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Good morning! How are you? Today we're going to learn the last new thing you're going to learn

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in this course about grammar, which is modal verbs. Modal verbs are special verbs that we

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use to express possibility, prohibition, obligation and more things. We need another verb after the

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modal to complete a sentence. You're going to see the examples, it's quite easy and you know

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some of them. These verbs are a bit special. They are called defective, as if they had

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defects, but in reality they are easier than the other verbs, because they don't have the

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s in the third person singular, in the present simple. Do you remember I told you lots of

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times we need to put the s for the he, she, it in the present simple? Well, these verbs

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don't need to use it. They mustn't use it. Then, they don't have the preposition to

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and the infinitive and they don't have a continuous form with the i and g okay we're going to see the

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examples and you you're going to see it okay this is the list of the modal verbs that you have in

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your book okay there are a couple more i think there's only one more would but for today it's

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fine if you learn this this first one you know it can and could we use it for to express ability

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things that you know how to do and also for requests and possibility we're going

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to see some examples okay as you know both can I can play I can jump I can

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speak English we don't use the s in the third person singular we don't see he

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can't oh that's horrible okay we say he can't speak English he can't play the

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piano she can play basketball okay they don't have the preposition to we never

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say toucan. Toucan is a bird. And they don't have a continuous form. We cannot say I am

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canning. No. It's easy. You don't have to think about this. It's just that they don't

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have these grammar things. These verbs don't have them. So it's easier. So we're going

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to write some examples of ability with can. Oh no. Sorry. So some examples of ability

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with can. For example, I can play the piano. For the third person singular, so that you

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remember, my friend Elena can speak Italian, for example. Okay, this is ability. I can

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play the piano, my friend Elena can speak Italian. You can also do it in negative and

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you can make questions, okay? Can you, I don't know, can you climb the Kilimanjaro? Well,

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can you climb a big mountain? And you can say, yes, I can. No, I can't. Okay. No, I

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can't. So you can use also the negative. And what about could? Could we use it to express

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ability in the past? Okay. For example, you remember last year, a long time ago in

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prehistoric times, prehistoric people could make fire with flints. You remember? With

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these stones. Okay, so could is like can, but in the past. And these sentences, all of

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them express ability, things that you are able to do, things that you know how to do.

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What about request? What is a request? You use a request when you ask for something. For

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example can you open the window please okay this is a request if you want this

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is a normal request what you would do in class to a friend or to your family okay

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if you want to do it a little more polite remember polite means educado if

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If you want to do it a little more polite, you use could, okay?

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Could you please close the door?

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This is another request, okay?

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So these are requests.

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And the only difference is that this is normal and this is more polite.

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Could you please close the door?

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Then we have possibility.

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Possibility is the thing might happen.

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Possibility with can is not so used

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But with could, yes

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I could go

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But this is, yes

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I could go to your house tomorrow

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Okay, this is a possibility

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You express possibility

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I could go

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But it's very related to ability

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I am able to go

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Okay, another one

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Will

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As you know, will is used for the future tense

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for the future we have learned about will i will go to paris next summer if the coronavirus let me

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okay for example this is a future thing and it's also predictions if you see the weather if you

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look at the sky and see that it's very cloudy for example you can say i think it will rain

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tomorrow or later, okay? For predictions, something that you think will happen, okay?

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So this is will. Let's go with may or might. They are also used for possibility and for

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polite requests, okay? Remember the request, can you open the window, please? So may you

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open the window is like a more, even more polite request, okay? So for possibility,

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I may

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I may

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or I might

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I explain the difference later

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I may go to the United States

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next year

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this is a possibility

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it's not a very strong possibility

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and might is even less strong

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it's not very likely that you will go to the United States

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if you say I might go. It's a possibility, but it's not a very real possibility. For example,

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you can say I might go to the United States next year if my brother gets a grant, for example.

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Okay, that's possibility. May is a little more possible, might is quite unlikely.

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okay and now for polite requests is the same may I have some tea please when

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you're asking for a tea or might might is not even used only when you're

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talking with a queen or something like that okay might you please pass me the

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salt, but this is very unlikely, okay? You don't use it a lot. Okay, should and shouldn't.

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These model verbs are used for giving advice or a strong suggestion. I recommend you to

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do this, you should do this, okay? So, you should, should, should, should, studying for

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the exam, you should study for the exam, it's an advice, it's a recommendation, it's a strong

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suggestion I give you, okay? You should study for the exam, what happens if you don't study?

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You're going to fail, but it's not like an obligation, okay? It's a recommendation, an

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advice a suggestion you should study for the exam and if you put it in the

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negative it's a recommendation not to do something and they the children shouldn't

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play in the kitchen for example because it's dangerous do you understand so this

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is given an advice or a suggestion about something you should study for the exam

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because it's good for you or the children shouldn't play in the kitchen

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because it's not good for them okay they met my they may or might have an accident if they play

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in the kitchen do you understand i'm gonna write it there and the children might have an accident

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if they play in the kitchen do you understand may or might it's a possibility maybe they play

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in the kitchen nothing happens but it's a possibility there is okay so they shouldn't

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play in the kitchen it's not a recommendation and then we have must and mustn't must and mustn't are

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used for orders for law okay for obligation things that the police or the government or the teachers

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tell you not to do or to do okay must is an obligation for example you must

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you must uh have a degree

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if you want

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to be a teacher

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ok, a degree is a study from

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the university, ok

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this is something you need, if you want to be a teacher

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you must have a degree, you cannot be a teacher

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if you don't have a degree, ok

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do you understand? this is an obligation

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but it can be

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also like, for example

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you must

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pay

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the

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the book if you're buying something

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you must pay in the supermarket

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you must, these are like the

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obligations, ok

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in the library

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ok, and then you mustn't

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are prohibitions, for example

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you mustn't

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go to the supermarket

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without a mask nowadays, ok

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ok, so this

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a prohibition you mustn't go it's prohibited okay if you do it you might get a fine una multa or

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something like that okay so these are the most important uh modal verbs okay i think they are

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quite easy and remember that they don't have yes in the third person singular but it just comes

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naturally okay you don't have to think about that and the different uses of every of each of them

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can and could for ability, requests, possibility, will for the future chance, for predictions,

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may and might for possibility or for a polite request, should and shouldn't to give advice,

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suggestions, must and mustn't for law, for orders, for obligation, okay? I'm gonna write like here

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law. Okay, so that's all and now you have to go to your travellers, read about these, this is like

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the word order but it's quite easy here they tell you the uses of some of them

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but I think I explained it a bit more further and then you have to make the

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sentences here order the sentences and this is a bit strange this exercise they

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tell you fill the gaps with might should and must in all of them you have to put

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the three of them okay so it's very easy you don't you just have to think about

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how the meaning of the sentence changes okay I'm gonna do the first one with you

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so we visit uncle Jim if you're right we might visit uncle Jim it's like a

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possibility okay maybe we should okay why not okay if you're right we should

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visit uncle Jim it's a recommendation it's a suggestion but it is like a

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strong suggestion we should visit uncle Jim because he's sick okay but because

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he needs us it would be very good to visit him if you read shoot okay and we

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must visit Uncle Jim, it's obligatory. You must go and visit Uncle Jim

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because your parents told you or because he needs to see you. Do you

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understand the difference? If you write we might, why not? We might go or we

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might not go, it doesn't matter. We should, it's a strong advice because it's good

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for him, and we must, it's obligatory. So you have to think about how the

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the different models change the sentence okay change the meaning of the sentence and then you

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just match the first half of these sentences to these other half with the correct one okay

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so i wish you good luck and if you have any questions just tell me okay see you