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In the second video, we are going to study the ordinary people. You know that the ordinary people is a group of people composed by slaves, composed by peasants, composed by bourgeoisie, okay?

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So what we see is the ordinary people, this layer of the social pyramid, this group of the social pyramid, is a heterogeneous group, because you can see that we have in the same group the bourgeoisie, that they are going to be rich, most of them are going to be rich, and we are going to have, along with them, in the same layer, we have the peasants, that they are going to be poor.

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basically all of them or most of them or the vast majority are going to be poor

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so if we find in this group in this layer in this social group the ordinary

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people rich and poor people is because we are going to classify the society

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based on this the privileges so the idea is the ordinary people are those people

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that they could be rich or poor it doesn't matter the important thing is

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that they have no privileges they are not part of the nobility and they are

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not part of the clergy so the ordinary people is a heterogeneous group because

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we have very different people but all of them they share one characteristic to

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not have privileges this social group the ordinary people is called in France

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third state and is called in Spain general state I I need to name these

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that they call the ordinary people in France third state because this third

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state is going to be really important it means these ordinary people this social

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group is going to be really important during the French Revolution that we are

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going to see in the next unit so that's it we are going to talk about the

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ordinary people that they are that is called in France third state so keep

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that in mind and remember they are not privileged, they have no privileges or

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they are not privileged. Again as the nobility and the clergy we are talking

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about an heterogeneous group as I said so it's heterogeneous we have rich and

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poor people but the important thing is all of them they do not have privileges

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so let's see this heterogeneous group can be classified in two main groups the

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people the ordinary people living in the rural areas and the ordinary people

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living in the cities and inside of the people living in the rural areas we can

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have two groups the first group is going to be the peasants that they are that

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they are not rich but they they they are called well-to-do farmers in Spanish

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would be agricultores acomodados it means they have a good life quality they have a good life

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quality but they are not exactly rich but for sure they are not poor okay so they have money enough

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okay in order to have a good life quality so let's talk about this minority that they are the

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well-to-do farmers. Well-to-do means acomodado, and acomodado means that you have money enough

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to have a good life, a good way of life, a good life quality, okay? So, inside the rural areas,

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I'm talking about the ordinary people. What we have is this minority. They are a few

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of well-to-do farmers. Why they are well-to-do farmers? Because they have money thanks to this

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a small piece of land that they own it means the this the land that they are working in

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it's its property okay it's their property so the idea is this minority of well-to-do farmers

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they have a small pieces of land in property okay they are the ownerships of these small pieces of

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land it means they are not working for a novel they are not paying to work in the

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in the land because the land they are working in okay belongs to them make

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sense so inside the ordinary people inside the rural areas what we find is

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this minority of what to do farmers and also this majority of poor peasants we

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are going to find this majority of poor peasants that they can work renting the

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lands it means working the land of a noble okay and paying for renting the

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land for working the land okay they do not own the land the land belongs to the

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noble and they are working this land okay and they pay for working this land

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in two ways they could have two options in order to pay or they pay to the

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novel with a percentage of the production of the land it means they

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produce I don't know a wheat okay so pass part of the production is going to

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be for the novel that the land belongs to okay and the other option is to pay

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using money okay in cash so what they are going to do is I'm going to pay you

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the Nobel okay a quantity of money in order to work the land okay the important

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thing is these well-to-do farmers okay along with these poor peasants that work

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the land renting the land they are free they can move they can leave the land

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they can go wherever they want however inside this majority of poor

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peasants we are going to find also those peasants that they are going to work the

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Lord's land so it means they are going to work the manorial lands it means they

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are going to work the lands of a feudal Lord and in this case okay they work

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this Lord's land okay but they cannot leave the lands they are not free so

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they are going to work in the lost land forever

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okay so you understand the difference between these social groups this these

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groups inside the ordinary people we have the well-to-do farmers that they

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have enough money they have money because they own the lands they are

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working in we have a majority of poor peasants that they could be free because

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they work the lands by renting them okay they do not they do not the last do not

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belong to the peasants these peasants but they pay for working them or they

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can be peasants poor peasants working the Lord's land it means they are

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working in a feudal land so that they are not free and also they are working

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the land this type of peasants they are working the Lord's land came from the

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medieval ages okay they are families that they are working this Lord lands

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for generations okay the other the other area okay well this is a painting or in

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the 19th century and what you are going to see is this two peasants that they

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are working the lands and they are resting now drinking a little bit of

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water okay in order to rest and continue working later the other the ordinary

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people could live in rural areas divided into these two groups or living in the

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cities in the urban areas so in the urban areas we are going to find three

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type of three groups okay of course most of the people that live in the cities

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These are part of the bourgeoisie or they are artisans, but also we are going to find

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a third group, un tercer grupo, and this third group is formed by poor people that they are

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going to be homeless people or beggars, beggars son mendigos and homeless vagabundos.

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They have no home and these ones are begging for money, begging for money.

