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Hola a todos. We're going to start unit number 5, which is called Building Blocks.

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Bloques de construcción. Let's see.

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So, there are different types of materials. Tenemos dos tipos de materiales.

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Tenemos natural materials and manufactured materials.

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Natural materials, ¿cuáles son? Pues los que vienen de la naturaleza.

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They come from nature, animals, plants and rocks.

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Manufactured, los manufacturados, are those that people make.

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So, people make natural materials into manufactured.

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So, they are non-natural.

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They are artificial.

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Natural materials.

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¿Qué diferentes tipos de materiales naturales podemos encontrar?

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Por ejemplo, we can find the wool, la lana, the cotton, el algodón, the wood, la madera, the petroleum, el petróleo, the rocks and the sand.

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Then, we've got manufactured materials. Son los materiales hechos por el hombre.

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Fabric. Tela, que no es fábrica. Fábrica sería factory, ¿ok?

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Plastic, plástico.

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aunque aquí podamos encontrarnos muchas veces

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pues botellas o platos o tenedores

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a lo mejor en un bosque o en un río

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y nos lo encontramos en la naturaleza

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no significa que sean naturales

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eso es que la gente pues es un poquito incídica

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Entonces, all these type of things we have to

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throw it to the bin, ¿ok?

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A la basura

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And then the paper, manufactured

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Metal, el metal también es algo creado por el hombre, y el cristal, and the glass, que por cierto, vaso se dice glass y cristal se dice glass, ¿vale?

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Se puede decir, glass sirve tanto para vaso como para cristal.

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So, what are they made of? ¿De qué están hechos estos personajes tan simpáticos?

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Pues vamos a ver

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First of all, we're going to see Forky

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Let's see, let's see

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Wally

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Look at Wally

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Look at Groot

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Look at Cinderella's shoe

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Look at the thing

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Look at the sheep bun

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Look at these minions

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And look at Snow White doll

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fijaos en los materiales, perdón, en los personajes

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y quiero que le deis al

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pause

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porque ahora yo voy a poneros

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las respuestas, entonces

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le dais al pause, pensáis un poquito de

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qué creéis que pueden estar hechos

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y le dais otra vez al

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play, porque yo os voy a poner ahora mismo

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las soluciones

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So, Forky

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absolutely is made of plastic

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Wally is made of metal

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Root is made of wood

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Cinderella's hill is made of glass

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The thing is made of rock

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La cosa, se llama la cosa, está hecho de roca

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This sheep bun is made of wool

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El muñete de la ovejita está hecho de lana, claro

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Vamos, está hecho, es lana

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These minions are made of toilet paper rolls, so paper.

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And Snow White is made of fabric, está hecha de tela.

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Besides, los objetos tienen diferentes propiedades.

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propiedades. Claro, por ejemplo, un cojín, a cushion, is soft. Es blandito, pero no puede

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ser blandito y duro a la vez, ¿no? El cojín, the cushion, is soft. A pillow is soft. If

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a cushion or a pillow would be hard, we couldn't sleep, ¿no? Si un cojín fuese duro o una

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almohada, no podríamos dormir, nos tendríamos un dolor de cuello. ¡Qué madre mía! Vamos

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a ver qué características o qué propiedades tienen estos objetos. Por ejemplo, cushion,

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we said that is soft, blandito. Wall, el muro, una pared, is hard, claro, porque si las paredes

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fuesen blandas, pues los edificios no podrían sostenerse. For example, a house is flexible.

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Una manguera tiene que ser flexible, tiene que llegar a recovecos. Por ejemplo, imaginaos

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si los firefighters, si los bomberos están en un incendio, tienen que tener una manguera

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flexible, para poder apagar cualquier zona. También pasa lo mismo si estamos en el jardín,

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pues no llegamos igual a todas las plantas que tenemos, si no fuese flexible, ¿ok?

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Chips, these chips are rigid, los tubos, generalmente, tanto los de metal, unas cañerías también,

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The plums, pues, tienen que ser rígidas.

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Other materials, such as, for example, the magnifying glass, la lupa, is transparent.

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What does transparent mean?

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Transparent means that this object lets the light to go through it.

