1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:17,800 Immigration has to be managed. 2 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:24,220 That means it is a necessity, not only a necessity but also a moral duty. 3 00:00:24,220 --> 00:00:28,880 Many of our fellow citizens from European countries have themselves or their parents 4 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:33,840 or grandparents known what it is to be an immigrant. 5 00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:40,020 Think of all the Italians who left for Canada or the United States with nothing more than 6 00:00:40,020 --> 00:00:43,880 a cardboard suitcase to seek their fortune. 7 00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:45,780 And many found it. 8 00:00:45,780 --> 00:00:53,160 And that was not two centuries ago, but more likely 60 or 70 years ago. 9 00:00:53,160 --> 00:00:58,520 We cannot forget that we Europeans were immigrants at the start of the 1900s. 10 00:00:58,520 --> 00:01:08,240 So how can we shut the doors today? 11 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:15,880 What people who turn to us as Europe are asking is, help us to take part in the cultural, 12 00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:21,640 economic and social life of the cities and regions where we live. 13 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:32,200 Help us to learn the language, the local language. 14 00:01:32,200 --> 00:01:37,680 Help us to feel like part of the community, not to be excluded. 15 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:45,960 Give us access to social services, the possibility of going to the hospital, like any other citizen 16 00:01:45,960 --> 00:01:48,160 of the same country. 17 00:01:48,160 --> 00:01:55,840 And then, give us the chance to protect our traditions, our history, our religion, our 18 00:01:55,840 --> 00:02:05,560 heritage. 19 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:14,520 I think we can convince people by saying very simply that every member of the European Union 20 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:20,640 has the authority, but also the right, to decide how many immigrants can enter every 21 00:02:20,640 --> 00:02:23,040 year. 22 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:27,400 That is not decided in Brussels. 23 00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:35,960 If 100,000 people are needed every year in Poland or Italy or Belgium for certain occupations, 24 00:02:35,960 --> 00:02:39,800 it is for the state to decide. 25 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:42,040 We are not the ones to decide. 26 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:47,760 But if these persons are being let in, it means they are needed. 27 00:02:47,760 --> 00:02:54,200 And if they are not there, then a company, a small or mid-sized company in Poland, Italy 28 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:59,480 or Belgium, will be shut down because it won't have workers, because it won't have sufficient 29 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:25,200 production to keep operating. 30 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:30,960 Europe cannot replace national integration policies. 31 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:34,160 It can encourage them and help them. 32 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:41,520 Obviously, at the same time, we have to increase available funding. 33 00:03:41,520 --> 00:03:49,640 And I have proposed the creation of a European integration fund that would take effect with 34 00:03:49,640 --> 00:03:51,720 the next community budget. 35 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:57,600 It will be the first European integration fund and obviously will depend on approval 36 00:03:57,600 --> 00:04:00,440 of the financial perspectives. 37 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:16,440 I also think the member states have a large measure of responsibility in these matters. 38 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:24,240 The communication on integration also points out the need for a permanent structure, a 39 00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:30,560 forum at European level, where all the main actors in the integration strategy can be 40 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:41,840 present permanently and work together. 41 00:04:41,840 --> 00:04:51,560 I think that our policy, the policy I want to propose, has to be a policy based on listening. 42 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:55,080 It cannot be a top-down policy. 43 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:57,760 It has to be a bottom-up policy. 44 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:16,960 So this forum will be a place for permanent consultation, where ideas can be generated. 