1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000
Okay, is this our next stop?

2
00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Mariner's Museum. There has to be something on navigation here.

3
00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:13,000
Excuse me, are you with the NASA Road Rally?

4
00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:15,000
Yes, I am. Do you have your logbook with you?

5
00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:21,000
Oh, I sure do. Now, according to our instructions, we're supposed to learn something from you about early navigation.

6
00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:26,000
Well, here at the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Virginia, we tell the story of man's conquest of the seas.

7
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:32,000
When people set out to explore the oceans, they had to create a system of measurement to determine their location.

8
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:38,000
To determine the distance along north to south, the navigator had to determine the altitude of the sun.

9
00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:44,000
For instance, if the sun on the equator at noon is 90 degrees to the horizon, and if the sun at the north pole is 0 degrees,

10
00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:49,000
then the degrees in between note a ship's position. This is called latitude.

11
00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:54,000
To locate his east to west position, the navigator had to measure the difference between local times.

12
00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,000
For example, when the sun was at noon in different places.

13
00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:01,000
This is called longitude, and spring-driven clocks were a great boon to determining that position.

14
00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:06,000
Although the cross staff, the magnetic compass, and the spring-driven clock were high-tech for their day,

15
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:10,000
ancient mariners continued to navigate a lot by what we call dead reckoning.

16
00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:14,000
That is, by estimating their position travel from a previously determined position.

17
00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:18,000
Ah, I see you have one of those GPS contraptions. That's the way to navigate today.

18
00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:24,000
Captain, this has been very interesting, but you know, looking at my watch, I think we need to be shoving off.

19
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:25,000
So, do you have a clue for us?

20
00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:26,000
Well, I think I might.

21
00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:31,000
On your next stop, you're going to be studying how early aviators and today's pilots navigate their way through the skies.

22
00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:32,000
Now, I'm waiting with you!