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the idea is on the bottom of the social pyramid we are going to find these

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people but they are poor they have no money okay and they can be or homeless

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or beggars in order to be a homeless or a beggar there are two options or you

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were you or you had money in the past you used to have money you lost the

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money somehow we don't know how but they lose the money they lost the money

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somehow and now they are poor they are homeless and beggars okay or the other

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option is remember those peasants that they were working the feudal lands those

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that they were not free and they were working the lands forever they work the

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the lands of the feudal lord okay those they could try to run away it means

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escape from the feudal lands the the lands of the Lord and they are going to

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go to the cities in order to survive by begging money okay so it means poor

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poor peasants that they have no money okay that they are going to run away

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from the they are going to run away from the they are going to run away from the

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further lands and what they are going to do okay is to be free in the city but

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they are going to be poor too okay so the idea is they prefer to be poor and

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free rather than to be poor and to be a servant in the further lands that's the

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So in the bottom of the social pyramid in the cities we can find homeless people and beggars that they could be just poor people, they used to have money and they have no money, or they can be former peasants that came from the feudal lands in order to be free and in order to try to survive by begging money.

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The other group are going to be the intermediate layers, this intermediate layer is composed

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by artisans working in guilds, servants that they are going to be working in the houses

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of the nobles for example, like they are going to make the food or they are going to clean

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the house etc and also manual workers these manual workers are not going to

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produce products because the people that these producing the produce are the

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artisans they are going to be for example building the houses or repairing

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the houses or repairing the streets etc in the highest label these are artisans

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okay in the in their workshop and in the higher in the higher layer what we in

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this in the cities okay in the higher layer in the social pyramid of the cities

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we are going to find the bourgeoisie so the bourgeoisie are going to be a small

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merchants it means that they are trading but they have not that much money civil

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servants that they are going to be for example doctors they can be teachers

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etc businessman businessmen sorry and rich traders that they are going to

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beneficiary of that colonial trade it means that they are going to be rich due

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to this colonial trade the businessman and the rich traders are going to

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benefit from this colonial trade okay they are going to get the money from

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this colonial trade make sense so these are the social groups that they are

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going to compose these ordinary people as you can see is a heterogeneous social

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group these ordinary people that they are going to be divided in rural areas

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and cities and in the rural areas we have these well-to-do farmers with money

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and they own the lands and the poor peasants work in the lands of the noble

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In the other hand, what we have is people living in the cities, homeless and beggars

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that they have no money, the intermediate layer with the artists and servants and manual

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workers, and finally the rich bourgeoisie.

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So the last thing we need to see in this video is the rise of the bourgeoisie.

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In the 18th century we are going to see how the bourgeoisie is going to acquire political

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power.

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remember the bourgeoisie is part of the ordinary people but in the 18th century we are going to see

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how this bourgeoisie is going to acquire political power due to their economic power not all the

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countries are going to have a strong bourgeoisie means bourgeoisie with political power we are

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going to have Italy Great Britain or the Netherlands as European countries okay

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that they are going to have political power that they are going to rise they

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are going to go they are going to go up in the social pyramid so which are going

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to be the characteristics who are who is going to be this strong bourgeoisie or

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powerful bourgeoisie that control the cities. We are talking about bankers, it means people that

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control the bank. Liberal professions, that means what I said before, doctors, teachers, etc.

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Big merchants and producers that are those that they are controlling the colonial trade.

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So what we see is in the 18th century, we are going to have a powerful bourgeoisie in some countries

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Okay, they are going to be bankers. They are going to be big merchants, etc

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And if they are going to be powerful and they are going to have political power is

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Because these people

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started to bought

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titles of nobility

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It means they have that much money that they can pay the king in order to be part of the nobility

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So the idea is that they are going to buy these

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titles of nobility and pieces of land in order to try to go up in the social pyramid and

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some of them

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Basically in Italy, Great Britain and the Netherlands most of them are going to achieve this position

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they are going to acquire the same privileges as the nobility and the

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clergy okay so in the 18th century what we are going to see is how the bourgeoisie

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basically in these countries okay are going to be really powerful okay because

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they are going to be bankers etc and they are going to vote these titles of

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nobility in order to have these same privileges as the nobility and the

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clergy. Make sense? So that's the idea. We are going to have these bankers, you know,

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here are represented with the money and the accounts, writing the money invested

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in or obtained by a different business. So that's the idea. This rise of the

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bourgeoisie is going to take place in the 18th century. Why is it going to take

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place in these countries and not in Spain? Because in Spain the nobility and

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the clergy are going to have more power than the bourgeoisie okay because in

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Spain trade okay and bankers are going to be a few no there are not going to be

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that much or that many sorry bankers and merchants and producers but we are going

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to see that they are a few most of them most of the bankers and big merchants

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are going to be in Great Britain Italy and the Netherlands so that's why the

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these countries are going to have a strong a powerful bourgeoisie okay and

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this powerful bourgeoisie is going to be able to buy titles of nobility okay and

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lands in order to be part of the nobility okay to have the same

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privileges as the nobility and the clergy so that they are going to be not

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only the economic power but also the political power and you can say okay if

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this bourgeoisie is going to have privileges why the French Revolution is

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going to take place okay the thing is this process okay of buying titles of

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nobility is going to be stopped at the end of the 18th century and it's going

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to be stopped at the end of the 18th century because the king realized that if the nobility

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start to be privileged people they are not going to pay taxes so that the king is going to collect

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less money and less money so that the king is going to stop providing titles of nobility to

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bourgeoisie in that moment the bourgeoisie is going to say okay I cannot have the

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privileges I'm going to I'm going to keep paying the taxes okay that's it

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they are going to carry out the French Revolution or in America the revolution

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at the American Revolution with the 13 colonies it means the United States the

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formation of the United States okay any doubt you ask me in class