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So let's talk about Aragon, the great king of Aragon was Alfonso I, remember Alfonso I, he was the one who defeated the Almoravids, he conquered again Zaragoza, we talked about it in the previous lessons, Alfonso I the battler, el batallador, he was the perfect knight for Aragon.

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he conquered against zaragoza but in the year 1035 alfonso the first died in what year

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in the year 1035 we are here class in the year 1035 he was killed he was killed alfonso the first

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Because when Alfonso I conquered Zaragoza against the Almoravids, he wanted to conquer more and more territories on the southern part of Aragon.

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And when he was conquering more territories on the southern part of Aragon, he was killed close to Daroka.

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Daroka. He was killed by the Muslims close to Daroka. It's not necessary the name of the village,

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but it's only to understand the lesson. And it caused, when he was killed, this situation

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caused many problems in Aragon, because Alfonso I didn't have an heir.

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He didn't have an heir and as a consequence there was a period of turmoil, confusion, chaos, chaos, turmoil, confusion, chaos, chaos in the year 1035 when he was killed.

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he didn't have an heir

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but Alfonso I

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had a brother

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he had a brother

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who was a monk

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was a monk

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he was living in a monastery

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I'm here

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so Alfonso I didn't have an heir

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but he had a monk

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he had a brother

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who was a monk

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I'm talking about

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his brother Ramiro

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ramiro was alfonso the first brother he was a monk he was living in a monastery

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and when the nobles nobles when the nobles in aragon knew that ramiro was in a monastery

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all these nobles went to the monastery

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to convince Alfonso I's brother, Ramiro, to be the new king.

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And what do you think?

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Did they convince him?

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No.

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Nothing.

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Yes.

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So they convinced him.

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It was true that Ramiro used to be a monk.

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But when all of these nobles from Aragon went to the monastery,

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They convinced him to leave their vows as a monk, para dejar los votos, to leave his vows as a monk, his vows as a monk, vows, votos, and Ramiro became the new king.

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Ramiro, he became Ramiro I. He became Ramiro I. From the year 1037, Ramiro became the new king in Aragon, Ramiro I.

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And Ramiro I carried on fighting against the Almoravids, against the Muslims, because they killed his own brother.

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but we really need to remember

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Ramiro, we need to remember

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Ramiro because he

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had a daughter

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he had a daughter, sorry for

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the name, but she was

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called Petronila

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so we need to

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remember

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Ramiro I

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because he has a daughter

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who was Petronila

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we have here in front of us

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the picture of

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Petronila from the kingdom of Aragon. And Petronila was really important in history class.

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Why? Because she got married to Ramón Berenguer. She got married to Ramón Berenguer. Who was Ramón

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Berenguer? Ramón Berenguer was the most important count in Catalonia. Ramón Berenguer IV

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It was the most important count in Barcelona, in the Catalan counties, and they got married

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each other.

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They got married each other in the year 1137.

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They got married in the year 1137.

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And when they got married, it was the moment when the great kingdom of Aragon was founded.

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It was the moment of the beginning of the great kingdom of Aragon. Why?

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Because Aragon and the Catalan counties joined together.

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Aragon and the Catalan counties joined together.

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both of them both territories here in this image we have the kingdom of aragon and the catalan

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counties and this is the moment when both kingdoms joined together because petronila joined her

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territories from aragon and ramon berenguer joined his territories from the catalan counties he was

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the Count in Barcelona, but he unified all of them and joined their territories to Aragon.

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So, this is the beginning of the Great Kingdom of Aragon. Aragon and Castile became the most

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important kingdoms at this moment from the 11th to the 13th century. So, class, what were the

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most important kingdoms from the 11th century up to the 13th century? Castile and Aragon, okay?

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Castile and Aragon became the most important kingdoms, and from that moment Aragon conquered

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and conquered more territories against the Muslims.

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They became more powerful, they had better armies, here we have the region of the Catalan

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counties, and Petronila Ramón Berenguer IV, as I said before, they conquered more and

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more territories against the muslims both of them both of them conquered lerida they conquered first

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lerida we are here they conquered first lerida and secondly from lerida from lerida they conquered

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the territory of Teruel. Teruel. It appears here. Teruel. So they were conquering more and more

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territories. Aragón became more powerful. They got more money. And what happened after that?

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What happened after that? What happened was the following. Petronila and Ramón Berenguer IV

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had a son they had a son was Jaime the first Jaime the first Jaime the first was really important in

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history why because he expanded the territory for Aragon he expanded the territory for Aragon even

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more than before. Who was Jaime I? Jaime I was the son of Petronila and Ramón Berenguer's son

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and he was really important to Marcos because he expanded the territory for Aragon. He expanded

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the territory for Aragon in the Mediterranean Sea. So Aragon had ships, they had really good sailors,

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sailors, marineros, and they travel and they conquer territories around the Mediterranean

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Sea, alongside the Mediterranean Sea.

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So for example, Jaime I was the one who conquered first Mallorca in 1229.

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He conquered Mallorca, we are here.

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He conquered Mallorca in the year 1229 with the help of the Catalans.

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The Catalans were the ones who helped Jaime I to conquer Mallorca.

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He came from here, from the Catalan counties.