45 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:21,360 Berlin, the capital of Germany and the meeting point of East and West, is the country's biggest 46 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:24,040 city with more than 3 million inhabitants. 47 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:28,320 As a result of international mobility and migration, diversity has long been a reality 48 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:31,640 in German society and schools. 49 00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:36,560 Marina Kadner supervised a competition between schools called Integration at School. 50 00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:40,560 Its aim was to identify the best projects for the integration of immigrant children, 51 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:44,640 to encourage their implementation and to disseminate the results throughout Europe. 52 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:46,920 All these projects have one thing in common. 53 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:50,120 Real integration first and foremost has to be multilingual. 54 00:05:50,120 --> 00:05:53,400 The overall challenge is the same in all these countries. 55 00:05:53,400 --> 00:06:00,880 One generation children who were born in Germany still have a handicap when it comes 56 00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:08,960 to the German language and language is something that's the basis of any education. 57 00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:12,920 Here's one of the winners of the competition, Heinrich Zille Grundschule. 58 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:17,640 We're in Kreuzberg, one of the districts of Berlin, with a high immigrant population. 59 00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:21,840 Teachers have up to 50% immigrant children in their classes and try to help the pupils 60 00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:26,640 adapt to having two cultures, to switching between the culture of origin and the host 61 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:27,640 culture. 62 00:06:27,640 --> 00:06:33,040 This objective is reinforced using an innovative tool, a passport that tracks the child's academic 63 00:06:33,040 --> 00:06:35,440 progress and social conduct. 64 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:40,360 It contains an assessment of the child's adjustment to school, willingness to accept responsibility, 65 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:45,600 respect for rules, emotional reactions to others or ability to work with others. 66 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:50,500 The passport is used for all pupils and determines in large measure the child's success or failure 67 00:06:50,500 --> 00:06:51,940 for the year. 68 00:06:51,940 --> 00:06:55,660 But regardless of the culture of origin, there's little chance of producing results if the 69 00:06:55,660 --> 00:06:59,860 child alone is involved in the effort without his or her parents. 70 00:06:59,860 --> 00:07:02,540 That's what led to the creation of the Parents Café. 71 00:07:02,540 --> 00:07:06,980 The idea is simple but innovative, to get pupils' parents involved in the school's day-to-day 72 00:07:06,980 --> 00:07:11,780 activities, to integrate them by giving them an active role which creates closer ties with 73 00:07:11,780 --> 00:07:17,180 the institution. 74 00:07:17,180 --> 00:07:20,900 Muslum Bostanci is a Turkish-born educator and mediator. 75 00:07:20,900 --> 00:07:24,020 He works for an agency specialised in academic development. 76 00:07:24,020 --> 00:07:30,940 In his view, this discussion forum helps individuals release tensions and cope with conflicts. 77 00:07:30,940 --> 00:07:36,260 Thanks to our discussions, this fear of alienation ends up disappearing. 78 00:07:36,260 --> 00:07:41,060 As a result, no one wants to take their children out of the school. 79 00:07:41,060 --> 00:07:45,340 We are here to shape their personality. 80 00:07:45,340 --> 00:07:49,020 A siren wails in the theatre at Erika Mann School in Berlin. 81 00:07:49,020 --> 00:07:53,580 The group has taken shape and the acting work begins, with a precise goal, a show in which 82 00:07:53,580 --> 00:07:56,500 each player has to accept an assigned role. 83 00:07:56,500 --> 00:08:01,340 The actress directing the class announces the subject, Immigration, Exile, the fictionalised 84 00:08:01,340 --> 00:08:05,540 history of the founder of the institute, Erika Mann, who was forced into exile in the United 85 00:08:05,540 --> 00:08:09,020 States in the late 1930s by the Nazis. 86 00:08:09,020 --> 00:08:14,820 The weekly workshop brings together pupils aged 12 to 15, 80% of whom are not German-born 87 00:08:14,820 --> 00:08:17,780 and are often from less favoured backgrounds. 