1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:06,000
In Europe, the Leonardo da Vinci program is the pillar of lifelong training.

2
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:12,000
It aims to reach all European citizens interested in learning and being trained,

3
00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:17,000
from apprentices and students to employees, labourers or company managers.

4
00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:34,000
King's College Hospital in London, England.

5
00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:39,000
Kate and Rhiannon are completing in-service training in ultrasound medical physics.

6
00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:42,000
After university studies in medical engineering and biology,

7
00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:45,000
they chose to specialise in medical imaging.

8
00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:53,000
Christopher, on the other hand, is being trained in the psychiatric unit.

9
00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:58,000
A physicist by training, he's now specialising in magnetic resonance scanners.

10
00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:03,000
The three trainees can be found every day

11
00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:07,000
at the Medical Imaging Technology Training Centre at King's College London.

12
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:11,000
For seven years, the centre has coordinated a project

13
00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:16,000
which offers training in a profession often not well-known in the world of hospitals.

14
00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:21,000
Medical physics and medical engineering are a very important part of contemporary healthcare.

15
00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:24,000
There is a huge need of training in this field

16
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:29,000
and actually very few countries have training schemes

17
00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:32,000
in the field of medical imaging and medical technology.

18
00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:37,000
So our project, the previous project Emerald and now the project EMIT,

19
00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:43,000
concentrated on issues related to teaching people

20
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:49,000
how to use safely and effectively this extremely complex new technology.

21
00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:52,000
With financial support from the European Union,

22
00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:56,000
the Emerald EMIT project makes available to students and healthcare professionals

23
00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:00,000
the most complete European data bank on medical imaging technology.

24
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:07,000
CD-ROMs and a website provide access to courses offered in English and French.

25
00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:11,000
Students can now be trained in a very short time period of around four months,

26
00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:16,000
reaching a level sufficiently advanced to become competent in a practice with patients.

27
00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:20,000
I think it's very useful to use because obviously you've got all the images there,

28
00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:25,000
so you can compare what you're doing to what the images should be like

29
00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:29,000
and it's got all the theory and through the tasks it's quite a good way of learning

30
00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:33,000
because you're doing things practically rather than just, say, reading or learning theory.

31
00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:37,000
The materials we have prepared are unique.

32
00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:41,000
These are the first such materials in the world at the moment.

33
00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:46,000
But at the same time, being original, we have tried to make these materials

34
00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:49,000
not complex and easy to use.

35
00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:55,000
So one of the strengths of these materials is that according to our users and students

36
00:02:55,000 --> 00:03:01,000
there is almost no learning curve and everyone can start using them immediately.

37
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,000
Yeah, it's very straightforward because everything's set out and linked

38
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:08,000
so you can move around it quite easily.

39
00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:14,000
Well, it's the outcome of it, being able to help people who've possibly got disease

40
00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:18,000
see the differences in blood flow in the vessels

41
00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:23,000
and to learn about how all the imaging works without actually being invasive.

42
00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:29,000
The 6,000 images available enable students to learn to interpret without error

43
00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:33,000
data and cases they could encounter in their professional practice.

44
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:36,000
It provides a very useful structure.

45
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,000
And also things like I was talking about, the case-based tool.

46
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,000
Things like image artefacts.

47
00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:46,000
Unless you have 24-hour-a-day access to an MRI scanner,

48
00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:50,000
if you don't understand how an artefact, for example, will work in practice

49
00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:52,000
it's very useful to have a database.

50
00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,000
I don't understand why this happens.

51
00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:56,000
Oh, that's why it happens. This is what it's supposed to look like.

52
00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:59,000
It's very useful to have that database in the background.

53
00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:03,000
The students also have access to an electronic dictionary

54
00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:07,000
containing more than 25,000 medical physics terms in seven languages,

55
00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:10,000
soon to be available in Thai, Polish and Russian.

56
00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:14,000
Its use is now being extended to all medical technicians.

57
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:18,000
And now the materials produced by Emerald and by the EMIT project

58
00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:23,000
made a real boost of the medical physics and engineering profession

59
00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:26,000
not only in Europe but in the world as well.

60
00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:32,000
So in many places, EMIT is the only training material

61
00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:35,000
available to young medical physicists.

62
00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:40,000
The United Kingdom's partners in the project were France, Italy and Sweden

63
00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:44,000
in collaboration with professional organisations from 26 countries.

64
00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:49,000
The training programme is now being used in more than 65 countries across the globe

65
00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:52,000
in hospitals, schools and universities.