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He had several battles against the Muslims because Mallorca was under the hands of the

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Muslims, first in Santa Ponsa, then in Portopi Hill, you travel to Mallorca by plane, you are

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going to see first the Portopi Hill and then the city of Mallorca is here, alongside the coast.

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So he had three different battles against the Muslims and finally Jaime I conquered Mallorca

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in the year 1229.

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And from Mallorca, Jaime I also conquered other territories.

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After Mallorca, Jaime I conquered other territories.

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The second one in importance was Valencia.

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Valencia in the year 1238.

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Jaime I, the one who conquered Mallorca first and then Valencia.

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He conquered Valencia with the help of the Aragonese people.

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So imagine, from Aragon he launched an expedition, he launched an expedition from Aragon and

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with the help of the Aragonese people he conquered Valencia in the year 1238, some years later

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on, Jaime I, really important in the history of Aragon.

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He founded the great kingdom of Aragon because since he conquered all of these territories,

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he got more revenues, more taxes, more money.

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He made an army.

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He built ships and Aragon took over many, many places alongside the Mediterranean Sea.

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So this is the moment when Jaime I from Aragon conquered Valencia in the year 1238 and that's

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why for example after Valencia they conquered also Alicante and as a consequence if you

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travel to Alicante you are going to see that people in Alicante in Valencia they are talking

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in Valencia but if you travel to Murcia you are going to see that they are going to speak

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in castilian why because murcia was conquered by by whom

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exactly because murcia was conquered by castile and by contrast alicante and valencia were

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conquered by arable that's the difference so jaime first the one who conquered palma

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palma de mallorca and after that valencia in the year 1238 but from valencia and palma

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jaime i controlled the western part of the mediterranean sea he conquered the balearic

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islands palma de mallorca valencia he conquered also the south of france the province and also

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sicily after mallorca and valencia jaime the first son conquered sicily in italy in the year 1302 and

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his grandson his son conquered sicily in italy and his grandson reached the territory in greece

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in grecia he conquered athens so it was incredible because the great kingdom of aragon managed

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to control alongside the mediterranean sea jaime first palma valencia first

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his son sicily in the year 1302 sicily and his grandson reached the territory of greece in

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Athens. So they controlled the whole territories alongside the Mediterranean Sea. So they got

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more taxes, more money. They made a huge army. And that's why the Kingdom of Aragon became

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the great Kingdom of Aragon. So this is the story of Aragon. Incredible. Did you know

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that aragon conquered greece athens and also some territories in italy

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in the 15th century they conquer up to naples napoles but you have to say only the most

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important territories from the 11th century up to the 13th century which were valencia

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palma sicily and athens okay now with this it's more than enough okay so let's talk now for a

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minute about navarra and with this we are going to finish the theory for today and we are going

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to correct several exercise let's talk about navarra are you ready to talk about navarra

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teacher one thing okay only one thing okay in the conquered territories in Athens were in 1302 or

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no later on later okay it was as you can see here the beginning of the 14th century they conquered

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the territories up to Athens. So, Navarra. Let's talk for a minute about Navarra. If you see Navarra,

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Navarra was in a strategic position because it was between the territories of Castile and Aragon.

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So, in the 13th century, both territories, Castile and Aragon, wanted to conquer Navarra

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Because Navarra was in a strategic position. So Navarra, the story of Navarra was very complicated because in the 13th century Castile and Aragon wanted to conquer Navarra, but they were not able to conquer Navarra.

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It was France. It was France, the kingdom of France, the ones who conquered Navarre. There was a family in France. It was the, this is only to know more, it was the Foix family. I wrote it down for you at the bottom.

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the Foix family from France, the ones who conquered Navarre.

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So I will say that Navarre in the 13th century was in a strategic position.

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Both kingdoms, Castile and Aragon, wanted to conquer Navarre.

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But finally, in the 13th century, Navarre belonged to France.

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This family, the Foix family, settled in Navarre.

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so we need to wait up to this year we need to wait up to this year up to 1512

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and this is the moment when the catholic kings isabella from castile and ferdinand from aragon

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conquered definitely Navarra for Castile okay this is the moment when Navarra

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joined to Castile and that's why Navarra is now part of Spain instead of being

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part of France it was this moment so in the 13th century you have to say

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that Navarra belonged to France, to the family. After that it was very very difficult the story

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in Navarra because some years it belonged to Castile, other years it belonged to Aragon,

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but definitely, definitely you must explain that in the year 1512 it was the moment, the definitive

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moment when Castile and Aragon conquered Navarra. That's why Navarra is now part

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of Spain, instead of being part of France. Okay?

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In what year did the Kingdom of Navarra conquer Aragon?

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No, I will say that in the 13th century Navarra belonged to France, and in the 14th century,

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I'm not going to ask this in the sum but if you want to explain it in the 14th century some years

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Navarra belonged to Castile other years to Aragon and finally finally in

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pay attention in the in the year 1512 it was the definitive moment when Navarra

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was conquered by Castile and Aragon because I didn't explain it but from the year I would

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say from the year 1492 a little bit before but in the year 1492 Castile and Aragon joined

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together but this is another story we will learn this on the following year

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okay so navarra in the 13th century castile another one wanted to conquer navarra but it

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belonged in the 13th century to france and in the 14th century some years to castile other years to

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Aragon and finally the Catholic kings conquered Navarre in the year 1512. You know for today