1 00:00:01,050 --> 00:00:11,140 The maid of Orleans, Jeanne d'Arc, better known for us as Joan of Arc, was a military 2 00:00:11,140 --> 00:00:15,140 leader in France during 1429 and 1430. 3 00:00:15,140 --> 00:00:17,859 She was born on January 6th 1412. 4 00:00:17,859 --> 00:00:22,699 Her last name, of Arc, comes from her dad, Jacques d'Arc, though it is also found in 5 00:00:22,699 --> 00:00:27,500 documents as d'Arc, d'Arc, d'Air, d'Ay, but translated, it's something like of 6 00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:28,500 Arc. 7 00:00:28,500 --> 00:00:34,500 along with his wife Isabelle Romée, owned 50 acres in the community of Domremy, in France. 8 00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:39,380 Joan's dad, apart from being a farmer, also had a minor position as a village official, 9 00:00:39,380 --> 00:00:41,179 heading the local watch. 10 00:00:41,179 --> 00:00:46,600 When Joan of Arc was born, France was facing a long war against England, known as the Hundred 11 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:51,840 Years' War, an armed conflict that lasted for 116 years. 12 00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:56,619 Its purpose was to decide who would control the great possessions the English monarchs 13 00:00:56,619 --> 00:01:01,219 had accumulated since 1154 in French territory. 14 00:01:01,219 --> 00:01:04,780 Since she was seven, John already knew she was special. 15 00:01:04,780 --> 00:01:09,319 She used to say she had mystic visions that guided and protected her. 16 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:12,140 With time, they started becoming more vivid. 17 00:01:12,140 --> 00:01:16,140 She could see Saint Catherine, Saint Margaret and Saint Michael. 18 00:01:16,140 --> 00:01:20,459 These visions told her she had to be good and merciful, and they became more and more 19 00:01:20,459 --> 00:01:22,219 epic each time. 20 00:01:22,219 --> 00:01:27,219 In the first months of 1429, during the Hundred Years War and when the English were about 21 00:01:27,219 --> 00:01:32,219 to conquer Orleans, those voices encouraged her to help the Dauphin, later on King of 22 00:01:32,219 --> 00:01:35,719 France, Charles VII, who hadn't been crowned yet. 23 00:01:35,719 --> 00:01:40,340 The voice, that of Saint Michael, the saint protector of France, told her that she'd 24 00:01:40,340 --> 00:01:45,540 be the one to relieve the siege of Orleans, which had started in 1428. 25 00:01:45,540 --> 00:01:51,140 Joan decided to accomplish her destiny, try to convince Robert de Badricourt, captain 26 00:01:51,140 --> 00:01:56,799 of a royal garrison in the north of Don Remi, to provide her with escort to go to Orleans. 27 00:01:56,799 --> 00:02:01,640 It took more than a year for that captain to help Joan, when he saw she had the support 28 00:02:01,640 --> 00:02:02,640 of the people. 29 00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:07,519 In 1429, he lent her a horse and escort of several soldiers. 30 00:02:07,519 --> 00:02:11,759 Joan cut her hair and dressed as a man for her trip towards the war. 31 00:02:11,759 --> 00:02:16,139 When she arrived, they were suspicious, but in the end, they accepted her in the battle 32 00:02:16,139 --> 00:02:18,699 where the French ended up winning. 33 00:02:18,699 --> 00:02:23,680 It is difficult to define clearly Joanne's role in the relief of Orleans. 34 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:25,639 Historians highlight two things. 35 00:02:25,639 --> 00:02:31,479 She preferred the banner over the sword, and she meant a great moral impulse for her army. 36 00:02:31,479 --> 00:02:33,419 Others say she was more than that. 37 00:02:33,419 --> 00:02:40,759 She was a very talented tactician and a successful strategist, and she was only 17 years old. 38 00:02:40,759 --> 00:02:45,659 After winning in Orleans, her new nickname was born, Joanne the Maid of Orleans. 39 00:02:45,659 --> 00:02:50,960 And after this victory, came some others under her leadership, for Charles VII. 40 00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:53,199 Until her final battle came. 41 00:02:53,199 --> 00:02:59,780 On May 23rd 1430, she had to defend Compegne from an attack from the Burgundians, an allied 42 00:02:59,780 --> 00:03:01,180 of the English. 43 00:03:01,180 --> 00:03:05,879 This city was in front of a bridge, and it could be a potential siege point. 44 00:03:05,879 --> 00:03:11,000 Joan commanded her army against the enemy forces, but they were bigger than expected 45 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,639 and managed to capture the prized maid of Orleans. 46 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:18,199 Joan of Arc was then taken to Rouen for her trial. 47 00:03:18,199 --> 00:03:25,180 Between February 21st and March 24th, 1431, she was interrogated almost a dozen times 48 00:03:25,180 --> 00:03:31,080 by a jury, where she was accused of heresy and subject to intense interrogations. 49 00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:36,560 In total, up to 70 charges were presented against her, the most serious of all, that 50 00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:40,460 of inventing false revelations and divine appearances. 51 00:03:40,460 --> 00:03:45,060 In the end, she was accused of heresy and condemned to be burned at the stake on May 52 00:03:45,060 --> 00:03:47,139 29th, 1431. 53 00:03:47,139 --> 00:03:51,620 The next day, she was executed in front of around 10.000 people. 54 00:03:51,620 --> 00:03:53,419 She was 19 years old. 55 00:03:53,419 --> 00:03:58,780 Joanne lived a life full of mysticism and her death couldn't be any different. 56 00:03:58,780 --> 00:04:04,060 There is a legend that says her heart survived the fire with no damage. 57 00:04:04,060 --> 00:04:09,340 Some years later, Charles VII, having already won the war, asked for a revision of the trial 58 00:04:09,340 --> 00:04:12,240 and Joan was freed of all charges. 59 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:18,819 In 1920, she was declared a saint and patron saint of France by Benedict XV. 60 00:04:18,819 --> 00:04:23,500 The War of the Hundred Years was one of the longest and hardest conflicts in the history 61 00:04:23,500 --> 00:04:29,639 of humanity, and even though Joan didn't win the war, she did change things completely, 62 00:04:29,639 --> 00:04:49,310 in an almost-defeated France to start a counter-attack stronger than ever.