66
00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:57,000
We have very few clinical scientists, particularly in parts of Europe.

67
00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:59,000
There are very few indeed.

68
00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:04,000
In the UK, we have larger numbers.

69
00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:08,000
But we are under pressure to deliver a service to patients.

70
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:10,000
Of course, that's our raison d'etre.

71
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:13,000
This is about improving the quality of the training experience

72
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:18,000
and at the end of the day delivering a better trained clinical scientist

73
00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:21,000
either in this country or elsewhere in Europe.

74
00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:24,000
This project received support from the European Commission.

75
00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:28,000
It's an exemplary illustration of the qualities of the Leonardo da Vinci programme

76
00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:33,000
in the areas of information, communication and e-learning technologies.

77
00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,000
Genk, in Belgium.

78
00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:58,000
Eugene and Alts are employed by the European group Arcelor,

79
00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:01,000
the world's number one steel company.

80
00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:06,000
Nearly 6,000 people work for this group, specialising in the production of flat steel.

81
00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:10,000
As elsewhere around the world, engineers and sales managers

82
00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:14,000
are in regular contact with their foreign clients and suppliers.

83
00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:17,000
But how can a contract be negotiated and concluded

84
00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:21,000
when the parties come from sometimes vastly different cultures?

85
00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:26,000
The solution has been found at Limburg University Centre,

86
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:29,000
which developed LeomepMulti,

87
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:32,000
an intercultural communication training programme

88
00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:37,000
in partnership with Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Hungary and Poland.

89
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:41,000
The research has shown very clearly

90
00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:44,000
that the technical staff above all

91
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:49,000
had a lot of difficulty in their contact with interlocutors

92
00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:53,000
who spoke another language, who belonged to another culture.

93
00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:58,000
So they had a lot of contacts, even daily contacts,

94
00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:01,000
and that posed a lot of problems.

95
00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:07,000
Seventeen university and business partners participated in the project.

96
00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:10,000
A two-year preliminary survey of 700 technical managers

97
00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:13,000
was carried out in the seven partner countries

98
00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:16,000
to identify their needs and communication problems,

99
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:19,000
because nuance can make all the difference.

100
00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:24,000
Understanding nuances and expressing nuances

101
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,000
is something you can do very well in your mother tongue

102
00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:30,000
compared to an interlocutor who belongs to the same culture,

103
00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:34,000
but all this is interpreted in a completely different way

104
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:37,000
in a different language and in a different culture.

105
00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:41,000
So we also had to work on all this in the products we produced.

106
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:45,000
The result? A set of specific modules

107
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:48,000
contained in 18 tailor-made CD-ROMs

108
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,000
designed for semi-autonomous learning.

109
00:07:51,000 --> 00:07:54,000
Students can become familiar with the language and technical terms,

110
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,000
culture codes, use of personal pronouns

111
00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:01,000
and standard expressions of courtesy which facilitate negotiations.

112
00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:04,000
And they perform a number of self-correcting exercises.

113
00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:08,000
They can also consult documentation

114
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:11,000
on the cultural traditions of the countries concerned.

115
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,000
These training modules,

116
00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:18,000
which require basic knowledge of the language in question,

117
00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,000
are already a must for the steel company's managers.

118
00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:25,000
I would like to ask you a question.

119
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:30,000
Because you often come into contact with delicate situations,

120
00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:34,000
it is useful to know how to interpret

121
00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:36,000
certain cultural differences,

122
00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:39,000
how to best approach people,

123
00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:41,000
and then it can be useful.

124
00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:46,000
I also have regular contacts with French colleagues.

125
00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:52,000
And it is very interesting to be on the same wavelength,

126
00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:55,000
to talk about the same thing,

127
00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:57,000
and to achieve results.

128
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,000
Let's take the example of an Irishman.

129
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:04,000
When he negotiates, he is much more direct than the Frenchman.

130
00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:08,000
And this can be seen, for example, in a business dinner.

131
00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:13,000
The Frenchman goes to dinner with you to settle an affair,

132
00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:18,000
while the Flemishman wants to get to the bottom of it right away.

133
00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:20,000
He is much more direct.

134
00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:24,000
Seven languages, including Polish and Hungarian,

135
00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:27,000
can be studied using the Plurilingua modules.

136
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,000
Focusing on cultural differences,

137
00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:32,000
the modules help Flemish managers make a foreign language, French,

138
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:35,000
into an effective instrument of negotiation

139
00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:38,000
and enhance their professional performance.

