1 00:00:03,629 --> 00:00:07,450 Ancient history in the Iberian Peninsula 2 00:00:07,450 --> 00:00:16,530 When did the ancient history start? 3 00:00:18,170 --> 00:00:25,969 Ancient history started when writing was invented in about 3500 BC. 4 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,119 Who lived in the Iberian Peninsula? 5 00:00:39,119 --> 00:00:50,600 Since prehistory, Celts, Iberians, Celtiberians and Basques lived in the Iberian Peninsula. 6 00:00:51,380 --> 00:01:03,359 From the 10th century BC, Greeks, Phoenicians and Carthaginians came to the Iberian Peninsula looking for metals. 7 00:01:08,959 --> 00:01:11,319 Where did the Phoenicians come from? 8 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:18,099 They came from Asia and established colonies in the southern coast. 9 00:01:20,359 --> 00:01:32,519 Abdera, Adra, Sexi, Almunenka, Malacca, Malaga and Kades, Kadith were Phoenician cities. 10 00:01:38,500 --> 00:01:40,040 Where did the Greeks come from? 11 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:43,480 The Greeks came from Greece. 12 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:49,260 They established colonies on the north-eastern coast of the peninsula. 13 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:57,459 Rhodes, Rhodas and Emporion and Pyrrhas were Greek cities. 14 00:02:04,900 --> 00:02:07,340 Where did the Carthaginians come from? 15 00:02:08,099 --> 00:02:12,479 The Carthaginians came from Carthage in the north of Africa. 16 00:02:13,419 --> 00:02:15,819 They were warriors and traders. 17 00:02:15,819 --> 00:02:22,120 They established colonies on the north-eastern coast and the Balearic Islands. 18 00:02:23,180 --> 00:02:31,020 Carthago-Notha, Cartagena and Ibisus-Ibiza were Carthaginian colonies. 19 00:02:36,159 --> 00:02:38,520 What did those civilisations bring? 20 00:02:39,580 --> 00:02:46,360 The Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians changed how people lived in the Iberian Peninsula. 21 00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:53,360 They introduced new products such as wine and olive oil. 22 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:56,360 They introduced writing. 23 00:02:56,360 --> 00:03:02,360 They introduced the use of coins for trade. 24 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:08,360 They made sculptures and buildings that we can see nowadays. 25 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:26,639 carthago nova carthagena phoenician coin emporian empyrean writing 26 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:37,840 why did the romans come romans were another important civilization in ancient history who lived in the italian peninsula 27 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:44,939 The Carthaginians were their rivals. They both wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea. 28 00:03:46,020 --> 00:03:56,960 In 219 BC, a Carthaginian general called Hannibal attacked the city of Saguntum in Valencia. 29 00:03:58,259 --> 00:04:01,199 There was a siege that lasted for months. 30 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:07,659 Then Hannibal crossed the Alps on the elephants and attacked the Romans. 31 00:04:07,840 --> 00:04:17,540 In 218 BC, the Romans came to the Iberian Peninsula and defeated the Carthaginians. 32 00:04:18,980 --> 00:04:25,620 After that, the Romans stayed in the Iberian Peninsula and started to conquer the territory. 33 00:04:33,620 --> 00:04:35,259 Who was Mereuthus? 34 00:04:35,259 --> 00:04:48,379 The Romans came to the Iberian Peninsula in 218 BC, but it took them almost 200 years to control all the peninsula. 35 00:04:49,379 --> 00:04:53,500 Why? Because the Caltiberians fought against them. 36 00:04:54,699 --> 00:05:04,040 Bereaphus, Bereato in Spanish, was the leader of the Lusitanian tribes who lived in the west of the peninsula. 