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Es decir, que deja, ese material deja que la luz traspase, pase atrás de él.

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Por ejemplo, si no es una lupa, es un vaso de cristal

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Vemos, si nosotros ponemos un vaso de cristal pegadito a nuestro ojo

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Veremos a través del

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But, on the other hand, we've got the opaque materials

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Tenemos materiales opacos

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Que son los que no dejan pasar la luz

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They cannot let light go through it

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So, we use different materials to build homes

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Usamos diferentes materiales para construir hogares en diferentes partes del mundo

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Por ejemplo, in the desert, some people live in tents

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Alguna gente vive en tiendas, ojo, en tiendas de campaña, no en tiendas de comida

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In this case is tents, not shop, ok? Tienda, de campaña

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In the forest or in the jungle, some people live in huts. Esto es como pizza hut, ¿vale? No lo confundáis con hut, H-A-T, que es sombrero. Huts con U. This is a hut.

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Esto seguro es segurísimo que lo conocéis porque son los hogares de los, ahora ya no tanto, ¿no?

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Pero esto se llevaba mucho hace, bueno, pues antiguamente, en los hogares de los esquimales o de los inuits

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Y they are made of ice blocks, o sea, han hechos de cubos de hielo

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En las ciudades o pueblos hay gente que vive en casas

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Casas como houses, I mean

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In this case, houses means chalet, for example

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Or flats, pisos

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Flat significa también algo plano

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Por ejemplo, I live in a flat, yo vivo en un piso

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Mi piso tiene solo una planta

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No es un duplex, por ejemplo.

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So, flats.

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And now, we're going to see that materials change.

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Los materiales pueden cambiar, pueden sufrir cambios, tener cambios de forma.

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Y esos cambios pueden ser reversible changes or irreversible changes.

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Los cambios reversibles son aquellos en los que

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Los materiales pueden cambiar, pero luego pueden volver a su forma original.

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Es decir, aunque nosotros los modifiquemos, pueden volver otra vez a ser como eran en un primer momento.

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Sin embargo, los irreversibles no pueden ser.

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Por ejemplo, materials cannot return to the same forms.

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Cambios irreversibles son aquellos en los que una vez se modifica ese material,

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ya ese material no puede volver a su forma original.

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No se puede volver atrás.

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Por ejemplo, reversible changes.

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Here we've got oranges pole.

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And if we hit it, it turns into oranges.

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And then if this orange juice, we cool it, it becomes a pole again.

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Es decir, aquí tenemos un polo de naranja.

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Si lo calentamos, heat, if we heat it, it turns into orange juice.

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Se hace, se convierte en zumo de naranja.

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Si este zumo de naranja lo enfriamos, if we cool it, se vuelve a convertir en el polo.

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Por lo tanto, son cambios reversibles.

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Reversibles.

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It happens the same with chocolate.

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For example, here we've got a fridge.

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If we take this chocolate out of the fridge,

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it's solid, ok?

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Then, we melt it, we heat it.

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Lo derretimos, lo calentamos.

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¿Qué pasa?

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The chocolate becomes into a liquid form.

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And then, this liquid,

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if we put it again in the fridge,

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if we cool it,

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it becomes into a solid chocolate.

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So, it is the same.

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Reversible changes.

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Uh-oh.

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However, here we've got irreversible changes.

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Mmm.

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For example, an egg.

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If we crack an egg, if we break an egg, this is what happens.

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But we cannot do the contrary process.

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Pero no podemos volver al inicio.

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Este huevo ya no lo podemos volver.

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Me irá a meter en su cáscara y hacer como si no hubiese pasado nada.

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Esto ya no se puede volver a cambiar.

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It happens the same with the wood.

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If we put the wood into a fire, what happens?

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It burns and it disappears at the end.

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It becomes into ashes.

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¿Vale? Esto, la madera, si la ponemos al fuego, se quema y se convierte en cenizas.

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Esas cenizas ya no se puede volver atrás.

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No podemos reconstruir las cenizas, ponerlas todas juntas y hacer otra vez un tronco.

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Ok, so that's why Branch is so angry and upset.

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Vale, pues chicos, este es el final del topic number five.