88 00:08:17,780 --> 00:08:21,660 Theatre as a tool of integration and language learning has been part of the educational 89 00:08:21,660 --> 00:08:23,660 programme here for a number of years. 90 00:08:23,660 --> 00:08:24,660 I come from France. 91 00:08:24,660 --> 00:08:25,660 My parents send me to America because they are very afraid. 92 00:08:25,660 --> 00:08:26,660 It is war. 93 00:08:26,660 --> 00:08:44,700 This afternoon, the school director is working with her troops on an important value, solidarity, 94 00:08:44,700 --> 00:08:46,660 based on a sponsored foot race. 95 00:08:46,660 --> 00:08:48,420 Pupils are not lacking in motivation. 96 00:08:48,420 --> 00:08:52,460 The race gives them a unique opportunity to measure up to other runners, to participate 97 00:08:52,460 --> 00:08:56,340 in an enjoyable event, push themselves to their physical and mental limits and maybe 98 00:08:56,340 --> 00:09:02,140 even to discover how they fit in at school. 99 00:09:02,140 --> 00:09:08,220 We have to find a universal language, whether sport, music or the arts, so that pupils who 100 00:09:08,220 --> 00:09:13,700 may not be up to level in maths, English or history can use this physical activity to 101 00:09:13,700 --> 00:09:19,900 be part of the school family, whatever happens. 102 00:09:19,900 --> 00:09:23,860 Where integration has become part and parcel of a school's educational tools, impressive 103 00:09:23,860 --> 00:09:27,140 results have been achieved, even if they can't be quantified immediately. 104 00:09:43,700 --> 00:09:51,300 How can dialogue be established between individuals of different denominations? 105 00:09:51,300 --> 00:09:55,620 How can the coexistence of different secular and religious systems be encouraged? 106 00:09:55,620 --> 00:09:57,860 Andrea Marchesini has an answer. 107 00:09:57,860 --> 00:10:00,700 Comic strips. 108 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:04,820 In Bologna, comic strips are said to have the power to get even those who've never read 109 00:10:04,820 --> 00:10:07,700 not only to read, but also to react. 110 00:10:07,700 --> 00:10:12,540 Based on that observation, the Laemomo cooperative set up the Common Values Project, the idea 111 00:10:12,540 --> 00:10:24,260 being to develop comic strips on themes such as non-violence, tolerance and discrimination. 112 00:10:24,260 --> 00:10:28,220 It all started with the research of a scientific committee. 113 00:10:28,220 --> 00:10:33,860 We then recruited a group of writers and artists, which resulted in the production of five comic 114 00:10:33,860 --> 00:10:38,900 strips that were translated into the three languages of our partners, French, Italian 115 00:10:38,900 --> 00:10:40,660 and Spanish. 116 00:10:40,660 --> 00:10:44,780 It seems vital to us for young people to be brought face-to-face with the common values 117 00:10:44,780 --> 00:10:54,460 that exist in different religious or secular thought systems. 118 00:10:54,460 --> 00:10:59,980 A partner in this successful project is the Paris-based L'Afrique Dessinée workshop. 119 00:10:59,980 --> 00:11:04,820 Christophe Ndimo adapted short stories into comic strip scenarios and supervised the work 120 00:11:04,820 --> 00:11:06,700 of the African artists. 121 00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:10,380 One of the challenges of the project was to come up with a discourse appropriate to the 122 00:11:10,380 --> 00:11:16,820 reality of the younger generations. 123 00:11:16,820 --> 00:11:22,620 You have to work from what they know, and sometimes they know very little. 124 00:11:22,620 --> 00:11:27,820 Young people aged 12 to 16 are not really well informed on issues of Catholicism or 125 00:11:27,820 --> 00:11:29,660 Islam. 126 00:11:29,660 --> 00:11:34,820 That's not exactly their thing. 127 00:11:34,820 --> 00:11:39,540 The message sometimes gets across better through the adventures of Ranji, a character drawn 128 00:11:39,540 --> 00:11:48,340 by Fifi Mukuna, and who promotes love, courage and tolerance. 129 00:11:48,340 --> 00:11:50,140 People here in the North are not very outgoing. 130 00:11:50,140 --> 00:11:52,500 They don't make an effort to get to know others. 131 00:11:52,500 --> 00:11:55,660 They don't take the first step very readily. 132 00:11:55,660 --> 00:12:00,020 That's one of the things this comic strip explains, to get to know others and to respect 133 00:12:00,020 --> 00:12:01,300 their religion. 134 00:12:01,300 --> 00:12:05,740 Maybe that way, someday, we can even learn to understand each other. 135 00:12:05,740 --> 00:12:10,140 The contribution of Ivorian Titi Faustin deals with another culture shock. 136 00:12:10,140 --> 00:12:15,340 It's playful in spirit, but never insipid. 137 00:12:15,340 --> 00:12:17,700 The title is Restraint. 138 00:12:17,700 --> 00:12:20,940 The story was developed with Christophe. 