1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,680 The Spanish War of Independence, also known as the Peninsular War, was a 2 00:00:04,680 --> 00:00:09,760 significant conflict during the Napoleonic Wars. It lasted from 1808 to 3 00:00:09,760 --> 00:00:16,400 1814. After the war against Great Britain, Carlos IV, the Spanish king, 4 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:21,080 and his valido, Manuel Godoy, decided to create an alliance with France and 5 00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:27,200 Napoleon to combat England, their common enemy, together. By the Treaty of Fontainebleau, 6 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:32,680 Spain allowed French troops to pass through Spain to occupy Portugal, which 7 00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:39,960 was Great Britain's ally. In 1808, the Aranjuez Riot caused Godoy's resignation 8 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:45,040 and the king's abdication. The French forces took advantage of the situation 9 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:49,720 and occupied Spain as well, sending Carlos IV and his son, Fernando VII, 10 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:53,760 to Bayonne, France, where they gave up the Spanish crown to Napoleon's brother, 11 00:00:53,920 --> 00:00:59,080 José Bonaparte, who started doing reforms with the help of Spanish liberals called 12 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:07,960 afrancesados. Napoleon became Emperor of France in 1804. In Spain, Charles IV was 13 00:01:07,960 --> 00:01:13,400 more interesting in hunting than governing. His wife, Maria Luisa, and the 14 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:19,680 Secretary of State, Godoy, managed politician affairs. However, Godoy was 15 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:24,440 not well received at court, as he was rumored to have a romantic relationship 16 00:01:24,440 --> 00:01:30,800 with Queen Maria Luisa. The kings had a son named Ferdinand, which many wanted 17 00:01:30,800 --> 00:01:36,400 as a successor in order to remove the politician Godoy. He supported the Treaty 18 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:40,760 of Fontainebleau, where, after inviting Poltavar, the country would be divided 19 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:47,720 into three zones. In March 1808, the royal family, following the Godoy's advice, 20 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:52,880 tried to escape to Aranjuez to go into exile in the American colonies because 21 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:58,680 of popular discomfort. However, the people were not convinced and, on the 17th of 22 00:01:58,680 --> 00:02:04,080 March, the mutiny of Aranjuez was unleashed. This mutiny was aimed at 23 00:02:04,080 --> 00:02:08,760 removing Godoy and making Charles IV abdicate in favor of his son, 24 00:02:08,760 --> 00:02:14,800 Ferdinand, who would become Ferdinand VII. In May 1808, two months later, 25 00:02:14,920 --> 00:02:19,560 Napoleon made Ferdinand VII abdicate in favor of his father, Charles IV. 26 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:25,160 And then, Charles IV resigned in favor of Napoleon, who named his brother, 27 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:30,960 Joseph I, as king of Spain. This is known as the abdication of Pallon. 28 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:37,520 These changes caused internal division. On one side were the afrancesados, who 29 00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:42,760 supported Joseph I and supported liberal ideas. On the other hand, there 30 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:46,720 were the patriots, who opposed the French occupation and were characterized 31 00:02:46,720 --> 00:02:50,600 by a strong affection for their homeland and nationalism. 32 00:02:50,600 --> 00:02:57,160 Phases of the Spanish War of Independence. The 2nd of May 1808, the 33 00:02:57,160 --> 00:03:02,360 people of Madrid in arms, followed by the rest of the country, and thus started the 34 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:11,520 Spanish War of Independence. First stage, May to November 1808. Throughout the 35 00:03:11,520 --> 00:03:15,840 first stage of the war, Napoleon's Grand Army attempted to conquer the entire 36 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:22,040 peninsula. However, they were defeated at the Battle of Bailén. More than a portion 37 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:27,120 of his army died in Valencia and 200 fighters lost their lives. As a result, 38 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:32,880 the French fled to the Pyrenees. On the 2nd of November 1808, Napoleon arrived in 39 00:03:32,880 --> 00:03:38,200 Bayonne and had to reorganize his troops into two armies to conquer Spain and 40 00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:47,680 Portugal. Second stage, 1808 to 1811. As the war progressed, French domination 41 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:52,560 began. The Battle of Talavera and the Battle of Ocaña caused the defeat of 42 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:58,160 the Anglo-Spanish army. Napoleon saw this as an opportunity to begin 43 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:02,480 conquering Spain, causing the Junta Suprema Central to retreat first to 44 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:08,200 Seville, then to Cadiz. Third stage, in the final phase of the French Empire's 45 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:12,920 decline, the Spanish formed guerrilla forces, composed of former soldiers and 46 00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:17,360 peasants, alongside the Portuguese and British armies, successfully defeating 47 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:22,600 the French. Napoleon's subsequent major defeat in Europe marked the end of his 48 00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:29,040 dominance. In September 1812, the Cadiz Cortes was created, leading to the 49 00:04:29,040 --> 00:04:34,160 Spanish Constitution, la Pepa, which separated powers and asserted national 50 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:39,640 sovereignty. Napoleon withdrew his soldiers from Spain to focus on European 51 00:04:39,640 --> 00:04:46,080 wars. Outcomes of the Spanish War of Independence. As the Spaniards were 52 00:04:46,080 --> 00:04:51,200 fighting against the French, 1809, the Latin-Spanish people took the idea of 53 00:04:51,200 --> 00:04:55,600 becoming independent from Spain and started a series of battles that then 54 00:04:55,600 --> 00:05:00,960 started the Latin-Spanish War of Independence. When Napoleon is defeated 55 00:05:00,960 --> 00:05:05,280 in the Battle of Arapilis, and forced to retire his army from Spain to fight 56 00:05:05,280 --> 00:05:10,360 against other wars in Europe, Napoleon and Fernando VII signed the Treaty of 57 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:17,800 Barenquet 1813, offered the friendship and peace between them. After all the 58 00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:22,080 battles and destruction of villages and cities, Spain suffered another economic 59 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:26,200 crisis. There was a depression in agricultural production, which caused 60 00:05:26,200 --> 00:05:32,640 starving and even the death of many people. Fun facts. Number one, José I 61 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:38,960 was named Pepe de Botella because he drank too much wine. Number two, it's also 62 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:44,200 said that when he fled from Madrid, he left his crown behind, and some French 63 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:50,360 soldiers found it and used it for bowling. Number three, Manuel Rodoy was 64 00:05:50,360 --> 00:05:55,000 said to use a large quantity of perfume, and according to legend, during his arrest 65 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:59,600 in France, the soldiers that captured him complained about his cell always smelling 66 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:02,560 too much like loan.