1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:12,939 hello friends welcome to new happy learning video today we're going to learn about our 2 00:00:12,939 --> 00:00:21,699 prehistory the first thing we need to know is that our prehistory is divided into three 3 00:00:21,699 --> 00:00:36,119 different periods Paleolithic Neolithic and the metal ages the Paleolithic begins with the 4 00:00:36,119 --> 00:00:44,159 appearance of the first human beings and ends 8,000 years before Christ during the 5 00:00:44,159 --> 00:00:48,500 Paleolithic period people were nomads meaning that they didn't live in one 6 00:00:48,500 --> 00:00:55,119 place no they were constantly on the move in search of animals to hunt as 7 00:00:55,119 --> 00:00:59,859 they were hunters and gatherers they needed to follow the animals in order to 8 00:00:59,859 --> 00:01:05,159 capture them and at the same time they collected wild fruits they found on 9 00:01:05,159 --> 00:01:14,870 their way they lived in tribes in small groups formed by families and they found 10 00:01:14,870 --> 00:01:20,069 refuge in caves where they would paint on the wall these paintings were done 11 00:01:20,069 --> 00:01:26,989 with a mixture of charcoal earth animal fat and water look here are a few 12 00:01:26,989 --> 00:01:32,750 examples the truth is it's absolutely fascinating to think that these first 13 00:01:32,750 --> 00:01:37,709 paintings these first artistic representations were drawn thousands of 14 00:01:37,709 --> 00:01:46,209 years ago, don't you think? Both Paleolithic men and women were animal skins which they 15 00:01:46,209 --> 00:01:54,590 had hunted previously, and they used tools such as an axe and spears made out of stones, 16 00:01:54,590 --> 00:02:04,769 wood and bones which they themselves carved. With the passing of time, or rather centuries, 17 00:02:04,769 --> 00:02:10,270 these first human beings became more and more intelligent and they began to domesticate 18 00:02:10,270 --> 00:02:17,990 animals such as dogs goats sheep and pigs they also began to cultivate plants 19 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:24,770 which were then eaten with the arrival of agriculture and farming everything 20 00:02:24,770 --> 00:02:30,590 changed man stopped being a nomad and became sedentary and the first villages 21 00:02:30,590 --> 00:02:37,409 were made this is when the Paleolithic period ends and the Neolithic begins the 22 00:02:37,409 --> 00:02:42,810 The Neolithic started 8 million years before Christ when we discovered agriculture and 23 00:02:42,810 --> 00:02:49,870 farming and it finished 5000 years BC with the beginning of the metal ages. 24 00:02:49,870 --> 00:02:55,189 Men and women in the Neolithic produced food by cultivating the land and domesticating 25 00:02:55,189 --> 00:02:56,409 animals. 26 00:02:56,409 --> 00:03:02,229 We can say that they were the first farmers and agriculturalists of our history, better 27 00:03:02,229 --> 00:03:04,229 yet our pre-history. 28 00:03:04,229 --> 00:03:10,509 As they had to look after their crops and animals, they constructed small villages and 29 00:03:10,509 --> 00:03:16,409 began to settle in them permanently, meaning that they transformed into sedentary, not 30 00:03:16,409 --> 00:03:20,370 like the Paleolithic, who were nomads because they were moving constantly. 31 00:03:21,569 --> 00:03:28,930 The first Neolithic settlements were situated in very fertile lands, near rivers, so they 32 00:03:28,930 --> 00:03:34,110 could access water easily needed for their crops as well as allowing their 33 00:03:34,110 --> 00:03:42,379 animals to drink you know how important water is in our life the first plants 34 00:03:42,379 --> 00:03:48,460 that were cultivated were cereals such as wheat or pulses like chickpeas but do 35 00:03:48,460 --> 00:03:56,319 you know which were the first animals to be domesticated well it was dogs sheep 36 00:03:56,319 --> 00:04:08,409 goats and pigs during the Neolithic era many interesting things were invented 37 00:04:08,409 --> 00:04:15,090 such as ceramic and fabric but the most important invention was the wheel 38 00:04:15,090 --> 00:04:21,790 everything became so easy for men and women in the Neolithic especially when 39 00:04:21,790 --> 00:04:26,769 they started using metals this is the point where the Neolithic ended and a 40 00:04:26,769 --> 00:04:36,529 A new era in prehistory commenced, the Metal Ages, which commenced approximately 6,500 41 00:04:36,529 --> 00:04:41,089 years BC and finished when the first written language was born. 42 00:04:41,089 --> 00:04:51,420 First metal which was used was copper, then bronze, which is a mixture of copper and tin, 43 00:04:51,420 --> 00:04:58,980 and finally iron, which is a much more abundant mineral and therefore easier to find in nature. 44 00:04:58,980 --> 00:05:07,420 In order to mold these metals, they were melted at extremely high temperatures and transformed 45 00:05:07,420 --> 00:05:09,500 into the desired shape. 46 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:14,939 This is how utensils like tools, weapons and decorations were made. 47 00:05:14,939 --> 00:05:18,660 This process is called metallurgy. 48 00:05:18,660 --> 00:05:22,860 Through metallurgy, crafts and trade began. 49 00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:29,319 The metallurgists were the first specialized craftsmen, as the metallurgy is a very complex 50 00:05:29,319 --> 00:05:34,540 and difficult task, which few knew how to do. 51 00:05:34,540 --> 00:05:41,899 The rise of Bulgarian production and the appearance of crafts caused bartering, that is the exchange 52 00:05:41,899 --> 00:05:44,420 of products. 53 00:05:44,420 --> 00:05:48,240 This is when trade began. 54 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:58,250 over time made some villages grow in size, turning into cities. This then created large 55 00:05:58,250 --> 00:06:04,810 commercial and cultural exchange between these new cities and new inventions, such as sailboats 56 00:06:04,810 --> 00:06:12,589 and wagons used to transport goods were made. Trade also changed society by creating social 57 00:06:12,589 --> 00:06:21,829 classes, the rich and the poor, the powerful and the slaves. During the metal ages, people 58 00:06:21,829 --> 00:06:27,009 People began questioning the mysteries of life as well as death and the first religious 59 00:06:27,009 --> 00:06:32,439 representations arose. 60 00:06:32,439 --> 00:06:38,480 Constructions called megaliths were created with large blocks of stone. 61 00:06:38,480 --> 00:06:42,860 Mega meaning large and liths stone. 62 00:06:42,860 --> 00:06:50,060 The simplest megalith was the menir, a large stone reverted vertically into the ground. 63 00:06:50,060 --> 00:06:55,160 were also constructed such as the ones we see in these images. 64 00:06:55,160 --> 00:07:01,819 The metal ages ended with the first written language about 4000 years ago and with this 65 00:07:01,819 --> 00:07:06,500 prehistory comes to an end but history commences! 66 00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:09,740 Did you find learning about prehistory interesting? 67 00:07:09,740 --> 00:07:13,759 Paleolithic, Neolithic and the metal ages? 68 00:07:13,759 --> 00:07:19,860 We definitely did because by getting to know our past we understand our present and make 69 00:07:19,860 --> 00:07:25,879 our future better! Goodbye friends, see you next time and don't forget to subscribe to 70 00:07:25,879 --> 00:07:27,740 Happy Learning TV!