
01:40:26,039 --> 01:40:30,720
but it's it's only natural okay and again it's not too long so you should it should not be too

894
01:40:30,720 --> 01:40:37,500
much of a problem now um so it's these two exercises um guys i'm asking you to go over and

895
01:40:37,500 --> 01:40:45,739
read read the text okay learn for all okay because we don't need to be reading this in class so just

896
01:40:45,739 --> 01:40:54,539
read the text writing and that way we'll have some of the work advanced and also work on exercises

897
01:40:54,539 --> 01:41:00,779
four which is about the content and then exercise six which is about the vocabulary okay

898
01:41:00,779 --> 01:41:07,539
on the same page okay this is page well it's actually the text is on the separate page but

899
01:41:07,539 --> 01:41:17,619
this is page 58 okay and this is page 59 oops okay and uh there is one more thing that i want

900
01:41:17,619 --> 01:41:23,460
to send but i i didn't have it ready so i didn't put it here it has to do with number 11 with all

901
01:41:23,460 --> 01:41:30,579
the whole thing we we read the last uh let part c you know the wind show case and so on but this

902
01:41:30,579 --> 01:41:36,100
was like two or three weeks ago all this thing happened we didn't have time to comment so what

903
01:41:36,100 --> 01:41:40,779
i'm going to do is i'm going to send you a worksheet basically this worksheet has a number

904
01:41:40,779 --> 01:41:47,119
of gaps that will help you to recreate the story from as much as you can remember so i'm going to

905
01:41:47,119 --> 01:41:52,899
send that out and you try to fill it out the best way we can next day i'll put it up on the shared

906
01:41:52,899 --> 01:41:58,539
blackboard and helen and all of us can go ahead and try to fill in the gaps with uh you know

907
01:41:58,539 --> 01:42:07,699
share working on the on the blackboard okay and um i think that's it okay questions comments

908
01:42:07,699 --> 01:42:14,340
anything else no well good thing is that now we saved on top of 30 minutes to get home because

909
01:42:14,340 --> 01:42:19,539
we are already there and we can have dinner already so everything has a there's a silver

910
01:42:19,539 --> 01:42:23,659
lining to every cloud as they would say in english right we could keep doing these

911
01:42:23,659 --> 01:42:31,760
we could keep going on like this afterwards so who knows maybe we as i said before maybe we are

912
01:42:31,760 --> 01:42:39,380
forced to uh to do it from now on okay it's not it's not immediate the whether the course will

913
01:42:39,380 --> 01:42:48,039
continue will resume after uh spring break or or not anyways we'll see time will tell

914
01:42:48,039 --> 01:42:54,699
okay guys stay stay uh stay safe okay and the exam paloma is asking what do we know about the exam

915
01:42:54,699 --> 01:43:02,739
okay no paloma we don't know yet okay but what i'm thinking is that uh i will try to um

916
01:43:02,739 --> 01:43:08,539
i mean these are uh yeah paloma is giving the answer already before

917
01:43:08,539 --> 01:43:24,300
I would try to make everything possible to be rid of the rigor of having to take an exam after this situation.

918
01:43:24,300 --> 01:43:27,319
We don't know what the official ruling will be for this.

919
01:43:27,399 --> 01:43:28,680
They will probably come up with something.

920
01:43:29,399 --> 01:43:32,939
But, guys, we are working.

921
01:43:33,239 --> 01:43:35,920
You keep doing the assignments and you keep working like this.

922
01:43:35,979 --> 01:43:36,939
It's an exceptional year.

923
01:43:36,939 --> 01:43:41,359
I don't think we should be too focused on the exam paloma what I mean is that we should not

924
01:43:41,359 --> 01:43:47,399
worry okay if you keep working and so on there shouldn't be too much of a problem maybe you have

925
01:43:47,399 --> 01:43:54,340
to take a specific part or not but uh it shouldn't be too much and I yeah sorry with with the TOEFL

926
01:43:54,340 --> 01:44:01,319
exam you can do it at home um like some you can't but they have like a video system in which they

927
01:44:01,319 --> 01:44:06,159
are like recording you while you are taking your exam right and you cannot and you cannot do it if

928
01:44:06,159 --> 01:44:12,460
have a mac um you can only do it yeah i couldn't do it because of that so it's quite tricky but

929
01:44:12,460 --> 01:44:17,539
like maybe their software is very specific and they are like recording you all the time trying

930
01:44:17,539 --> 01:44:21,659
to make sure that it is you who's taking the exam even if you could have like something plugged to

931
01:44:21,659 --> 01:44:27,159
your ear or something but yeah and like a camera yeah that camera at the background and recording

932
01:44:27,159 --> 01:44:32,060
everything other than well like an ipad um like an ipad on the side or something yeah yeah we are

933
01:44:32,060 --> 01:44:36,920
not that technological okay and i don't think we'll get that technological under these circumstances

934
01:44:36,920 --> 01:44:44,520
either okay so all right guys well then see you next week and i'll email before with the

935
01:44:44,520 --> 01:44:54,260
oh i'm stuttering uh with the upgraded uh homework all right have a good one stay safe

936
01:44:54,260 --> 01:44:55,380
thank you