139 00:12:20,940 --> 00:12:24,820 The heroine is Jasmina, a Muslim. 140 00:12:24,820 --> 00:12:29,100 The second character is Christophe, who is more or less a Christian. 141 00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:35,440 They play the role of ironing out tensions between the religions. 142 00:12:35,440 --> 00:12:38,000 The last stage of the Common Values project. 143 00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:40,360 The initiative is taken into schools. 144 00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:44,440 We're in Bologna at the Augusto Rigi Scientific Secondary School. 145 00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:48,780 The project is not particularly scientific, but it helps promote give and take and encourage 146 00:12:48,780 --> 00:12:50,520 awareness and discussion. 147 00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:59,400 On the agenda, distribution of the comic strips and a debate with the pupils. 148 00:12:59,400 --> 00:13:06,360 What's happening today in Iraq and in the Middle East seems to show that religion can 149 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:11,160 be the source of a lot of problems. 150 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:19,200 Sometimes they even block all communication. 151 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:22,640 Then there's the real-life test of the relevance of the teacher's guide. 152 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:30,840 This can be seen as the heart of the project steered by Sandra Federici. 153 00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:35,080 Each story is accompanied by a commentary focusing on the common values that are the 154 00:13:35,080 --> 00:13:37,600 subject of the comic strip. 155 00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:42,720 If the comic strip alludes to a passage from the Bible or the Koran, the guide reproduces 156 00:13:42,720 --> 00:13:53,200 the quotation and explains to the teacher how to use it to get a debate going. 157 00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:57,280 In a few months, the five comic strips will be part of the baggage of thousands of student 158 00:13:57,280 --> 00:13:58,280 readers. 159 00:13:58,280 --> 00:14:02,320 At that point, the effects of these activities will have to be checked to see whether Common 160 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:05,960 Values can be more than an example, whether it brings about results. 161 00:14:12,720 --> 00:14:19,760 There's nothing ordinary in his background. 162 00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:24,200 Pierre Chibanda fled the Congo in 1995 to escape ethnic cleansing. 163 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:26,960 Since then, he's invented a new life for himself in Europe. 164 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:27,960 He's now an artist. 165 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:31,920 But while the actor and psychologist have taken precedence over the refugee, the man 166 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:37,280 remains alone on stage without the slightest set or contrivance. 167 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:38,960 There are two things when you perform. 168 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:40,920 It's like a gift. 169 00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:43,320 There's the wrapping and the content. 170 00:14:43,320 --> 00:14:45,200 The show is the content. 171 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:49,400 The special effects and all the rest, that's the wrapping. 172 00:14:49,400 --> 00:14:54,000 It was ten years ago that the writer found political and artistic asylum in Belgium. 173 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:59,040 Ten years of experiences, joys and frustrations that he shares in a weekly radio show broadcast 174 00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:01,360 for French-speaking Africa. 175 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:05,040 The show gives him the opportunity to talk to those who stayed back in the home country 176 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:10,260 about love, life and education, and to adapt to Western society without totally renouncing 177 00:15:10,260 --> 00:15:16,180 his culture of origin. 178 00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:20,500 However long a tree trunk may stay in the water, it will never become a crocodile. 179 00:15:20,500 --> 00:15:24,420 There are things to which I can adapt in Europe, but there are certain African values I will 180 00:15:24,420 --> 00:15:32,300 continue to cling to, like the sense of family, the couple, the role of children and so on. 181 00:15:32,300 --> 00:15:39,140 Those are the values I want to keep because I don't think all change is necessarily positive. 