37 00:05:05,259 --> 00:05:20,680 he fought against the romans and won some victories in one hundred and thirty nine b c he was killed by three of his companions who wanted to get a reward from the romans 38 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:40,589 however when the three returned to receive their money the roman consul ordered their execution declaring rome does not pay traitors 39 00:05:40,589 --> 00:05:42,949 What happened in Numantia? 40 00:05:44,529 --> 00:05:52,629 Numantia was a Chelsibrian city that fought against the Romans. 41 00:05:53,689 --> 00:06:02,110 The Roman general Scipio Amelianus conquered Numantia in 134 BC. 42 00:06:03,170 --> 00:06:04,170 There was a siege. 43 00:06:05,269 --> 00:06:08,750 The Numantians chose to die instead of surrender. 44 00:06:08,750 --> 00:06:20,009 The Roman conquest ended in 19 BC, where the Romans controlled all the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. 45 00:06:25,079 --> 00:06:26,819 What is Romanisation? 46 00:06:27,860 --> 00:06:32,759 The Romans changed the way that people lived in the Iberian Peninsula. 47 00:06:33,819 --> 00:06:37,259 These changes are called Romanisation. 48 00:06:37,259 --> 00:06:43,850 The Romans called the Iberian Peninsula Hispania. 49 00:06:44,509 --> 00:06:47,870 They divided the territory into provinces. 50 00:06:48,949 --> 00:06:51,709 They introduced their language, Latin. 51 00:06:52,850 --> 00:06:54,610 Spanish comes from Latin. 52 00:06:55,149 --> 00:06:57,149 They introduced Roman law. 53 00:06:58,149 --> 00:07:08,850 They built roads, bridges, aqueducts and cities with different types of buildings, temples, theatres, etc. 54 00:07:10,410 --> 00:07:12,089 They introduced schools. 55 00:07:12,089 --> 00:07:14,850 They introduced schools. 56 00:07:15,730 --> 00:07:20,670 If you went to a Roman school, you could become an important figure in Rome. 57 00:07:21,970 --> 00:07:27,810 Seneca was born in Hispania, but he became an important Roman thinker. 58 00:07:32,899 --> 00:07:35,259 When did the ancient history finish? 59 00:07:36,180 --> 00:07:44,379 The ancient history finished when the Roman Empire fell in 476 AD. 60 00:07:44,379 --> 00:07:48,439 after many years of the barbarians' attacks. 61 00:07:55,730 --> 00:07:59,350 Ancient history lasted for 4,000 years, 62 00:08:00,350 --> 00:08:05,290 since 3,500 BC when writing was invented 63 00:08:05,290 --> 00:08:11,610 to 476 AD when the Roman Empire fell. 64 00:08:12,889 --> 00:08:18,290 At the beginning, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by Celts, 65 00:08:18,290 --> 00:08:28,769 Iberians and Caltabrians. Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians had their colonies in the 66 00:08:28,769 --> 00:08:38,590 peninsula. Phoenicians came from Asia. They founded Adra, Almunica, Malaga and Cadiz. 67 00:08:38,590 --> 00:08:40,909 They brought the alphabet. 68 00:08:42,970 --> 00:08:44,509 Greeks came from Greece. 69 00:08:45,330 --> 00:08:48,870 They founded Rosas and Ampurias. 70 00:08:49,669 --> 00:08:52,970 They brought olive oil, wine and pottery. 71 00:08:55,220 --> 00:08:57,539 Carthaginians came from Africa. 72 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:00,139 They were warriors and traders. 73 00:09:01,259 --> 00:09:05,639 Their colonies were Carthaginia and Ibiza. 74 00:09:05,639 --> 00:09:13,940 Hannibal attacked Saguntum and after that crossed the Alps on the elephants to attack the Romans. 75 00:09:16,909 --> 00:09:26,049 The Romans came to fight against the Carthaginians in 218 BC and they stayed to conquer the Iberian Peninsula. 76 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:33,779 Beryathus was a Celtibrian who fought against the Romans. 77 00:09:33,779 --> 00:09:37,460 He was killed in 139 BC. 78 00:09:37,460 --> 00:09:46,000 Numantia was a Celtibrian city attacked by the Romans in 134 BC. 79 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:53,950 In 19 BC, the Romans ended conquering the Iberian Peninsula. 80 00:09:55,789 --> 00:10:07,889 They made changes called Romanisation, Latin, laws, provinces, roads, bridges, buildings, cities, schools, etc. 81 00:10:08,830 --> 00:10:17,250 The barbarians defeated the Romans and the Roman Empire fell in 476 AD.