140
00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:43,000
I think the students feel much more at ease.

141
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,000
Because, thanks to authentic documents, for example,

142
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,000
where you really have to live the situation,

143
00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:50,000
put yourself in someone's shoes.

144
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,000
Once they are in a real situation,

145
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,000
the transfer is no longer so great.

146
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:57,000
The passage from what they have learned to reality

147
00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,000
is very close, I would say.

148
00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:03,000
The European Commission's Leonardo da Vinci program

149
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:05,000
provided support for this training program,

150
00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:08,000
which shows how innovation and language learning

151
00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:12,000
can help improve the competitiveness of European firms.

152
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:28,000
We're in Graz, Austria.

153
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:31,000
It's difficult here, as anywhere else in Europe,

154
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:34,000
for the blind or visually impaired to find work.

155
00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:37,000
They often lack skills or have been training for trades

156
00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:39,000
for which there's little real demand,

157
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:41,000
such as basket-making,

158
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:44,000
and consequently suffer from very high unemployment.

159
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:46,000
And yet here at ISIS,

160
00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:49,000
occupational guidance is now much better adapted to the job market.

161
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,000
This information center advises and trains

162
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,000
the visually impaired in the new technologies.

163
00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,000
The basics of information technology

164
00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:59,000
have been taught here for some time.

165
00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:02,000
Memorization and integration of the space

166
00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:04,000
delimited by the computer screen

167
00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:07,000
are achieved through a painstaking effort of body perception.

168
00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:12,000
What is completely new, however,

169
00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:14,000
is the development by six European countries

170
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:17,000
of a training module in programming language

171
00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:19,000
for the blind or visually impaired.

172
00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:34,000
We tested the languages we found

173
00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:37,000
with the specific aids for blind people,

174
00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:40,000
checked their compatibility,

175
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:43,000
and as a result of these tests

176
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:45,000
developed a curriculum

177
00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:48,000
on how blind people can learn C++.

178
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,000
The blind or visually impaired

179
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,000
could use a programming language like this one.

180
00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:11,000
But that changed with PROBIQ.

181
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:13,000
Austria and its five partners,

182
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,000
Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy and Slovakia,

183
00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,000
created interactive modules.

184
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,000
A training period lasting around six months at ISIS

185
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:24,000
gives students sufficient knowledge of programming

186
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,000
to be able to work in small or medium-sized companies.

187
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:35,000
I am interested in further education

188
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:41,000
and I hope to have better opportunities in the job market.

189
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:50,000
At first, the students learn with simple programming,

190
00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:52,000
for instance, setting up icons

191
00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:54,000
to provide a function in a program.

192
00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:57,000
The strongest feature of this project, however,

193
00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:59,000
is that the trainer takes the very specific problems

194
00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,000
of the students into account.

195
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:35,000
It's great when the trainer repeats the same thing over and over again.

196
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:40,000
And he doesn't lose his patience.

197
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:45,000
I don't think the problem is the programming.

198
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,000
The programming side, that you don't set up blind people,

199
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,000
but rather the other way around,

200
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,000
that you're more afraid of setting up blind people

201
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:56,000
because you can't deal with the situation.

202
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:59,000
If you knew someone who was blind

203
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:03,000
and knew what was going on and what to look out for,

204
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:05,000
it wouldn't be a problem at all

205
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,000
to set up blind programmers.

206
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:09,000
Because in terms of the profession,

207
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,000
in terms of what you can do,

208
00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:15,000
it's the same as setting up a soul or a soul.

209
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,000
Training in the new technologies has proven its worth.

210
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,000
Martha and Joseph have been hired by the center

211
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:29,000
and now answer daily requests for information at the call center.

212
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:36,000
Alice has landed a project coordinator contract.

213
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,000
She's learned to train newcomers.

214
00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:42,000
Alice is convinced that visual impairment

215
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:45,000
can become a strong point for employers.

216
00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:58,000
Today, the program is used by a number of schools

217
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,000
and training centers across Europe.

218
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,000
And the CD-ROMs are available in several languages

219
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:05,000
to learn the programming trade.

220
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:09,000
But employers still have to be willing to play their part.

221
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,000
This effort received support

222
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,000
from the European Commission's Leonardo da Vinci program.

223
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,000
It demonstrates how the information technologies

224
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,000
are making an innovative contribution

225
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:40,000
to integrating people with specific needs into the labor market.