182 00:15:39,140 --> 00:15:43,540 In the lines of his monologue, Pierre Chibanda puts Africa, Europe and their cultural differences 183 00:15:43,540 --> 00:15:45,140 side by side. 184 00:15:45,140 --> 00:15:49,340 The story of the hardships he experienced as an asylum seeker helps young people to 185 00:15:49,340 --> 00:15:55,420 understand that a plane ticket and goodwill are not enough. 186 00:15:55,420 --> 00:15:59,620 Under international law, you can go where you want, but the countries are not obliged 187 00:15:59,620 --> 00:16:02,020 to take you. 188 00:16:02,020 --> 00:16:06,540 There's a proverb in my country that says, when you go abroad, don't be the first to 189 00:16:06,540 --> 00:16:07,540 dance. 190 00:16:07,540 --> 00:16:10,940 Watch the others before you take your turn. 191 00:16:10,940 --> 00:16:13,220 I've been among you for 10 years. 192 00:16:13,220 --> 00:16:17,420 I've watched you dance, and now I want to dance with you. 193 00:16:17,420 --> 00:16:18,420 Let's all sing together. 194 00:16:18,420 --> 00:16:41,020 It's not difficult. 195 00:16:41,020 --> 00:16:45,220 At the end of the performance, everyone leaves with questions in their mind, almost as though 196 00:16:45,220 --> 00:16:48,860 Western society's kindly attitude towards Africa had changed. 197 00:16:48,860 --> 00:16:54,180 Pierre sees that as a sign of openness, modernity, emancipation, but the difference of cultures 198 00:16:54,180 --> 00:17:02,540 is a daily struggle. 199 00:17:02,540 --> 00:17:06,780 My struggle is to tell Europeans, I have something to give you too. 200 00:17:06,780 --> 00:17:11,780 I don't think it's necessary to simply stand aside, to stay in the background. 201 00:17:11,780 --> 00:17:15,820 I'm someone who comes forward and who seeks a confrontation, at the risk of being taken 202 00:17:15,820 --> 00:17:18,180 for a madman. 203 00:17:18,180 --> 00:17:19,860 Mad maybe, but does it really matter? 204 00:17:19,860 --> 00:17:24,620 Pierre Chibanda is a real phenomenon and may even be better integrated than some Europeans. 205 00:17:24,620 --> 00:17:40,180 He's become a media concept in his own right, serving the cause of integration. 206 00:17:40,180 --> 00:17:44,260 For Béa Diallo, sport has no color, but it gives responsibilities to those who choose 207 00:17:44,260 --> 00:17:45,900 it as their occupation. 208 00:17:45,900 --> 00:17:50,220 It's in the ring that this adopted Brussels native chooses to take up the gauntlet. 209 00:17:50,220 --> 00:17:53,800 Sports personalities and artists, as well as young people and fans, take their turn 210 00:17:53,800 --> 00:18:00,820 in the ring, contributing to the fundraiser by making a donation to challenge Béa Diallo. 211 00:18:00,820 --> 00:18:06,140 Often when a catastrophe occurs, everyone mobilizes at the time and then quickly forgets. 212 00:18:06,140 --> 00:18:10,380 For me, the most symbolic example was the case of the two young Guineans, the Aguine 213 00:18:10,380 --> 00:18:14,140 and Fodé, who died in the landing gear of a Sabina plane. 214 00:18:14,140 --> 00:18:18,700 They left a sort of testament for me, a message. 215 00:18:18,700 --> 00:18:23,020 The politicians were also present, with a handful of representatives taking to the ring. 216 00:18:23,020 --> 00:18:26,700 It's a fact that this was an ideal occasion to challenge the former boxing champion and 217 00:18:26,700 --> 00:18:31,340 Member of Parliament on his own ground. 218 00:18:31,340 --> 00:18:35,580 Several top-ranking women politicians even got involved in the event, including Deputy 219 00:18:35,620 --> 00:18:40,620 Prime Minister Lorette Onkelix, who described her version of political integration. 220 00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:48,740 All parties now want, and this is a good thing, to project the image that they're completely 221 00:18:48,740 --> 00:18:53,780 open to women, minorities and majorities of all origins. 222 00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:57,100 And I think that image is no longer the exception. 223 00:18:57,100 --> 00:19:01,260 But there is still quite a way to go. 224 00:19:01,260 --> 00:19:04,940 In the school's Institut de la Providence, around 500 young people go to this technical 225 00:19:04,940 --> 00:19:06,380 and vocational school. 226 00:19:06,380 --> 00:19:10,740 Some 30 nationalities are represented, with a large majority of North Africans. 227 00:19:10,740 --> 00:19:13,340 Most of the parents are socially excluded or unemployed. 228 00:19:13,340 --> 00:19:15,780 In short, the pupils' prospects are bleak. 229 00:19:15,780 --> 00:19:19,300 Once a month, Béa Diallo takes the time to sit down and talk to these young people. 230 00:19:19,300 --> 00:19:23,120 With his African origins and Muslim religion, all the different communities are willing 231 00:19:23,120 --> 00:19:24,300 to listen to him.